Psittacosis laboratory tests: Difference between revisions
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===Electrolyte and Biomarker Studies<ref name="pmid2401812">{{cite journal| author=Kuwabara M, Tanemori N, Kawaguti Y, Nakamura K, Nomiyama S, Terada M et al.| title=[Clinical features of 36 cases of psittacosis]. | journal=Kansenshogaku Zasshi | year= 1990 | volume= 64 | issue= 4 | pages= 498-503 | pmid=2401812 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2401812 }} </ref><ref name="pmid3062725">{{cite journal| author=Sahn SA| title=Pleural effusions in the atypical pneumonias. | journal=Semin Respir Infect | year= 1988 | volume= 3 | issue= 4 | pages= 322-34 | pmid=3062725 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3062725 }} </ref><ref name="pmid3343952">{{cite journal| author=Yung AP, Grayson ML| title=Psittacosis--a review of 135 cases. | journal=Med J Aust | year= 1988 | volume= 148 | issue= 5 | pages= 228-33 | pmid=3343952 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3343952 }} </ref><ref name="pmid2273272">{{cite journal| author=Crosse BA| title=Psittacosis: a clinical review. | journal=J Infect | year= 1990 | volume= 21 | issue= 3 | pages= 251-9 | pmid=2273272 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2273272 }} </ref>=== | ===Electrolyte and Biomarker Studies<ref name="pmid2401812">{{cite journal| author=Kuwabara M, Tanemori N, Kawaguti Y, Nakamura K, Nomiyama S, Terada M et al.| title=[Clinical features of 36 cases of psittacosis]. | journal=Kansenshogaku Zasshi | year= 1990 | volume= 64 | issue= 4 | pages= 498-503 | pmid=2401812 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2401812 }} </ref><ref name="pmid3062725">{{cite journal| author=Sahn SA| title=Pleural effusions in the atypical pneumonias. | journal=Semin Respir Infect | year= 1988 | volume= 3 | issue= 4 | pages= 322-34 | pmid=3062725 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3062725 }} </ref><ref name="pmid3343952">{{cite journal| author=Yung AP, Grayson ML| title=Psittacosis--a review of 135 cases. | journal=Med J Aust | year= 1988 | volume= 148 | issue= 5 | pages= 228-33 | pmid=3343952 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3343952 }} </ref><ref name="pmid2273272">{{cite journal| author=Crosse BA| title=Psittacosis: a clinical review. | journal=J Infect | year= 1990 | volume= 21 | issue= 3 | pages= 251-9 | pmid=2273272 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2273272 }} </ref>=== | ||
* [[Leukocytosis]] | * [[Leukocytosis]] | ||
* | * Increased [[ESR]] | ||
* | * Increased [[CRP]] | ||
* [[Liver enzymes]] | * Elevated [[Liver enzymes]] | ||
* Rise in creatinine kinase | * Rise in creatinine kinase | ||
* [[Hyponatremia]] may be noticed | * [[Hyponatremia]] may be noticed | ||
Revision as of 16:45, 14 August 2017
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Psittacosis Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Psittacosis laboratory tests On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Psittacosis laboratory tests |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Psittacosis laboratory tests |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aditya Govindavarjhulla, M.B.B.S. [2]Omodamola Aje B.Sc, M.D. [3]
Overview
Exposure history is critical to diagnosis. In psittacosis patients, complete blood count shows leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and moderately elevated liver enzymes.
Laboratory Findings
Electrolyte and Biomarker Studies[1][2][3][4]
- Leukocytosis
- Increased ESR
- Increased CRP
- Elevated Liver enzymes
- Rise in creatinine kinase
- Hyponatremia may be noticed
- Rise in blood urea nitrogen levels
- Urinalysis may show proteinuria
Culture
- Culture of C. psittaci is demanding and requires a level 3 laboratory isolation facility because of the risk of laboratory transmission, so it is rarely performed.
- Microbiological cultures from respiratory secretions.
- Culture of Chlamydia psittaci is hazardous and should only be carried out in biosafety laboratories.
- It is a tedious process and seldom done.
Serology
Serology is the principal method of confirming the diagnosis of C. psittaci. There are two types of serologic tests available:
- Microimmunofluorescent antibody test (MIF): The MIF test is the most sensitive and specific serologic test for C. psittaci but is only available in special laboratories.
- Complement fixation (CF): It is the most widely available test but cannot differentiate among the chlamydial species.
Nucleic Acid Amplification
- PCR techniques have been utilized in outbreaks for several years and can give a rapid, specific diagnosis, which is particularly important in severe infection.
Monoclonal antibody techniques
- More research is needed to support the efficacy and sensitivity of monoclonal antibody tests.
References
- ↑ Kuwabara M, Tanemori N, Kawaguti Y, Nakamura K, Nomiyama S, Terada M; et al. (1990). "[Clinical features of 36 cases of psittacosis]". Kansenshogaku Zasshi. 64 (4): 498–503. PMID 2401812.
- ↑ Sahn SA (1988). "Pleural effusions in the atypical pneumonias". Semin Respir Infect. 3 (4): 322–34. PMID 3062725.
- ↑ Yung AP, Grayson ML (1988). "Psittacosis--a review of 135 cases". Med J Aust. 148 (5): 228–33. PMID 3343952.
- ↑ Crosse BA (1990). "Psittacosis: a clinical review". J Infect. 21 (3): 251–9. PMID 2273272.