Diabetic ketoacidosis laboratory findings: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 15:44, 10 August 2017

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

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LAB	FORMULA/ VARIABLE	PURPOSE	NORMAL VALUE	VALUE IN DKA
Arterial blood gas	Blood pH	Evaluation of acid-base status of the body	7.35-7.45	<7.3
	Serum bicarbonate		22-26 mEq/L	<18 mEq/L
	Arterial CO2		35-45 mmHg	Decreased secondary to hyperventilation as a compensation to metabolic acidosis
	Arterial O2		75-100 mmHg	Within normal range unless there is concomitant respiratory infection e.g. pneumonia leading to hypoxia)
Anion gap	Na– (Cl + HCO3)	Evaluation of acid base disorders	7 to 13 mEq/L (7 to 13 mmol/L)	Increased (>10 mEq/L required for diagnosis)
Osmolar gap	Osmolality (measured) – osmolality (calculated)	Difference between measured osmolality and calculated osmolality	< 10 mmol/L	Increased
Serum osmolality	2(Na + K) + (glucose/18) + (blood urea nitrogen/2.8)	Measure of particles in a fluid compartment	285 to 295 mOsm/kg (285 to 295 mmol/kg) of water	Increased
Serum sodium correction	Na + 0.016(glucose – 100)	Hyperglycemia causes pseudohyponatremia	135 to 140 mEq per L (135 to 140 mmol per L)	N/A
Blood urea nitrogen, creatinine levels	N/A	To assess renal function	7-20 mg/dl 0.8-1.2mg/dl	Increased (Dehydration and decreased renal perfusion)
Complete blood count (with differential)	N/A	Assess infection To rule out pancreatitis		Increased

The following deficits may be seen in mild DKA:^[1]

↑ Kitabchi AE, Umpierrez GE, Murphy MB, Barrett EJ, Kreisberg RA, Malone JI, Wall BM (2001). "Management of hyperglycemic crises in patients with diabetes". Diabetes Care. 24 (1): 131–53. PMID 11194218.

@@ Line 108: / Line 108: @@
 * Increased
 |}
+=== Deficits in diabetic ketoacidosis ===
+The following deficits may be seen in mild DKA:<ref name="pmid11194218">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kitabchi AE, Umpierrez GE, Murphy MB, Barrett EJ, Kreisberg RA, Malone JI, Wall BM |title=Management of hyperglycemic crises in patients with diabetes |journal=Diabetes Care |volume=24 |issue=1 |pages=131–53 |year=2001 |pmid=11194218 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
+* Total water (L): 6
+* Water (mL/kg): 100
+* Na+ (mEq/kg): 7 to 10
+* Cl- (mEq/kg): 3 to 5
+* K+ (mEq/kg): 3 to 5
+* PO4 (mmol/kg): 5 to 7
+* Mg++ (mEq/kg): 1 to 2
+* Ca++ (mEq/kg): 1 to 2
 ==References==