Risk factors associated with ischemic colitis listed below:<ref name="pmid25559486">{{cite journal |vauthors=Brandt LJ, Feuerstadt P, Longstreth GF, Boley SJ |title=ACG clinical guideline: epidemiology, risk factors, patterns of presentation, diagnosis, and management of colon ischemia (CI) |journal=Am. J. Gastroenterol. |volume=110 |issue=1 |pages=18–44; quiz 45 |year=2015 |pmid=25559486 |doi=10.1038/ajg.2014.395 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid17919313">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chang L, Kahler KH, Sarawate C, Quimbo R, Kralstein J |title=Assessment of potential risk factors associated with ischaemic colitis |journal=Neurogastroenterol. Motil. |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=36–42 |year=2008 |pmid=17919313 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2982.2007.01015.x |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid19765672">{{cite journal |vauthors=Longstreth GF, Yao JF |title=Diseases and drugs that increase risk of acute large bowel ischemia |journal=Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=49–54 |year=2010 |pmid=19765672 |doi=10.1016/j.cgh.2009.09.006 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid">{{cite journal |vauthors=Moszkowicz D, Mariani A, Trésallet C, Menegaux F |title=Ischemic colitis: the ABCs of diagnosis and surgical management |journal=J Visc Surg |volume=150 |issue=1 |pages=19–28 |year=2013 |pmid= |doi=10.1016/j.jviscsurg.2013.01.002 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid18572356">{{cite journal |vauthors=Perry RJ, Martin MJ, Eckert MJ, Sohn VY, Steele SR |title=Colonic ischemia complicating open vs endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair |journal=J. Vasc. Surg. |volume=48 |issue=2 |pages=272–7 |year=2008 |pmid=18572356 |doi=10.1016/j.jvs.2008.03.040 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hagihara PF, Ernst CB, Griffen WO |title=Incidence of ischemic colitis following abdominal aortic reconstruction |journal=Surg Gynecol Obstet |volume=149 |issue=4 |pages=571–3 |year=1979 |pmid= |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid1844392">{{cite journal |vauthors=Brewster DC, Franklin DP, Cambria RP, Darling RC, Moncure AC, Lamuraglia GM, Stone WM, Abbott WM |title=Intestinal ischemia complicating abdominal aortic surgery |journal=Surgery |volume=109 |issue=4 |pages=447–54 |year=1991 |pmid=1844392 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid10917470">{{cite journal |vauthors=Fitzgerald T, Kim D, Karakozis S, Alam H, Provido H, Kirkpatrick J |title=Visceral ischemia after cardiopulmonary bypass |journal=Am Surg |volume=66 |issue=7 |pages=623–6 |year=2000 |pmid=10917470 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid10625237">{{cite journal |vauthors=John AS, Tuerff SD, Kerstein MD |title=Nonocclusive mesenteric infarction in hemodialysis patients |journal=J. Am. Coll. Surg. |volume=190 |issue=1 |pages=84–8 |year=2000 |pmid=10625237 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid18524690">{{cite journal |vauthors=Theodoropoulou A, Sfiridaki A, Oustamanolakis P, Vardas E, Livadiotaki A, Boumpaki A, Paspatis G, Koutroubakis IE |title=Genetic risk factors in young patients with ischemic colitis |journal=Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. |volume=6 |issue=8 |pages=907–11 |year=2008 |pmid=18524690 |doi=10.1016/j.cgh.2008.03.010 |url=}}</ref>
Risk factors associated with ischemic colitis are:<ref name="pmid">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hagihara PF, Ernst CB, Griffen WO |title=Incidence of ischemic colitis following abdominal aortic reconstruction |journal=Surg Gynecol Obstet |volume=149 |issue=4 |pages=571–3 |year=1979 |pmid= |doi= |url=}}</ref>
Cardiovascular/pulmonary:
=== Cardiovascular and pulmonary ===
* Atherosclerosis
* Atrial fibrillation
* Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
* Cerebrovascular disease
* Congestive heart failure or ischemic heart disease
* Congestive heart failure
* Hypertension
* Hypotension
* Ischemic heart disease
* Peripheral vascular disease
* Shock
Atherosclerosis
=== Gastrointestinal ===
Atrial fibrillation
* Constipation
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
* Diarrhea
Cerebrovascular disease
* Irritable bowel syndrome
Congestive heart failure or ischemic heart disease
Congestive heart failure
Hypertension
Hypotension
Ischemic heart disease
Peripheral vascular disease
Shock
Gastrointestinal
=== Miscellaneous ===
Constipation
* Diabetes
Diarrhea
* Dyslipidemia
Irritable bowel syndrome
* Rheumatoid arthritis
* Systemic rheumatologic disorders
* Hemodialysis
* Thrombophilia including deficiencies of factor V Leiden mutation, protein C, protein S, and antithrombin III.
Miscellaneous
=== Surgical history ===
Diabetes
* Abdominal surgery
Dyslipidemia
** Aortic surgery
Rheumatoid arthritis
Systemic rheumatologic disorders
Hemodialysis
Thrombophilia including deficiencies of protein C, protein S, antithrombin III, and factor V Leiden mutation (21, 45, 50). catastrophic” variant of the antiphospholipid syndrome
Surgical history
Abdominal surgery
Aortic surgery
** Abdominal aortic aneurysm repair, particularly ruptured aneurysm forms
** Abdominal aortic aneurysm repair, particularly ruptured aneurysm forms
** Endovascular therapies
** Endovascular therapies
** Aortic catheterization
** Aortic catheterization
Cardiovascular surgery
** Cardiopulmonary bypass
Ileostomy
Laparoscopy
Prior colon carcinoma
Drugs:<ref name="pmid19765672">{{cite journal |vauthors=Longstreth GF, Yao JF |title=Diseases and drugs that increase risk of acute large bowel ischemia |journal=Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=49–54 |year=2010 |pmid=19765672 |doi=10.1016/j.cgh.2009.09.006 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid21029350">{{cite journal |vauthors=Zhou Q, Fillingim RB, Riley JL, Verne GN |title=Ischemic hypersensitivity in irritable bowel syndrome patients |journal=Pain Med |volume=11 |issue=11 |pages=1619–27 |year=2010 |pmid=21029350 |pmc=2972369 |doi=10.1111/j.1526-4637.2010.00954.x |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid15180742">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cappell MS |title=Colonic toxicity of administered drugs and chemicals |journal=Am. J. Gastroenterol. |volume=99 |issue=6 |pages=1175–90 |year=2004 |pmid=15180742 |doi=10.1111/j.1572-0241.2004.30192.x |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid23535814">{{cite journal |vauthors=Salk A, Stobaugh DJ, Deepak P, Ehrenpreis ED |title=Ischemic colitis with type I interferons used in the treatment of hepatitis C and multiple sclerosis: an evaluation from the food and drug administration adverse event reporting system and review of the literature |journal=Ann Pharmacother |volume=47 |issue=4 |pages=537–42 |year=2013 |pmid=23535814 |doi=10.1345/aph.1R526 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid22482921">{{cite journal |vauthors=Elramah M, Einstein M, Mori N, Vakil N |title=High mortality of cocaine-related ischemic colitis: a hybrid cohort/case-control study |journal=Gastrointest. Endosc. |volume=75 |issue=6 |pages=1226–32 |year=2012 |pmid=22482921 |doi=10.1016/j.gie.2012.02.016 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25908180">{{cite journal |vauthors=Vernay J |title=Quetiapine-induced ischemic colitis. A case report |journal=Presse Med |volume=44 |issue=5 |pages=538–41 |year=2015 |pmid=25908180 |doi=10.1016/j.lpm.2015.02.015 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25881718">{{cite journal |vauthors=Fonseka GR, Kurchin A |title=Case Report: Rizatriptan-Induced Ischemic Colitis |journal=Headache |volume=55 |issue=7 |pages=1008–9 |year=2015 |pmid=25881718 |doi=10.1111/head.12543 |url=}}</ref>
* Cardiovascular surgery, cardiopulmonary bypass
* Ileostomy
* Laparoscopy
* Prior colon carcinoma
== Less Common Risk Factors ==
=== Drugs ===
Medications that may be associated with ischemic colitis are:<ref name="pmid19765672">{{cite journal |vauthors=Longstreth GF, Yao JF |title=Diseases and drugs that increase risk of acute large bowel ischemia |journal=Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=49–54 |year=2010 |pmid=19765672 |doi=10.1016/j.cgh.2009.09.006 |url=}}</ref>
* Digitalis
* Diuretics
* Cocaine
* Estrogens
* Danazol
* NSAIDs
* Tegaserod
* Vasoactive substances
* Paclitaxel and carboplatin
* Sumatriptan
* Antipsychotics
* Simvastatin
* Quetiapine
* Rizatriptan
Alosetron
Renal disease<ref name="pmid19765672">{{cite journal |vauthors=Longstreth GF, Yao JF |title=Diseases and drugs that increase risk of acute large bowel ischemia |journal=Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=49–54 |year=2010 |pmid=19765672 |doi=10.1016/j.cgh.2009.09.006 |url=}}</ref>
Digitalis
Diuretics
Cocaine
Estrogens
Danazol
NSAIDs
Tegaserod
Vasoactive substances
Paclitaxel and carboplatin
Sumatriptan
Antipsychotics
Simvastatin
Quetiapine
Rizatriptan
== Less Common Risk Factors ==
Renal disease <ref name="pmid19765672">{{cite journal |vauthors=Longstreth GF, Yao JF |title=Diseases and drugs that increase risk of acute large bowel ischemia |journal=Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=49–54 |year=2010 |pmid=19765672 |doi=10.1016/j.cgh.2009.09.006 |url=}}</ref>
Extreme exercise
Extreme exercise
Mesenteric arteriovenous fistula or malformation<ref name="pmid18521673">{{cite journal |vauthors=Metcalf DR, Nivatvongs S, Andrews JC |title=Ischemic colitis: an unusual case of inferior mesenteric arteriovenous fistula causing venous hypertension. Report of a case |journal=Dis. Colon Rectum |volume=51 |issue=9 |pages=1422–4 |year=2008 |pmid=18521673 |doi=10.1007/s10350-008-9377-2 |url=}}</ref>
↑Hagihara PF, Ernst CB, Griffen WO (1979). "Incidence of ischemic colitis following abdominal aortic reconstruction". Surg Gynecol Obstet. 149 (4): 571–3.
↑ 2.02.1Longstreth GF, Yao JF (2010). "Diseases and drugs that increase risk of acute large bowel ischemia". Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 8 (1): 49–54. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2009.09.006. PMID19765672.
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