Whipworm infection natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
[[Whipworm infection]] in majority of people causes no clinical symptoms, but a severe infection can cause [[abdominal pain]], [[diarrhea]], [[constipation]], [[weight loss]], and [[anemia]]. If left untreated, severe infection can result in Trichuris [[dysentery]] syndrome associated with heavy infection. Complications of heavy whipworm infection include chronic [[Dysentery|dysentry]], [[rectal prolapse]] and growth retardation. Prognosis is excellent with [[Antihelminthic|antihelminthic treatment]] and complete recovery occurs in 1 to 2 weeks. | [[Whipworm infection]] in majority of people causes no clinical symptoms, but a severe infection can cause [[abdominal pain]], [[diarrhea]], [[constipation]], [[weight loss]], and [[anemia]]. If left untreated, severe [[infection]] can result in Trichuris [[dysentery]] syndrome associated with heavy infection. Complications of heavy whipworm infection include chronic [[Dysentery|dysentry]], [[rectal prolapse]] and [[growth retardation]]. [[Prognosis]] is excellent with [[Antihelminthic|antihelminthic treatment]] and complete recovery occurs in 1 to 2 weeks. | ||
==Natural History, Prognosis and Complications== | ==Natural History, Prognosis and Complications== | ||
===Natural History=== | ===Natural History=== | ||
[[Whipworm infection]] in majority of people causes no clinical symptoms, but a severe infection can cause [[abdominal pain]], [[diarrhea]], [[constipation]], [[weight loss]], and [[anemia]].<ref name="pmid16830393">{{cite journal| author=Tokmak N, Koc Z, Ulusan S, Koltas IS, Bal N| title=Computed tomographic findings of trichuriasis. | journal=World J Gastroenterol | year= 2006 | volume= 12 | issue= 26 | pages= 4270-2 | pmid=16830393 | doi= | pmc=4087392 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16830393 }} </ref> If left untreated, severe infection can result in Trichuris [[dysentery]] syndrome associated with heavy infection. It presents with features of chronic [[dysentery]], [[rectal prolapse]], [[Anemia|anaemia]], poor growth, and [[clubbing]] of the finger nails.<ref name="StephensonHolland2001">{{cite journal|last1=Stephenson|first1=L.S.|last2=Holland|first2=C.V.|last3=Cooper|first3=E.S.|title=The public health significance of Trichuris trichiura|journal=Parasitology|volume=121|issue=S1|year=2001|pages=S73|issn=0031-1820|doi=10.1017/S0031182000006867}}</ref><ref name="pmid15605023">{{cite journal| author=Elsayed S, Yilmaz A, Hershfield N| title=Trichuris trichiura worm infection. | journal=Gastrointest Endosc | year= 2004 | volume= 60 | issue= 6 | pages= 990-1 | pmid=15605023 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15605023 }} </ref> | [[Whipworm infection]] in majority of people causes no clinical symptoms, but a severe infection can cause [[abdominal pain]], [[diarrhea]], [[constipation]], [[weight loss]], and [[anemia]].<ref name="pmid16830393">{{cite journal| author=Tokmak N, Koc Z, Ulusan S, Koltas IS, Bal N| title=Computed tomographic findings of trichuriasis. | journal=World J Gastroenterol | year= 2006 | volume= 12 | issue= 26 | pages= 4270-2 | pmid=16830393 | doi= | pmc=4087392 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16830393 }} </ref> If left untreated, severe infection can result in [[Trichuris trichiura|Trichuris]] [[dysentery]] syndrome associated with heavy infection. It presents with features of chronic [[dysentery]], [[rectal prolapse]], [[Anemia|anaemia]], poor growth, and [[clubbing]] of the finger nails.<ref name="StephensonHolland2001">{{cite journal|last1=Stephenson|first1=L.S.|last2=Holland|first2=C.V.|last3=Cooper|first3=E.S.|title=The public health significance of Trichuris trichiura|journal=Parasitology|volume=121|issue=S1|year=2001|pages=S73|issn=0031-1820|doi=10.1017/S0031182000006867}}</ref><ref name="pmid15605023">{{cite journal| author=Elsayed S, Yilmaz A, Hershfield N| title=Trichuris trichiura worm infection. | journal=Gastrointest Endosc | year= 2004 | volume= 60 | issue= 6 | pages= 990-1 | pmid=15605023 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15605023 }} </ref> | ||
===Complications=== | ===Complications=== | ||
| Line 15: | Line 15: | ||
*Chronic [[dysentery]] | *Chronic [[dysentery]] | ||
*[[Rectal prolapse]] | *[[Rectal prolapse]] | ||
*Growth retardation | *[[Growth retardation]] | ||
*[[Anemia]] | *[[Anemia]] | ||
*[[Malnutrition]] | *[[Malnutrition]] | ||
===Prognosis=== | ===Prognosis=== | ||
Prognosis of | [[Prognosis]] of trichuriasis is excellent with [[Antihelminthic|anti-helminthic]] treatment. All the patients recover completely with treatment. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 13:31, 26 July 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aravind Kuchkuntla, M.B.B.S[2]
Overview
Whipworm infection in majority of people causes no clinical symptoms, but a severe infection can cause abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation, weight loss, and anemia. If left untreated, severe infection can result in Trichuris dysentery syndrome associated with heavy infection. Complications of heavy whipworm infection include chronic dysentry, rectal prolapse and growth retardation. Prognosis is excellent with antihelminthic treatment and complete recovery occurs in 1 to 2 weeks.
Natural History, Prognosis and Complications
Natural History
Whipworm infection in majority of people causes no clinical symptoms, but a severe infection can cause abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation, weight loss, and anemia.[1] If left untreated, severe infection can result in Trichuris dysentery syndrome associated with heavy infection. It presents with features of chronic dysentery, rectal prolapse, anaemia, poor growth, and clubbing of the finger nails.[2][3]
Complications
In patients with heavy infection, following complications may develop:[2][4]
Prognosis
Prognosis of trichuriasis is excellent with anti-helminthic treatment. All the patients recover completely with treatment.
References
- ↑ Tokmak N, Koc Z, Ulusan S, Koltas IS, Bal N (2006). "Computed tomographic findings of trichuriasis". World J Gastroenterol. 12 (26): 4270–2. PMC 4087392. PMID 16830393.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Stephenson, L.S.; Holland, C.V.; Cooper, E.S. (2001). "The public health significance of Trichuris trichiura". Parasitology. 121 (S1): S73. doi:10.1017/S0031182000006867. ISSN 0031-1820.
- ↑ Elsayed S, Yilmaz A, Hershfield N (2004). "Trichuris trichiura worm infection". Gastrointest Endosc. 60 (6): 990–1. PMID 15605023.
- ↑ Kim JB, Seo KI, Moon W (2017). "Trichuris trichiura Infection in North Korean Defector Resulted in Chronic Abdominal Pain and Growth Retardation". Korean J Gastroenterol. 69 (4): 243–247. doi:10.4166/kjg.2017.69.4.243. PMID 28449427.