Primary hyperaldosteronism history and symptoms: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 02:40, 10 July 2017

Template:Conn syndrome Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

History

Conn's syndrome (primary hyperaldosteronism) may be suspected in the following scenarios:

Patients with a history of spontaneous or unprovoked hypokalemia along with hypertension.
Patients who develop severe and/or persistent hypokalemia while on low to moderate doses of potassium-wasting diuretics.
Patients with a history of treatment-refractory/-resistant hypertension (HTN).

Patients with profound hypokalemia report fatigue, muscle weakness, cramping, headaches, and palpitations. They can also have polydipsia and polyuria from hypokalemia-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Long-standing HTN may lead to cardiac, retinal, renal, and neurologic problems, with all the associated symptoms and signs. Patients with conn's syndrome(primary aldosteronism) may have subclinical systolic dysfunction, lower heart rates, higher blood pressure and vascular resistance values than those with the secondary hyperaldosteronism. Plasma renin activity has been found to be lower in primary than in secondary hyperaldosteronism.

Common Symptoms

Common symptoms of Conn's syndrome (primary hyperaldosteronism) include:

Hypertension related symptoms

Headaches
Facial flushing
Weakness
Visual impairment
Impaired consciousness
Seizures (hypertensive encephalopathy)

Hypokalemia related symptoms

Constipation
Polyuria and polydipsia (because of impaired renal concentrating ability)
Weakness

Less Common Symptoms

Less common symptoms of Conn's syndrome (primary hyperaldosteronism) include:

Paralysis
Palpitations

References

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 {{CMG}}
 ==Overview==
-==History and Symptoms==
+==History ==
-Conn's syndrome is also known as primary [[hyperaldosteronism]]. Apart from high blood pressure, the symptoms may include [[myalgia|muscle cramps]] and [[headache]]s (due to the low potassium) and symptoms of [[hypocalcemia]] (low calcium levels).
+Conn's syndrome (primary hyperaldosteronism) may be suspected in the following scenarios:
+* Patients with a history of spontaneous or unprovoked hypokalemia along with hypertension.
+* Patients who develop severe and/or persistent hypokalemia while on low to moderate doses of potassium-wasting diuretics.
+* Patients with a history of treatment-refractory/-resistant hypertension (HTN).
+Patients with profound hypokalemia report fatigue, muscle weakness, cramping, headaches, and palpitations. They can also have polydipsia and polyuria from hypokalemia-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Long-standing HTN may lead to cardiac, retinal, renal, and neurologic problems, with all the associated symptoms and signs. Patients with conn's syndrome(primary aldosteronism) may have subclinical systolic dysfunction, lower heart rates, higher blood pressure and vascular resistance values than  those with the secondary hyperaldosteronism. Plasma renin activity has been found to be lower in primary than in secondary hyperaldosteronism.
-It can be mimicked by [[liquorice]] ingestion ([[glycyrrhizin]]) and [[Liddle syndrome]].
+==Common Symptoms==
+Common symptoms of Conn's syndrome (primary hyperaldosteronism) include:
+=== Hypertension related symptoms ===
+* Headaches
+* Facial flushing
+* Weakness
+* Visual impairment
+* Impaired consciousness
+* Seizures (hypertensive encephalopathy)
+=== Hypokalemia related symptoms ===
+* Constipation
+* Polyuria and polydipsia (because of impaired renal concentrating ability)
+* Weakness
+== Less Common Symptoms ==
+Less common symptoms of Conn's syndrome (primary hyperaldosteronism) include:
+* Paralysis
+* Palpitations
 ==References==