Chronic diarrhea causes: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Depending on the socio economic status of the population, chronic diarrhea can be caused by several factors. In a developing nation, the most likely causes of chronic diarrhea include; [[Mycobacterium|mycobacterial]] and [[parasitic infections]] and less likely to include functional disorders such as [[malabsorption]] and [[Inflammatory bowel disease|inflammatory bowel diseases]]. In a developed nation however, the most likely cause of diarrhea include; [[irritable bowel syndrome]] (IBS), [[inflammatory bowel disease]], [[Malabsorption syndrome|malabsorption syndromes]] (such as [[lactose intolerance]] and [[celiac disease]]), and chronic infections (particularly in patients who are [[immunocompromised]]). | Depending on the socio economic status of the [[population]], chronic [[diarrhea]] can be caused by several factors. In a developing nation, the most likely causes of chronic [[diarrhea]] include; [[Mycobacterium|mycobacterial]] and [[parasitic infections]] and less likely to include functional disorders such as [[malabsorption]] and [[Inflammatory bowel disease|inflammatory bowel diseases]]. In a developed nation however, the most likely cause of [[diarrhea]] include; [[irritable bowel syndrome]] (IBS), [[inflammatory bowel disease]], [[Malabsorption syndrome|malabsorption syndromes]] (such as [[lactose intolerance]] and [[celiac disease]]), and chronic infections (particularly in patients who are [[immunocompromised]]). | ||
===Life threatening causes=== | ===Life threatening causes=== | ||
There are no life-threatening causes of chronic diarrhea, however complications resulting from untreated chronic diarrhea is common. | There are no life-threatening causes of chronic [[diarrhea]], however complications resulting from untreated chronic [[diarrhea]] is common. | ||
===Common causes=== | ===Common causes=== | ||
There following are some of the common causes of chronic diarrhea:<ref name="pmid20417725">{{cite journal| author=Jamma S, Rubio-Tapia A, Kelly CP, Murray J, Najarian R, Sheth S et al.| title=Celiac crisis is a rare but serious complication of celiac disease in adults. | journal=Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol | year= 2010 | volume= 8 | issue= 7 | pages= 587-90 | pmid=20417725 | doi=10.1016/j.cgh.2010.04.009 | pmc=2900539 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20417725 }} </ref><ref name="pmid698649">{{cite journal| author=Manning AP, Thompson WG, Heaton KW, Morris AF| title=Towards positive diagnosis of the irritable bowel. | journal=Br Med J | year= 1978 | volume= 2 | issue= 6138 | pages= 653-4 | pmid=698649 | doi= | pmc=1607467 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=698649 }} </ref><ref name="pmid381094">{{cite journal| author=Mekhjian HS, Switz DM, Melnyk CS, Rankin GB, Brooks RK| title=Clinical features and natural history of Crohn's disease. | journal=Gastroenterology | year= 1979 | volume= 77 | issue= 4 Pt 2 | pages= 898-906 | pmid=381094 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=381094 }} </ref><ref name="pmid16151544">{{cite journal| author=Silverberg MS, Satsangi J, Ahmad T, Arnott ID, Bernstein CN, Brant SR et al.| title=Toward an integrated clinical, molecular and serological classification of inflammatory bowel disease: report of a Working Party of the 2005 Montreal World Congress of Gastroenterology. | journal=Can J Gastroenterol | year= 2005 | volume= 19 Suppl A | issue= | pages= 5A-36A | pmid=16151544 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16151544 }} </ref><ref name="pmid7615277">{{cite journal| author=Veress B, Löfberg R, Bergman L| title=Microscopic colitis syndrome. | journal=Gut | year= 1995 | volume= 36 | issue= 6 | pages= 880-6 | pmid=7615277 | doi= | pmc=1382626 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7615277 }} </ref> | There following are some of the common causes of chronic [[diarrhea]]:<ref name="pmid20417725">{{cite journal| author=Jamma S, Rubio-Tapia A, Kelly CP, Murray J, Najarian R, Sheth S et al.| title=Celiac crisis is a rare but serious complication of celiac disease in adults. | journal=Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol | year= 2010 | volume= 8 | issue= 7 | pages= 587-90 | pmid=20417725 | doi=10.1016/j.cgh.2010.04.009 | pmc=2900539 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20417725 }} </ref><ref name="pmid698649">{{cite journal| author=Manning AP, Thompson WG, Heaton KW, Morris AF| title=Towards positive diagnosis of the irritable bowel. | journal=Br Med J | year= 1978 | volume= 2 | issue= 6138 | pages= 653-4 | pmid=698649 | doi= | pmc=1607467 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=698649 }} </ref><ref name="pmid381094">{{cite journal| author=Mekhjian HS, Switz DM, Melnyk CS, Rankin GB, Brooks RK| title=Clinical features and natural history of Crohn's disease. | journal=Gastroenterology | year= 1979 | volume= 77 | issue= 4 Pt 2 | pages= 898-906 | pmid=381094 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=381094 }} </ref><ref name="pmid16151544">{{cite journal| author=Silverberg MS, Satsangi J, Ahmad T, Arnott ID, Bernstein CN, Brant SR et al.| title=Toward an integrated clinical, molecular and serological classification of inflammatory bowel disease: report of a Working Party of the 2005 Montreal World Congress of Gastroenterology. | journal=Can J Gastroenterol | year= 2005 | volume= 19 Suppl A | issue= | pages= 5A-36A | pmid=16151544 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16151544 }} </ref><ref name="pmid7615277">{{cite journal| author=Veress B, Löfberg R, Bergman L| title=Microscopic colitis syndrome. | journal=Gut | year= 1995 | volume= 36 | issue= 6 | pages= 880-6 | pmid=7615277 | doi= | pmc=1382626 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7615277 }} </ref> | ||
*'''[[Celiac disease|Malabsorption]]''' | *'''[[Celiac disease|Malabsorption]]''' | ||
**[[Cystic fibrosis]] | **[[Cystic fibrosis]] | ||
Revision as of 16:49, 28 July 2017
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Chronic diarrhea Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Omodamola Aje B.Sc, M.D. [2]
Overview
Depending on the socio economic status of the population, chronic diarrhea can be caused by several factors. In a developing nation, the most likely causes of chronic diarrhea include; mycobacterial and parasitic infections and less likely to include functional disorders such as malabsorption and inflammatory bowel diseases. In a developed nation however, the most likely cause of diarrhea include; irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease, malabsorption syndromes (such as lactose intolerance and celiac disease), and chronic infections (particularly in patients who are immunocompromised).
Life threatening causes
There are no life-threatening causes of chronic diarrhea, however complications resulting from untreated chronic diarrhea is common.
Common causes
There following are some of the common causes of chronic diarrhea:[1][2][3][4][5]
- Malabsorption
- Irritable bowel syndrome
- Inflammatory bowel disease
- Microscopic colitis
- Gastrointestinal infections
- Anatomic abnormalities
- Intussusception
- Hirschsprung's disease (with and without toxic megacolon)
- Partial bowel obstruction
- Blind loop syndrome (also in patients with dysmotility)
- Intestinal lymphangiectasis
- Short gut syndrome
- Immunodeficiency
- Severe combined immunodeficiency disorder and other genetic disorders
- HIV
- Endocrine diarrhea
- Addison disease
- Carcinoid tumors
- Vipoma
- Gastrinoma (Zollinger-Ellison syndrome)
- Mastocytosis or increased motility
- Hyperthyroidism
- Infectious enteritis or colitis (diarrhea not associated with C. difficile)
- Miscellaneous
- Antibiotic-associated diarrhea
- Pseudomembranous colitis
- Hemolytic uremic syndrome
- Neonatal drug withdrawal
Drugs that commonly cause diarrhea[6][7][8]
- Gastrointestinal drugs
- Magnesium containing antacids
- Laxatives
- Cisapride
- Olsalazine
- Cardiac drugs
- Antibiotics
- Chemotherapeutic agents
- Hypolipidemic agents
- Neuropsychiatric drugs
- Others
References
- ↑ Jamma S, Rubio-Tapia A, Kelly CP, Murray J, Najarian R, Sheth S; et al. (2010). "Celiac crisis is a rare but serious complication of celiac disease in adults". Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 8 (7): 587–90. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2010.04.009. PMC 2900539. PMID 20417725.
- ↑ Manning AP, Thompson WG, Heaton KW, Morris AF (1978). "Towards positive diagnosis of the irritable bowel". Br Med J. 2 (6138): 653–4. PMC 1607467. PMID 698649.
- ↑ Mekhjian HS, Switz DM, Melnyk CS, Rankin GB, Brooks RK (1979). "Clinical features and natural history of Crohn's disease". Gastroenterology. 77 (4 Pt 2): 898–906. PMID 381094.
- ↑ Silverberg MS, Satsangi J, Ahmad T, Arnott ID, Bernstein CN, Brant SR; et al. (2005). "Toward an integrated clinical, molecular and serological classification of inflammatory bowel disease: report of a Working Party of the 2005 Montreal World Congress of Gastroenterology". Can J Gastroenterol. 19 Suppl A: 5A–36A. PMID 16151544.
- ↑ Veress B, Löfberg R, Bergman L (1995). "Microscopic colitis syndrome". Gut. 36 (6): 880–6. PMC 1382626. PMID 7615277.
- ↑ Branski D, Lerner A, Lebenthal E (1996). "Chronic diarrhea and malabsorption". Pediatr Clin North Am. 43 (2): 307–31. PMID 8614603.
- ↑ Kroschinsky F, Stölzel F, von Bonin S, Beutel G, Kochanek M, Kiehl M; et al. (2017). "New drugs, new toxicities: severe side effects of modern targeted and immunotherapy of cancer and their management". Crit Care. 21 (1): 89. doi:10.1186/s13054-017-1678-1. PMC 5391608. PMID 28407743.
- ↑ Philip NA, Ahmed N, Pitchumoni CS (2017). "Spectrum of Drug-induced Chronic Diarrhea". J Clin Gastroenterol. 51 (2): 111–117. doi:10.1097/MCG.0000000000000752. PMID 28027072.