Mastoiditis pathophysiology: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Mastoiditis is the infection in the cavities of mastoid process of temporal bone that occurs after otitis media. At birth, the mastoid consists of a single cavity, which is connected to the middle ear by a canal. As the child grows, the mastoid bone becomes pneumatized, resulting in a series of connected cavities, lined by a mucosa diverted from respiratory epithelium. There is a relationship between the middle ear, eustachian tube, and the mastoid. This connection has a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of mastoiditis. In the setting of [[acute otitis media]] the mucosa that lines the middle ear and also mastoid air cells becomes inflamed. In majority cases of [[acute otitis media]] inflammation resolve, but some persist leading to bacterial and fluid accumulation within the mastoid air cells. Gradually, as a result of pressure rising in mastoid, air cell septae may be destroyed and mastoiditis could be proceed to periostitis, cavity abscess and ostemyelitis.<ref name="pmid19734439">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lin HW, Shargorodsky J, Gopen Q |title=Clinical strategies for the management of acute mastoiditis in the pediatric population |journal=Clin Pediatr (Phila) |volume=49 |issue=2 |pages=110–5 |year=2010 |pmid=19734439 |doi=10.1177/0009922809344349 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid19758711">{{cite journal |vauthors=Pang LH, Barakate MS, Havas TE |title=Mastoiditis in a paediatric population: a review of 11 years experience in management |journal=Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. |volume=73 |issue=11 |pages=1520–4 |year=2009 |pmid=19758711 |doi=10.1016/j.ijporl.2009.07.003 |url=}}</ref> | |||
Mastoid is near important structures like the facial nerve, sternocleidomastoid muscle, jugular vein, internal carotid artery, sigmoid sinus, brain, and meninges; as a result of this proximity, spreading infection to these places may cause complications. | |||
== Pathogenesis == | == Pathogenesis == | ||
Revision as of 21:10, 26 June 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
Mastoiditis is the infection in the cavities of mastoid process of temporal bone that occurs after otitis media. At birth, the mastoid consists of a single cavity, which is connected to the middle ear by a canal. As the child grows, the mastoid bone becomes pneumatized, resulting in a series of connected cavities, lined by a mucosa diverted from respiratory epithelium. There is a relationship between the middle ear, eustachian tube, and the mastoid. This connection has a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of mastoiditis. In the setting of acute otitis media the mucosa that lines the middle ear and also mastoid air cells becomes inflamed. In majority cases of acute otitis media inflammation resolve, but some persist leading to bacterial and fluid accumulation within the mastoid air cells. Gradually, as a result of pressure rising in mastoid, air cell septae may be destroyed and mastoiditis could be proceed to periostitis, cavity abscess and ostemyelitis.[1][2]
Mastoid is near important structures like the facial nerve, sternocleidomastoid muscle, jugular vein, internal carotid artery, sigmoid sinus, brain, and meninges; as a result of this proximity, spreading infection to these places may cause complications.
Pathogenesis
...
- The mucosa that lines the middle ear and the mastoid air cells become inflamed in the setting of acute otitis media.
References
- ↑ Lin HW, Shargorodsky J, Gopen Q (2010). "Clinical strategies for the management of acute mastoiditis in the pediatric population". Clin Pediatr (Phila). 49 (2): 110–5. doi:10.1177/0009922809344349. PMID 19734439.
- ↑ Pang LH, Barakate MS, Havas TE (2009). "Mastoiditis in a paediatric population: a review of 11 years experience in management". Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. 73 (11): 1520–4. doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2009.07.003. PMID 19758711.