Hypogonadism differential diagnosis: Difference between revisions
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| rowspan=" | | rowspan="2" |Male diseases | ||
|Testicular torsion | |Testicular torsion | ||
|Patients of testicular torsion usually present with following:<ref name="pmid19679025">{{cite journal| author=Schmitz D, Safranek S| title=Clinical inquiries. How useful is a physical exam in diagnosing testicular torsion? | journal=J Fam Pract | year= 2009 | volume= 58 | issue= 8 | pages= 433-4 | pmid=19679025 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19679025 }}</ref> | |||
* Sudden onset of severe pain in one [[testicle]], with or without a previous predisposing event | |||
* Swelling within one side of the scrotum (scrotal swelling) | |||
* [[Nausea]] or [[vomiting]] | |||
* [[Lightheadedness]] | |||
* Bell clapper deformity of testes on examination | |||
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* Scrotal ultrasound | |||
| | * Urinalysis to exclude bacterial infection | ||
|Management is mainly surgical through detorsion and fixation of the affected testes. | |||
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|Orchitis | |Orchitis | ||
|Clincial features of orchitis include the following:<ref name="pmid19378875">{{cite journal |vauthors=Trojian TH, Lishnak TS, Heiman D |title=Epididymitis and orchitis: an overview |journal=Am Fam Physician |volume=79 |issue=7 |pages=583–7 |year=2009 |pmid=19378875 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid21490048">{{cite journal |vauthors=Stewart A, Ubee SS, Davies H |title=Epididymo-orchitis |journal=BMJ |volume=342 |issue= |pages=d1543 |year=2011 |pmid=21490048 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
* [[Scrotum|Scrotal]] swelling | |||
* Scrotal pain | |||
* Lower urinary tract infections | |||
* Nausea, vomiting and chills | |||
* [[Prehn's sign]] positive | |||
* [[Costovertebral]] angle [[tenderness]] | |||
* Fever | |||
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* [[Urethral]] [[Gram stain]] | |||
* [[Urinalysis]] | |||
* [[Urine culture]] | |||
* PCR to detect the presence of ''[[Neisseria gonorrheae]]'' and ''[[Chlamydia trachomatis]]'' | |||
* Scrotal ultrasound is the diagnostic imaging of choice in cases of acute scrotum. | |||
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* [[Bed rest]] and limitation of [[physical activity]] | |||
* Use of cold packs | |||
* [[Analgesia]] | |||
* [[Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs]] ([[NSAIDs]]) | |||
* [[Levofloxacin]] in bacterial infeciton. | |||
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| rowspan="3" |Female diseases | | rowspan="3" |Female diseases | ||
Revision as of 03:10, 23 July 2017
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Hypogonadism differential diagnosis On the Web |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Differentiating Hypogonadism from other Diseases
- Hypogonadism must be differentiated from diseases that cause delayed puberty or infertility. These diseases include congenital diseases as Klinefelter syndrome, Kallmann syndrome and cryptorchidism. The diseases include also
| Diseases | Clinical findings | Diagnosis | Manangement | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Congenital diseases | Klinefelter syndrome | |||
| Kallmann syndrome | ||||
| Cryptorchidism | ||||
| Male diseases | Testicular torsion | Patients of testicular torsion usually present with following:[1]
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Management is mainly surgical through detorsion and fixation of the affected testes. |
| Orchitis | Clincial features of orchitis include the following:[2][3]
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| Female diseases | Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) | Possible clinical findings in cases of PCOS:[4]
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| Pelvic inflammatory disease | Patients usually present with the following:[6][7]
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| Endometriosis | Clinical features of endometriosis include the following:[8]
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Medical therapy:
Surgery:
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References
- ↑ Schmitz D, Safranek S (2009). "Clinical inquiries. How useful is a physical exam in diagnosing testicular torsion?". J Fam Pract. 58 (8): 433–4. PMID 19679025.
- ↑ Trojian TH, Lishnak TS, Heiman D (2009). "Epididymitis and orchitis: an overview". Am Fam Physician. 79 (7): 583–7. PMID 19378875.
- ↑ Stewart A, Ubee SS, Davies H (2011). "Epididymo-orchitis". BMJ. 342: d1543. PMID 21490048.
- ↑ Christine Cortet-Rudelli, Didier Dewailly (2006). "Diagnosis of Hyperandrogenism in Female Adolescents". Hyperandrogenism in Adolescent Girls. Armenian Health Network, Health.am. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Legro RS, Barnhart HX, Schlaff WD (2007). "Clomiphene, Metformin, or Both for Infertility in the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome". N Engl J Med. 356 (6): 551–566. PMID 17287476.
- ↑ Brunham RC, Gottlieb SL, Paavonen J (2015). "Pelvic inflammatory disease". N. Engl. J. Med. 372 (21): 2039–48. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1411426. PMID 25992748.
- ↑ Ford GW, Decker CF (2016). "Pelvic inflammatory disease". Dis Mon. 62 (8): 301–5. doi:10.1016/j.disamonth.2016.03.015. PMID 27107781.
- ↑ Murphy AA (2002). "Clinical aspects of endometriosis". Ann N Y Acad Sci. 955: 1–10, discussion 34-6, 396–406. PMID 11949938.