Diabetes insipidus history and symptoms: Difference between revisions
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==Symptoms== | ==Symptoms== | ||
Symptoms of diabetes insipidus are quite similar to those of untreated [[diabetes mellitus]], with the distinction that the urine is not sweet as it does not contain glucose and there is no [[hyperglycemia]] (elevated [[blood glucose]]). | Symptoms of diabetes insipidus are quite similar to those of untreated [[diabetes mellitus]], with the distinction that the urine is not sweet as it does not contain glucose and there is no [[hyperglycemia]] (elevated [[blood glucose]]). | ||
*Excessive urination and extreme thirst (especially for cold water) . | *Excessive [[urination]] and extreme thirst (especially for cold water). | ||
*[[Blurred vision]] | *[[Blurred vision|Blurry vision]] | ||
*Extreme [[urination]] that continues throughout the day and the night. | *Extreme [[urination]] that continues throughout the day and the night. | ||
In children, DI can interfere with [[appetite]], eating, [[Weight gain (patient information)|weight gain]], and [[human development (biology)|growth]] as well. They may present with:<ref name="pmid11018166">{{cite journal |vauthors=Maghnie M, Cosi G, Genovese E, Manca-Bitti ML, Cohen A, Zecca S, Tinelli C, Gallucci M, Bernasconi S, Boscherini B, Severi F, Aricò M |title=Central diabetes insipidus in children and young adults |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=343 |issue=14 |pages=998–1007 |year=2000 |pmid=11018166 |doi=10.1056/NEJM200010053431403 |url=}}</ref> | In children, DI can interfere with [[appetite]], eating, [[Weight gain (patient information)|weight gain]], and [[human development (biology)|growth]] as well. They may present with:<ref name="pmid11018166">{{cite journal |vauthors=Maghnie M, Cosi G, Genovese E, Manca-Bitti ML, Cohen A, Zecca S, Tinelli C, Gallucci M, Bernasconi S, Boscherini B, Severi F, Aricò M |title=Central diabetes insipidus in children and young adults |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=343 |issue=14 |pages=998–1007 |year=2000 |pmid=11018166 |doi=10.1056/NEJM200010053431403 |url=}}</ref> | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Omodamola Aje B.Sc, M.D. [2]
Overview
Clinical examination may provide important clues to possible underlying diagnoses. The age at which symptoms develop together with the pattern of fluid intake, may influence subsequent investigation of diabetes insipidus. The primary symptoms are persistent polyuria and polydipsia, and young children may have severe dehydration, vomiting, constipation, fever, irritability, sleep disturbance, failure to thrive and growth retardation.
History
It is important to ask questions about the onset and presentation of the diabetes. Some of the useful information to obtain in the history of DI include:[1]
- Polyuria, urine output exceeding 3 L/day in adults or 2 L/m2 in children
- Polydipsia
- Nocturia
- Family history
Symptoms
Symptoms of diabetes insipidus are quite similar to those of untreated diabetes mellitus, with the distinction that the urine is not sweet as it does not contain glucose and there is no hyperglycemia (elevated blood glucose).
- Excessive urination and extreme thirst (especially for cold water).
- Blurry vision
- Extreme urination that continues throughout the day and the night.
In children, DI can interfere with appetite, eating, weight gain, and growth as well. They may present with:[2]
Adults with untreated DI may remain healthy for decades as long as enough water is drunk to offset the urinary losses. However, there is a continuous risk of dehydration.
References
- ↑ Kimmel DW, O'Neill BP (1983). "Systemic cancer presenting as diabetes insipidus. Clinical and radiographic features of 11 patients with a review of metastatic-induced diabetes insipidus". Cancer. 52 (12): 2355–8. PMID 6640507.
- ↑ Maghnie M, Cosi G, Genovese E, Manca-Bitti ML, Cohen A, Zecca S, Tinelli C, Gallucci M, Bernasconi S, Boscherini B, Severi F, Aricò M (2000). "Central diabetes insipidus in children and young adults". N. Engl. J. Med. 343 (14): 998–1007. doi:10.1056/NEJM200010053431403. PMID 11018166.