Chickenpox medical therapy: Difference between revisions
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==Medical Therapy== | ==Medical Therapy== | ||
=== | ===Symptomatic treatment=== | ||
* | *Mild [[sodium bicarbonate]] baths, [[antihistamine]] medication to help ease itching | ||
*Acetaminophen to reduce fever. | |||
* | *Ibuprofen | ||
*'''ASPIRIN MUST NOT BE GIVEN''' to children with chickenpox to avoid potentially fatal [[Reye's Syndrome]]. <ref>{{cite web | author=US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | url=http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd-vac/varicella/dis-faqs-gen-treatment.htm | title=Varicella Treatment Questions & Answers | work=CDC Guidelines | publisher=CDC | accessdate=2007-8-23}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Somekh E, Dalal I, Shohat T, Ginsberg''''' GM''''', Romano O |title=The burden of uncomplicated cases of chickenpox in Israel |journal=J. Infect. |volume=45 |issue=1 |pages=54-7 |year=2002 |pmid=12217733 |doi=}}</ref> | |||
*Topical application of [[calamine lotion]] <ref>{{cite journal |author=Tebruegge M, Kuruvilla M, Margarson I |title=Does the use of calamine or antihistamine provide symptomatic relief from pruritus in children with varicella zoster infection? |journal=Arch. Dis. Child. |volume=91 |issue=12 |pages=1035-6 |year=2006 |pmid=17119083 |doi=10.1136/adc.2006.105114 |url=http://adc.bmj.com/cgi/content/extract/91/12/1035 |format-Abstract}}</ref> Calamine lotion is no longer recommended due to its excessive drying nature. | |||
* Maintaining adequate hydration | |||
* Maintaining adequate hydration | * Intravenous Immunoglobulin therapy is also considered in pregnant women, immunocompromised patients and newborns who are not vaccinated. | ||
* Intravenous Immunoglobulin therapy is also considered | |||
====Anti-viral Therapy==== | ====Anti-viral Therapy==== | ||
Revision as of 00:34, 30 June 2017
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
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Overview
There is no definitive treatment for chicken pox, supportive treatment to minimize discomfort and pruritus.
Medical Therapy
Symptomatic treatment
- Mild sodium bicarbonate baths, antihistamine medication to help ease itching
- Acetaminophen to reduce fever.
- Ibuprofen
- ASPIRIN MUST NOT BE GIVEN to children with chickenpox to avoid potentially fatal Reye's Syndrome. [1][2]
- Topical application of calamine lotion [3] Calamine lotion is no longer recommended due to its excessive drying nature.
- Maintaining adequate hydration
- Intravenous Immunoglobulin therapy is also considered in pregnant women, immunocompromised patients and newborns who are not vaccinated.
Anti-viral Therapy
- Anti-viral therapy for chickenpox has been observed to be beneficial if given within the first 24hrs of the appeaerance of the rash.[4][5]
- It is important to check the renal function before proceeding with administration of anti-viral therapy for chickenpox.
- Acyclovir and valacyclovir are considered for individuals who are two years and above. Acyclovir is preferred over valcyclovir because of its better safety profile.
- The antiviral therapy varies
- Acyclovir is given as 20 mg per kg per dose every 6th hourly for age groups of 2 to 12 years and for adolescents. Dose not to exceed 800 mg per day. [6]
- Valacyclovir is given as 20 mg per kg per dose every 8th hourly for 5 days. (Dose not to exceed 1000 mg per day.
Contraindicated Medications
References
- ↑ US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. "Varicella Treatment Questions & Answers". CDC Guidelines. CDC. Retrieved 2007-8-23. Check date values in:
|accessdate=(help) - ↑ Somekh E, Dalal I, Shohat T, Ginsberg GM, Romano O (2002). "The burden of uncomplicated cases of chickenpox in Israel". J. Infect. 45 (1): 54–7. PMID 12217733.
- ↑ Tebruegge M, Kuruvilla M, Margarson I (2006). "Does the use of calamine or antihistamine provide symptomatic relief from pruritus in children with varicella zoster infection?". Arch. Dis. Child. 91 (12): 1035–6. doi:10.1136/adc.2006.105114. PMID 17119083. Text "format-Abstract" ignored (help)
- ↑ "A Controlled Trial of Acyclovir for Chickenpox in Normal Children — NEJM".
- ↑ Wallace MR, Bowler WA, Murray NB, Brodine SK, Oldfield EC (1992). "Treatment of adult varicella with oral acyclovir. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial". Ann. Intern. Med. 117 (5): 358–63. PMID 1323943.
- ↑ Kechagia IA, Kalantzi L, Dokoumetzidis A (2015). "Extrapolation of Valacyclovir Posology to Children Based on Pharmacokinetic Modeling". Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 34 (12): 1342–8. doi:10.1097/INF.0000000000000910. PMID 26379165.