Whipworm infection epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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*Incidence and prevalence rates are highest in children living in sub-Saharan Africa, followed by Asia and then Latin America and the Caribbean.<ref name="pmid14642761">{{cite journal |vauthors=de Silva NR, Brooker S, Hotez PJ, Montresor A, Engels D, Savioli L |title=Soil-transmitted helminth infections: updating the global picture |journal=Trends Parasitol. |volume=19 |issue=12 |pages=547–51 |year=2003 |pmid=14642761 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16647972">{{cite journal |vauthors=Brooker S, Clements AC, Bundy DA |title=Global epidemiology, ecology and control of soil-transmitted helminth infections |journal=Adv. Parasitol. |volume=62 |issue= |pages=221–61 |year=2006 |pmid=16647972 |pmc=1976253 |doi=10.1016/S0065-308X(05)62007-6 |url=}}</ref> | *Incidence and prevalence rates are highest in children living in sub-Saharan Africa, followed by Asia and then Latin America and the Caribbean.<ref name="pmid14642761">{{cite journal |vauthors=de Silva NR, Brooker S, Hotez PJ, Montresor A, Engels D, Savioli L |title=Soil-transmitted helminth infections: updating the global picture |journal=Trends Parasitol. |volume=19 |issue=12 |pages=547–51 |year=2003 |pmid=14642761 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16647972">{{cite journal |vauthors=Brooker S, Clements AC, Bundy DA |title=Global epidemiology, ecology and control of soil-transmitted helminth infections |journal=Adv. Parasitol. |volume=62 |issue= |pages=221–61 |year=2006 |pmid=16647972 |pmc=1976253 |doi=10.1016/S0065-308X(05)62007-6 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*Worldwide, infections are more frequent in areas with [[Tropical disease|tropical weather]] and poor [[sanitation]] practices.<ref name="pmid166479723">{{cite journal |vauthors=Brooker S, Clements AC, Bundy DA |title=Global epidemiology, ecology and control of soil-transmitted helminth infections |journal=Adv. Parasitol. |volume=62 |issue= |pages=221–61 |year=2006 |pmid=16647972 |pmc=1976253 |doi=10.1016/S0065-308X(05)62007-6 |url=}}</ref> | *Worldwide, infections are more frequent in areas with [[Tropical disease|tropical weather]] and poor [[sanitation]] practices.<ref name="pmid166479723">{{cite journal |vauthors=Brooker S, Clements AC, Bundy DA |title=Global epidemiology, ecology and control of soil-transmitted helminth infections |journal=Adv. Parasitol. |volume=62 |issue= |pages=221–61 |year=2006 |pmid=16647972 |pmc=1976253 |doi=10.1016/S0065-308X(05)62007-6 |url=}}</ref> | ||
[[Image:Prevalence_whipworm_in_children_in_ssa.jpg|300px|center|Prevalence of Trichuris trichiura among school-aged children in Sub-Saharan Africa, courtesy Global Land Information System (GLIS) of the United States Geological Survey (http://edcwww.cr.usgs.gov/landdaac/gtopo30/)]] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 22:17, 25 July 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aravind Kuchkuntla, M.B.B.S[2]
Overview
Trichuris trichiura is the third most common nematode worldwide following Ascaris and Enterobius, all three together affect close to 1 billion people. Whip worm infection is endemic in tropical and subtropical countries. The prevalence of Trichuris trichiura is high affecting 95% in children in countries where protein energy malnutrition and anemias are prevalent.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Prevalence
- The prevalence of T. trichiura is high affecting 95% in children in many countries where protein energy malnutrition and anemias are prevalent.[1]
Incidence
- Trichuris trichiura is the third most common nematode worldwide following Ascaris and Enterobius, all three together affect close to 1 billion people every year.
Age
- Trichuris trichiura is more common among school-aged children compared to adults.[2]
Gender
- There is no gender predilection for infection with Trichuris trichiura.
Race
- There is no racial predilection for infection with Trichuris trichiura.
Geographic distribution
- Trichuriasis occurs in the southern United States.
- Whip worm infection is endemic in tropical and subtropical countries.[3]
- Incidence and prevalence rates are highest in children living in sub-Saharan Africa, followed by Asia and then Latin America and the Caribbean.[4][5]
- Worldwide, infections are more frequent in areas with tropical weather and poor sanitation practices.[6]
References
- ↑ Stephenson, L.S.; Holland, C.V.; Cooper, E.S. (2001). "The public health significance of Trichuris trichiura". Parasitology. 121 (S1): S73. doi:10.1017/S0031182000006867. ISSN 0031-1820.
- ↑ Brooker S, Clements AC, Bundy DA (2006). "Global epidemiology, ecology and control of soil-transmitted helminth infections". Adv. Parasitol. 62: 221–61. doi:10.1016/S0065-308X(05)62007-6. PMC 1976253. PMID 16647972.
- ↑ Manz KM, Clowes P, Kroidl I, Kowuor DO, Geldmacher C, Ntinginya NE; et al. (2017). "Trichuris trichiura infection and its relation to environmental factors in Mbeya region, Tanzania: A cross-sectional, population-based study". PLoS One. 12 (4): e0175137. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0175137. PMC 5383155. PMID 28384306.
- ↑ de Silva NR, Brooker S, Hotez PJ, Montresor A, Engels D, Savioli L (2003). "Soil-transmitted helminth infections: updating the global picture". Trends Parasitol. 19 (12): 547–51. PMID 14642761.
- ↑ Brooker S, Clements AC, Bundy DA (2006). "Global epidemiology, ecology and control of soil-transmitted helminth infections". Adv. Parasitol. 62: 221–61. doi:10.1016/S0065-308X(05)62007-6. PMC 1976253. PMID 16647972.
- ↑ Brooker S, Clements AC, Bundy DA (2006). "Global epidemiology, ecology and control of soil-transmitted helminth infections". Adv. Parasitol. 62: 221–61. doi:10.1016/S0065-308X(05)62007-6. PMC 1976253. PMID 16647972.