Hypogonadism pathophysiology: Difference between revisions
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* GnRH deficiency has a main role in hypogonadism pathogenesis in males as it leads to decrease of the gonadal hormone and deficiency of testosterone eventually.<ref name="pmid3098771">{{cite journal| author=Spratt DI, Carr DB, Merriam GR, Scully RE, Rao PN, Crowley WF| title=The spectrum of abnormal patterns of gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion in men with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: clinical and laboratory correlations. | journal=J Clin Endocrinol Metab | year= 1987 | volume= 64 | issue= 2 | pages= 283-91 | pmid=3098771 | doi=10.1210/jcem-64-2-283 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3098771 }}</ref> | * GnRH deficiency has a main role in hypogonadism pathogenesis in males as it leads to decrease of the gonadal hormone and deficiency of testosterone eventually.<ref name="pmid3098771">{{cite journal| author=Spratt DI, Carr DB, Merriam GR, Scully RE, Rao PN, Crowley WF| title=The spectrum of abnormal patterns of gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion in men with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: clinical and laboratory correlations. | journal=J Clin Endocrinol Metab | year= 1987 | volume= 64 | issue= 2 | pages= 283-91 | pmid=3098771 | doi=10.1210/jcem-64-2-283 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3098771 }}</ref> | ||
* It has been proved that GnRH deficiency is associated with most cases of idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism in males. | * It has been proved that GnRH deficiency is associated with most cases of idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism in males. | ||
==== Genetic ==== | |||
* Gentic mutations have a big role in development of the hypogonadism especially congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. There are more than 25 genes participate in the pathogenesis of hypogonadism.<ref name="pmid26194704">{{cite journal| author=Boehm U, Bouloux PM, Dattani MT, de Roux N, Dodé C, Dunkel L et al.| title=Expert consensus document: European Consensus Statement on congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism--pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. | journal=Nat Rev Endocrinol | year= 2015 | volume= 11 | issue= 9 | pages= 547-64 | pmid=26194704 | doi=10.1038/nrendo.2015.112 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26194704 }}</ref> | |||
* In this table number of genes with the associated diseases causing hypogonadism are enlisted: | |||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 17:09, 20 July 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmed Elsaiey, MBBCH [2]
Overview
Pathophysiology
Pathogenesis
Hypogonadism in males
- The hypogonadism pathogenesis in males depends mainly on the testosterone deficiency. Testosterone secretion occurs as the following:
- Testosterone is secreted in response to stimulation signals from the brain cortex to the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus by its role secrets the gonadotropin releasing hormones (GnRH).
- GnRH stimulates the pituitary gland which by its role secretes the gonadal hormones the Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and the Luteinizing Hormone (LH).
- In males, LH stimulates the leydig cells in the testes which produce testosterone by converting the cholesterol to testosterone.
- Production of testosterone from the testes gives negative feed back to the pituitary. This feedback inhibit the production of FSH and LH from the pituitary.
- Testosterone deficiency can occur when different acquired or congenital disease affect the organs responsible for its secretion. So, pathogenesis of the hypogonadism in males depends on the underlying cause.[1]
- GnRH deficiency has a main role in hypogonadism pathogenesis in males as it leads to decrease of the gonadal hormone and deficiency of testosterone eventually.[2]
- It has been proved that GnRH deficiency is associated with most cases of idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism in males.
Genetic
- Gentic mutations have a big role in development of the hypogonadism especially congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. There are more than 25 genes participate in the pathogenesis of hypogonadism.[3]
- In this table number of genes with the associated diseases causing hypogonadism are enlisted:
| Genes | Mutation | Associated disease |
|---|---|---|
References
- ↑ Kumar P, Kumar N, Thakur DS, Patidar A (2010). "Male hypogonadism: Symptoms and treatment". J Adv Pharm Technol Res. 1 (3): 297–301. doi:10.4103/0110-5558.72420. PMC 3255409. PMID 22247861.
- ↑ Spratt DI, Carr DB, Merriam GR, Scully RE, Rao PN, Crowley WF (1987). "The spectrum of abnormal patterns of gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion in men with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: clinical and laboratory correlations". J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 64 (2): 283–91. doi:10.1210/jcem-64-2-283. PMID 3098771.
- ↑ Boehm U, Bouloux PM, Dattani MT, de Roux N, Dodé C, Dunkel L; et al. (2015). "Expert consensus document: European Consensus Statement on congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism--pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment". Nat Rev Endocrinol. 11 (9): 547–64. doi:10.1038/nrendo.2015.112. PMID 26194704.