Echinococcosis overview: Difference between revisions
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'''Echinococcosis''' is a potentially fatal [[parasitic disease]] that can affect many [[animal]]s, including [[wildlife]], commercial livestock and [[human]]s. The disease results from infection by[[tapeworm]] [[larva]]e of the [[genus]] ''[[Echinococcus]]'' - notably ''[[Echinococcus granulosus|E. granulosus]]'', ''[[Echinococcus multilocularis|E. multilocularis]]'', and ''Echinococcus vogeli''. | '''Echinococcosis''' is a potentially fatal [[parasitic disease]] that can affect many [[animal]]s, including [[wildlife]], commercial livestock and [[human]]s. The disease results from infection by[[tapeworm]] [[larva]]e of the [[genus]] ''[[Echinococcus]]'' - notably ''[[Echinococcus granulosus|E. granulosus]]'', ''[[Echinococcus multilocularis|E. multilocularis]]'', and ''Echinococcus vogeli''. | ||
==Historical Perspective== | |||
Goeze accurately described the echinococcosis cysts and the tapeworm heads for the first time in 1782. Later Batsch gave a detailed description of ''E. granulosus'' in 1786. Rudolf Leuckart identified ''E. multilocularis'' for the first time in 1863. | |||
==Classification== | |||
==Pathophysiology== | |||
==Causes== | |||
==Differentiating Echinococcosis from other Diseases== | |||
==Epidemiology and Demographics== | |||
==Risk Factors== | |||
==Natural History, Complications and Prognosis== | |||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
===History and symptoms=== | |||
===Physical examination=== | |||
===Laboratory findings=== | |||
===X Ray=== | ===X Ray=== | ||
Radiography permits the detection of hydatid cysts in the lungs; however, in other organ sites, calcification is necessary for visualization. | Radiography permits the detection of hydatid cysts in the lungs; however, in other organ sites, calcification is necessary for visualization. | ||
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The imaging technique of choice for cystic echinococcosis is ultrasonography since it is not only able to visualize the cysts in the body’s organs <ref name="BrunettiEnrico">Brunetti, Enrico, Peter Kern , and Dominique Vuitton. "Expert Consensus for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Cystic and Alveolar Echinococcosis in Humans." Acta Tropica (2009). Web. 24 February 2010.</ref> but it is also inexpensive, non-invasive and gives instant results.<ref>Macpherson, Calum N.L., Ruth Milner, and . "Performance Characteristics and Quality Control of Community Based Ultrasound Surveys for Cystic and Alveolar Echinococcosis." Acta Tropica 85. (2003): 203-09. Web. 24 February 2010.</ref> Ultrasonography has been widely used for screening, clinical diagnosis, and monitoring of treatment of liver and intraabdominal cysts. | The imaging technique of choice for cystic echinococcosis is ultrasonography since it is not only able to visualize the cysts in the body’s organs <ref name="BrunettiEnrico">Brunetti, Enrico, Peter Kern , and Dominique Vuitton. "Expert Consensus for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Cystic and Alveolar Echinococcosis in Humans." Acta Tropica (2009). Web. 24 February 2010.</ref> but it is also inexpensive, non-invasive and gives instant results.<ref>Macpherson, Calum N.L., Ruth Milner, and . "Performance Characteristics and Quality Control of Community Based Ultrasound Surveys for Cystic and Alveolar Echinococcosis." Acta Tropica 85. (2003): 203-09. Web. 24 February 2010.</ref> Ultrasonography has been widely used for screening, clinical diagnosis, and monitoring of treatment of liver and intraabdominal cysts. | ||
===CT scan=== | |||
===MRI=== | ===MRI=== | ||
Both MRI and CT scans can and are often used although an MRI is often preferred to CT scans when diagnosing cystic echinococcosis since it gives better visualization of liquid areas within the tissue. | Both MRI and CT scans can and are often used although an MRI is often preferred to CT scans when diagnosing cystic echinococcosis since it gives better visualization of liquid areas within the tissue. | ||
=== Other imaging findings === | |||
=== Other diagnostic studied === | |||
== Treatment == | |||
=== Medical therapy === | |||
=== Surgery === | |||
=== Primary prevention === | |||
=== Secondary prevention === | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
Revision as of 19:38, 30 June 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]; Kalsang Dolma, M.B.B.S.[3]
Overview
Echinococcosis is a potentially fatal parasitic disease that can affect many animals, including wildlife, commercial livestock and humans. The disease results from infection bytapeworm larvae of the genus Echinococcus - notably E. granulosus, E. multilocularis, and Echinococcus vogeli.
Historical Perspective
Goeze accurately described the echinococcosis cysts and the tapeworm heads for the first time in 1782. Later Batsch gave a detailed description of E. granulosus in 1786. Rudolf Leuckart identified E. multilocularis for the first time in 1863.
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Echinococcosis from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
History and symptoms
Physical examination
Laboratory findings
X Ray
Radiography permits the detection of hydatid cysts in the lungs; however, in other organ sites, calcification is necessary for visualization.
Ultrasound
The imaging technique of choice for cystic echinococcosis is ultrasonography since it is not only able to visualize the cysts in the body’s organs [1] but it is also inexpensive, non-invasive and gives instant results.[2] Ultrasonography has been widely used for screening, clinical diagnosis, and monitoring of treatment of liver and intraabdominal cysts.
CT scan
MRI
Both MRI and CT scans can and are often used although an MRI is often preferred to CT scans when diagnosing cystic echinococcosis since it gives better visualization of liquid areas within the tissue.
Other imaging findings
Other diagnostic studied
Treatment
Medical therapy
Surgery
Primary prevention
Secondary prevention
References
- ↑ Brunetti, Enrico, Peter Kern , and Dominique Vuitton. "Expert Consensus for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Cystic and Alveolar Echinococcosis in Humans." Acta Tropica (2009). Web. 24 February 2010.
- ↑ Macpherson, Calum N.L., Ruth Milner, and . "Performance Characteristics and Quality Control of Community Based Ultrasound Surveys for Cystic and Alveolar Echinococcosis." Acta Tropica 85. (2003): 203-09. Web. 24 February 2010.