Hyperprolactinemia differential diagnosis: Difference between revisions

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==Overview==
==Overview==
Hyperprolactinemia must be differentiated from other diseases that cause [[virilization]] and [[hirsutism]] in female. The differentials include 21-hydroxylase deficiency, 17-alpha hydroxylase deficiency, 11-β hydroxylase deficiency, 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency, polycystic ovary syndrome, adrenal tumors, ovarian virilizing tumors and cushing's syndrome .


==Differential Diagnosis==
==Differential Diagnosis==
Hyperprolactinemia must be differentiated from diseases that cause [[virilization]] and [[hirsutism]] in female:<ref name="pmid24830586">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hohl A, Ronsoni MF, Oliveira Md |title=Hirsutism: diagnosis and treatment |journal=Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol |volume=58 |issue=2 |pages=97–107 |year=2014 |pmid=24830586 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid10857554">{{cite journal |vauthors=White PC, Speiser PW |title=Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency |journal=Endocr. Rev. |volume=21 |issue=3 |pages=245–91 |year=2000 |pmid=10857554 |doi=10.1210/edrv.21.3.0398 |url=}}</ref><ref name="ISBN:978-0323297387">{{cite book | last = Melmed | first = Shlomo | title = Williams textbook of endocrinology | publisher = Elsevier | location = Philadelphia, PA | year = 2016 | isbn = 978-0323297387 }}=</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Disease name
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Steroid status
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Other laboratory
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Important clinical findings
|-
|Non-classic type of [[21-hydroxylase deficiency]]
|Increased:
* [[17-Hydroxyprogesterone|17-hydroxyprogesterone]]
* Exaggerated [[Androstenedione]], [[DHEA]], and [[17-Hydroxyprogesterone|17-hydroxyprogesterone]] in response to [[ACTH]]
|
* Low [[testosterone]] levels
|
* No symptoms in infancy and male
* [[Virilization]] in females
|-
|[[11β-hydroxylase deficiency|11-β hydroxylase deficiency]]
|Increased:
* DOC
* 11-Deoxy-[[Cortisol]]
Decreased:
* [[Cortisol]]
* [[Corticosterone]]
* [[Aldosterone]]
|
* Low [[testosterone]] levels
|
* [[Hypertension]] and [[hypokalemia]]
* [[Virilization]]
|-
|[[3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency]]
|Increased:
* [[DHEA]]
* [[17-hydroxypregnenolone]]
* [[Pregnenolone]]
Decreased:
* [[Cortisol]]
* [[Aldosterone]]
|
* Low [[testosterone]] levels
|
* Salt-wasting [[adrenal crisis]] in infancy
* Mild [[virilization]] of genetically female infants
* [[Undervirilization]] of genetically male infants, making it the only form of [[CAH]] which can cause [[ambiguous genitalia]] in both genetic sexes.
|-
|[[Polycystic ovary syndrome ]]
|
* High [[DHEAS]] and [[androstenedione]] levels
|
* Low [[testosterone]] levels
|
* [[Polycystic ovaries]] in sonography
* [[Obesity]]
* [[PCOS]] is the most common cause of [[hirsutism]] in women
* No evidence another diagnosis
|-
|[[Adrenal tumors]]
|
* Variable levels depends on [[tumor]] type
|
* Low [[testosterone]] level
|
* Older age
* Rapidly progressive symptoms
|-
|Ovarian [[virilizing]] tumor
|
* Variable levels depends on [[tumor]] type
|
* [[Testosterone]] is high
|
* Older age
* Rapidly progressive symptoms
|-
|[[Cushing's syndrome]]
|
* Increase [[cortisol]] & metabolites
* Variable other [[steroids]]
|
* Variable [[mineralocorticoid]] excess
|
* [[Cushingoid appearance]]
|-
|[[Hyperprolactinemia]]
|
* Normal levels of most of [[steroids]]
|
* Increased [[prolactin]]
|
* [[Infertility]], [[galactorrhea]]
|}


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 18:27, 28 August 2017

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

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Overview

Hyperprolactinemia must be differentiated from other diseases that cause virilization and hirsutism in female. The differentials include 21-hydroxylase deficiency, 17-alpha hydroxylase deficiency, 11-β hydroxylase deficiency, 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency, polycystic ovary syndrome, adrenal tumors, ovarian virilizing tumors and cushing's syndrome .

Differential Diagnosis

Hyperprolactinemia must be differentiated from diseases that cause virilization and hirsutism in female:[1][2][3]

Disease name Steroid status Other laboratory Important clinical findings
Non-classic type of 21-hydroxylase deficiency Increased:
  • No symptoms in infancy and male
11-β hydroxylase deficiency Increased:

Decreased:

3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency Increased:

Decreased:

Polycystic ovary syndrome
Adrenal tumors
  • Variable levels depends on tumor type
  • Older age
  • Rapidly progressive symptoms
Ovarian virilizing tumor
  • Variable levels depends on tumor type
  • Older age
  • Rapidly progressive symptoms
Cushing's syndrome
Hyperprolactinemia

References

  1. ↑ Hohl A, Ronsoni MF, Oliveira M (2014). "Hirsutism: diagnosis and treatment". Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol. 58 (2): 97–107. PMID 24830586. Vancouver style error: initials (help)
  2. ↑ White PC, Speiser PW (2000). "Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency". Endocr. Rev. 21 (3): 245–91. doi:10.1210/edrv.21.3.0398. PMID 10857554.
  3. ↑ Melmed, Shlomo (2016). Williams textbook of endocrinology. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier. ISBN 978-0323297387.=

Template:WS Template:WH

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