Acromegaly causes: Difference between revisions
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Acromegaly may be caused by: | Acromegaly may be caused by: | ||
*[[Pituitary adenoma]]:<ref name="pmid6354702" /> | *[[Pituitary adenoma]]:<ref name="pmid6354702" /> | ||
**The | **The [[Pituitary adenoma]] is a [[benign tumor]] in the [[pituitary gland]] and it resembles the most common cause of acromegaly. | ||
**The | **The [[Pituitary adenoma]] is responsible for excessive secretion of the growth hormone and the [[IGF-1|insulin like growth factor-1]]. | ||
**Some of the pituitary adenomas have a slow progression and may not be noticed for years. | **Some of the [[Pituitary adenoma|pituitary adenomas]] have a slow progression and may not be noticed for years. | ||
*Other types of pituitary | *Other types of [[Pituitary adenoma|pituitary adenomas]] causing acromegaly: | ||
**Mixed [[growth hormone]] and [[Prolactinoma|prolactin cell adenomas]] | **Mixed [[growth hormone]] and [[Prolactinoma|prolactin cell adenomas]] | ||
**[[Acidophil]] [[stem cell]] [[adenomas]] | **[[Acidophil]] [[stem cell]] [[adenomas]] | ||
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===Less Common Causes=== | ===Less Common Causes=== | ||
Less common causes of acromegaly include:<ref name="pmid6354702">{{cite journal| author=Melmed S, Braunstein GD, Horvath E, Ezrin C, Kovacs K| title=Pathophysiology of acromegaly. | journal=Endocr Rev | year= 1983 | volume= 4 | issue= 3 | pages= 271-90 | pmid=6354702 | doi=10.1210/edrv-4-3-271 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=6354702 }}</ref> | Less common causes of acromegaly include:<ref name="pmid6354702">{{cite journal| author=Melmed S, Braunstein GD, Horvath E, Ezrin C, Kovacs K| title=Pathophysiology of acromegaly. | journal=Endocr Rev | year= 1983 | volume= 4 | issue= 3 | pages= 271-90 | pmid=6354702 | doi=10.1210/edrv-4-3-271 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=6354702 }}</ref> | ||
*Hypothalamic tumors which secrete | *[[Hypothalamus|Hypothalamic]] tumors which secrete growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH). | ||
*[[Ectopic tumor]] secretion of [[GHRH]]. These tumors include the following: | *[[Ectopic tumor]] secretion of [[GHRH]]. These tumors include the following: | ||
**[[Small cell lung cancer]] | **[[Small cell lung cancer]] | ||
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===Genetic Causes=== | ===Genetic Causes=== | ||
*Acromegaly is caused by a [[mutation]] in the guanine nucleotide stimulatory [[protein]] [[gene]] which is responsible for [[pituitary adenomas]].<ref name="pmid2549426">{{cite journal| author=Landis CA, Masters SB, Spada A, Pace AM, Bourne HR, Vallar L| title=GTPase inhibiting mutations activate the alpha chain of Gs and stimulate adenylyl cyclase in human pituitary tumours. | journal=Nature | year= 1989 | volume= 340 | issue= 6236 | pages= 692-6 | pmid=2549426 | doi=10.1038/340692a0 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2549426 }} </ref> | *Acromegaly is caused by a [[mutation]] in the guanine nucleotide stimulatory [[protein]] [[gene]] which is responsible for [[pituitary adenomas]].<ref name="pmid2549426">{{cite journal| author=Landis CA, Masters SB, Spada A, Pace AM, Bourne HR, Vallar L| title=GTPase inhibiting mutations activate the alpha chain of Gs and stimulate adenylyl cyclase in human pituitary tumours. | journal=Nature | year= 1989 | volume= 340 | issue= 6236 | pages= 692-6 | pmid=2549426 | doi=10.1038/340692a0 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2549426 }} </ref> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 12:29, 16 August 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmed Elsaiey, MBBCH [2]
Overview
Common causes of acromegaly include pituitary adenoma and acidophil stem cell adenomas. Less common causes of acromegaly include GHRH secreting tumors as hypothalamic tumors, small cell lung cancer, adrenal adenoma, and pheochromocytoma. Other causes include GH secreting tumors as lymphoma and pancreatic islet cell tumor.
Causes
Common Causes
Acromegaly may be caused by:
- Pituitary adenoma:[1]
- The Pituitary adenoma is a benign tumor in the pituitary gland and it resembles the most common cause of acromegaly.
- The Pituitary adenoma is responsible for excessive secretion of the growth hormone and the insulin like growth factor-1.
- Some of the pituitary adenomas have a slow progression and may not be noticed for years.
- Other types of pituitary adenomas causing acromegaly:
- Mixed growth hormone and prolactin cell adenomas
- Acidophil stem cell adenomas
- Mammosomatotroph cell adenomas
- Pleurihormonal adenomas
Less Common Causes
Less common causes of acromegaly include:[1]
- Hypothalamic tumors which secrete growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH).
- Ectopic tumor secretion of GHRH. These tumors include the following:
- Ectopic tumor secretion of GH. These tumors include the following:
Genetic Causes
- Acromegaly is caused by a mutation in the guanine nucleotide stimulatory protein gene which is responsible for pituitary adenomas.[2]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Melmed S, Braunstein GD, Horvath E, Ezrin C, Kovacs K (1983). "Pathophysiology of acromegaly". Endocr Rev. 4 (3): 271–90. doi:10.1210/edrv-4-3-271. PMID 6354702.
- ↑ Landis CA, Masters SB, Spada A, Pace AM, Bourne HR, Vallar L (1989). "GTPase inhibiting mutations activate the alpha chain of Gs and stimulate adenylyl cyclase in human pituitary tumours". Nature. 340 (6236): 692–6. doi:10.1038/340692a0. PMID 2549426.