Hypogonadism laboratory findings: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
| Line 17: | Line 17: | ||
=== LH and FSH levels === | === LH and FSH levels === | ||
* When the testosterone levels are low, measuring serum levels of Follicular Luteinizing Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone is indicated to know the cause of the disease. | |||
* High levels of FSH and LH (>1-8 mIU/ml) indicates primary cause of hypogonadism. | |||
* Low levels of FSH and LH indicates secondary cause of hypogonadism. | |||
=== Semen analysis === | |||
* Analysis of the male patients semen ,to know th number and the semen motility, is the best way to evaluate the semen production and fertility. | |||
* Normal levels of semen:<ref name="pmid19934213">{{cite journal| author=Cooper TG, Noonan E, von Eckardstein S, Auger J, Baker HW, Behre HM et al.| title=World Health Organization reference values for human semen characteristics. | journal=Hum Reprod Update | year= 2010 | volume= 16 | issue= 3 | pages= 231-45 | pmid=19934213 | doi=10.1093/humupd/dmp048 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19934213 }}</ref> | |||
** 15 million/ml of the ejaculate. | |||
** 39 million/ejaculate. | |||
** 40% of the sperms are motile. | |||
* Very low count of semen (<5 million/ejaculate) is mostly associated with primary and secondary hypogonadism. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 21:00, 18 July 2017
|
Hypogonadism Microchapters |
|
Diagnosis |
|---|
|
Treatment |
|
Case Studies |
|
Hypogonadism laboratory findings On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Hypogonadism laboratory findings |
|
Risk calculators and risk factors for Hypogonadism laboratory findings |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Laboratory Findings
Testosterone levels
- Diagnosis of hypogonadism in males is based on two successive low free testosterone level (<0.17-0.31 nmol/L) and total testosterone level (<9.7-10.4 nmol/L). It is recommended to be done in the morning as testosterone level is higher in that time.[1]
- If it is confirmed to be hypogonadism, the next step will be measurement of the gonadotropins hormones LH and FSH to detect the cause of the hypogonadism:
- High gonadotropin hormones leve indicates primary hypogonadism and it is called hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism.
- Low gonadotropin hormones level indicates secondary hypogonadism and it is called hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism.
- After detecting the site of impairment, further tests need to be performed to determine the exact cause of the disease.[2]
- Free testosterone levels:[3]
- Measuring free testosterone level is indicated in suspected cases of hypogonadism especially if it is suspected that concentrations of sex-hormone-binding globulin are abnormal. It has many calculating methods but the equilibrium dialysis method is known to be better than other methods.
- Free testosterone and others bound to albumin which is known as bioavailable testosterone also can be measured as it gives accurate estimate of the androgen levels.
LH and FSH levels
- When the testosterone levels are low, measuring serum levels of Follicular Luteinizing Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone is indicated to know the cause of the disease.
- High levels of FSH and LH (>1-8 mIU/ml) indicates primary cause of hypogonadism.
- Low levels of FSH and LH indicates secondary cause of hypogonadism.
Semen analysis
- Analysis of the male patients semen ,to know th number and the semen motility, is the best way to evaluate the semen production and fertility.
- Normal levels of semen:[4]
- 15 million/ml of the ejaculate.
- 39 million/ejaculate.
- 40% of the sperms are motile.
- Very low count of semen (<5 million/ejaculate) is mostly associated with primary and secondary hypogonadism.
References
- ↑ Rosner W, Auchus RJ, Azziz R, Sluss PM, Raff H (2007). "Position statement: Utility, limitations, and pitfalls in measuring testosterone: an Endocrine Society position statement". J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 92 (2): 405–13. doi:10.1210/jc.2006-1864. PMID 17090633.
- ↑ Basaria S (2015-05-05). "TEstosterone levels for evaluation of androgen deficiency". JAMA. 313 (17): 1749–1750. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.4179. ISSN 0098-7484. Retrieved 2015-05-06.
- ↑ Ly LP, Sartorius G, Hull L, Leung A, Swerdloff RS, Wang C; et al. (2010). "Accuracy of calculated free testosterone formulae in men". Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 73 (3): 382–8. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2010.03804.x. PMID 20346001.
- ↑ Cooper TG, Noonan E, von Eckardstein S, Auger J, Baker HW, Behre HM; et al. (2010). "World Health Organization reference values for human semen characteristics". Hum Reprod Update. 16 (3): 231–45. doi:10.1093/humupd/dmp048. PMID 19934213.