Hypopituitarism causes: Difference between revisions
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==Cause== | ==Cause== | ||
===Common Causes=== | ===Common Causes=== | ||
Hypopituitarism and panhypopituitarism can be congenital or acquired. A partial list of causes and forms: | Hypopituitarism and panhypopituitarism can be congenital or acquired. A partial list of causes and forms:<ref name="pmid17467517">{{cite journal| author=Schneider HJ, Aimaretti G, Kreitschmann-Andermahr I, Stalla GK, Ghigo E| title=Hypopituitarism. | journal=Lancet | year= 2007 | volume= 369 | issue= 9571 | pages= 1461-70 | pmid=17467517 | doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60673-4 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17467517 }} </ref> | ||
* Congenital hypopituitarism | * Congenital hypopituitarism | ||
**Hypoplasia of the pituitary | **Hypoplasia of the pituitary | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmed Elsaiey, MBBCH [2]
Overview
Cause
Common Causes
Hypopituitarism and panhypopituitarism can be congenital or acquired. A partial list of causes and forms:[1]
- Congenital hypopituitarism
- Hypoplasia of the pituitary
- Isolated idiopathic congenital hypopituitarism
- Associated with other congenital syndromes and birth defects
- Septo-optic dysplasia
- Holoprosencephaly
- Chromosome 22 deletion syndrome
- Rapaport syndrome
- Single gene defect forms of anterior pituitary hormone deficiency
- Hypoplasia of the pituitary
- Acquired hypopituitarism (Simmonds' disease)
- Trauma (e.g., skull base fracture)
- Surgery (e.g., removal of pituitary neoplasm)
- Tumor - secretory and non-secretory (20%) pituitary or hypothalamic neoplasms, cause hypopituitarism by compressing the remaining tissue
- Inflammation (e.g. sarcoidosis or autoimmune hypophysitis)
- Radiation (e.g., after cranial irradiation for childhood leukemia)
- Shock
- (Sheehan's syndrome is hypopituitarism after heavy bleeding in childbirth)
- Hemochromatosis
- other diseases.
Causes in Alphabetical Order
- Anorexia Nervosa
- Bulimia Nervosa
- Changes in body weight
- Congestive Heart Failure
- Emotional disorders
- Empty Sella Syndrome
- Habitual exercise
- Head Trauma
- Hemochromatosis
- Infection
- Fungal
- Malaria
- Meningitis
- Syphillis
- Tuberculosis
- Ischemic nerosis of the pituitary
- Anticoagulant therapy
- Arteriosclerosis
- Arteritis temporalis
- Blood dyscrasias
- Brain Trauma
- Diabetes Mellitus
- Eclampsia
- Increased cranial pressure
- Sheehan's Syndrome
- Sickle Cell Anemia
- Tumor
- Iatrogenic
- Parasellar tumor/pituitary compression
- Craniopharyngioma
- Chromophobe adenoma
- Intracranial cartoid branch aneurysm
- Lymphoma
- Meningioma
- Metasteses
- Optic nerve neuroma
References
- ↑ Schneider HJ, Aimaretti G, Kreitschmann-Andermahr I, Stalla GK, Ghigo E (2007). "Hypopituitarism". Lancet. 369 (9571): 1461–70. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60673-4. PMID 17467517.