Cushing's syndrome classification: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Cushing's syndrome may be classified according to the source of [[cortisol]] into four subtypes: endogenous, exogenous, familial Cushing's Syndrome, and pseudo-Cushing’s | Cushing's syndrome may be classified according to the source of [[cortisol]] into four subtypes: endogenous, exogenous, familial Cushing's Syndrome, and pseudo-Cushing’s syndrome. | ||
==Classification== | ==Classification== | ||
Cushing's syndrome is classified into two main subtypes: | Cushing's syndrome is classified into two main subtypes:<ref name="pmid26004339">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lacroix A, Feelders RA, Stratakis CA, Nieman LK |title=Cushing's syndrome |journal=Lancet |volume=386 |issue=9996 |pages=913–27 |year=2015 |pmid=26004339 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61375-1 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25480800">{{cite journal |vauthors=Raff H, Carroll T |title=Cushing's syndrome: from physiological principles to diagnosis and clinical care |journal=J. Physiol. (Lond.) |volume=593 |issue=3 |pages=493–506 |year=2015 |pmid=25480800 |pmc=4324701 |doi=10.1113/jphysiol.2014.282871 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid24423978">{{cite journal |vauthors=Else T, Kim AC, Sabolch A, Raymond VM, Kandathil A, Caoili EM, Jolly S, Miller BS, Giordano TJ, Hammer GD |title=Adrenocortical carcinoma |journal=Endocr. Rev. |volume=35 |issue=2 |pages=282–326 |year=2014 |pmid=24423978 |pmc=3963263 |doi=10.1210/er.2013-1029 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*Exogenous: | *Exogenous: | ||
:*Also called [[iatrogenic]] | :*Also called [[iatrogenic]] Cushing's syndrome. It's due to taking [[glucocorticoids]] medications to treat inflammation caused by other diseases like allergies, [[asthma]], autoimmune diseases, and after organ transplantation. | ||
*Endogenous: | *Endogenous: | ||
Line 26: | Line 26: | ||
*Familial Cushing's Syndrome | *Familial Cushing's Syndrome | ||
:*Patients with rare genetic diseases like multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 and primary pigmented micronodular adrenal disease are more susceptible to develop tumors in glands that affect cortisol levels. As a result, these patients will develop | :*Patients with rare genetic diseases like multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 and primary pigmented micronodular adrenal disease are more susceptible to develop tumors in glands that affect cortisol levels. As a result, these patients will develop Cushing's syndrome. | ||
*Pseudo-Cushing’s Syndrome | *Pseudo-Cushing’s Syndrome | ||
:*It | :*It is due to alcoholism, depression or other psychiatric disorders, obesity, pregnancy, and poorly controlled diabetes. | ||
==References== | ==References== |
Revision as of 17:20, 12 July 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohamad Alkateb, MBBCh [2]
Overview
Cushing's syndrome may be classified according to the source of cortisol into four subtypes: endogenous, exogenous, familial Cushing's Syndrome, and pseudo-Cushing’s syndrome.
Classification
Cushing's syndrome is classified into two main subtypes:[1][2][3]
- Exogenous:
- Also called iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome. It's due to taking glucocorticoids medications to treat inflammation caused by other diseases like allergies, asthma, autoimmune diseases, and after organ transplantation.
- Endogenous:
- It's due to tumors originating from withing the body.
- Benign tumors:
- Pituitary adenoma
- Adrenal adenoma
- Adrenal micronodular hyperplasia
- Adenomas in places other than the pituitary or adrenal glands, mostly in the lungs, pancreas, thyroid, or thymus
- Malignant tumors:
- Adrenal cancer
- Cancer in places other than the pituitary or adrenal glands, mostly in the lungs, pancreas, thyroid, or thymus
- Familial Cushing's Syndrome
- Patients with rare genetic diseases like multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 and primary pigmented micronodular adrenal disease are more susceptible to develop tumors in glands that affect cortisol levels. As a result, these patients will develop Cushing's syndrome.
- Pseudo-Cushing’s Syndrome
- It is due to alcoholism, depression or other psychiatric disorders, obesity, pregnancy, and poorly controlled diabetes.
References
- ↑ Lacroix A, Feelders RA, Stratakis CA, Nieman LK (2015). "Cushing's syndrome". Lancet. 386 (9996): 913–27. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61375-1. PMID 26004339.
- ↑ Raff H, Carroll T (2015). "Cushing's syndrome: from physiological principles to diagnosis and clinical care". J. Physiol. (Lond.). 593 (3): 493–506. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2014.282871. PMC 4324701. PMID 25480800.
- ↑ Else T, Kim AC, Sabolch A, Raymond VM, Kandathil A, Caoili EM, Jolly S, Miller BS, Giordano TJ, Hammer GD (2014). "Adrenocortical carcinoma". Endocr. Rev. 35 (2): 282–326. doi:10.1210/er.2013-1029. PMC 3963263. PMID 24423978.