Cushing's syndrome differential diagnosis

Cushing's syndrome Microchapters
Home
Patient Information
Overview
Historical Perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Cushing's syndrome from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
Electrocardiogram
Chest X Ray
CT
MRI
Echocardiography or Ultrasound
Other Imaging Findings
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Surgery
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy
Future or Investigational Therapies
Case Studies
Case #1
Cushing's syndrome differential diagnosis On the Web
Most recent articles
Most cited articles
Review articles
CME Programs
Powerpoint slides
Images
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Cushing's syndrome differential diagnosis All Images X-rays Echo & Ultrasound CT Images MRI
Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse
NICE Guidance
FDA on Cushing's syndrome differential diagnosis
CDC on Cushing's syndrome differential diagnosis
Cushing's syndrome differential diagnosis in the news
Blogs on Cushing's syndrome differential diagnosis
Directions to Hospitals Treating Cushing's syndrome
Risk calculators and risk factors for Cushing's syndrome differential diagnosis

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Furqan M M. M.B.B.S[2]

Overview

Cushing's syndrome must be differentiated from other diseases that cause hypertension, obesity, and hyperandrogenism, such as Metabolic syndrome X and pseudo-Cushing's syndrome.

Differentiating Cushing's syndrome from Other Diseases

The table below summarizes the findings that differentiate Cushing's disease from other conditions that may cause hypertension, hyperandrogenism, and obesity. Facial plethora, skin changes, osteoporosis, nephrolithiasis and neuropsychiatric conditions should raise the concern for Cushing's syndrome.

Conditions Causes Associated features Diagnostic approach Cushing's syndrome Iatrogenic Pituitary adenoma Adrenal tumor Adrenal hyperplasia Ectopic ACTH secretion Obesity Hypertension PCOS/hyperandrogenism Oligomenorrhea/hypogonadism Osteoporosis Myopathy/cutaneous wasting Neuropsychiatric problems Kidney stones 24-hour urine cortisol Midnight salivary cortisol Low dose dexamethasone challenge test CRH stimulation High dose dexamethasone test MRI brain CT/MRI adrenals Pseudo-Cushing's syndrome Obesity Alcoholism Depression HIV Obesity Hypertension PCOS/hyperandrogenism Oligomenorrhea/hypogonadism Urinary free cortisol Midnight salivary cortisol Low dose dexamethasone challenge test Glucose tolerance test Loperamide test Metabolic syndrome X Familial/genetic Obesity Insulin resistance Obesity Hypertension PCOS/hyperandrogenism Oligomenorrhea/hypogonadism Dyslipidemia Diabetes/Glucose intolerance Waist circumference Low-density lipoproteins High-density lipoproteins Glucose tolerance test Fasting blood sugar HbA1c Other differentials Cushing's syndrome must be differentiated from diseases that cause virilization and hirsutism in female: Disease name Steroid status Other laboratory Important clinical findings Cushing's syndrome Increase cortisol & metabolites Variable other steroids Variable mineralocorticoid excess Cushingoid appearance Non-classic type of 21-hydroxylase deficiency Increased: 17-hydroxyprogesterone Exaggerated Androstenedione, DHEA, and 17-hydroxyprogesterone in response to ACTH Low testosterone levels No symptoms in infancy and male Virilization in females 11-β hydroxylase deficiency Increased: DOC 11-Deoxy-Cortisol Decreased: Cortisol Corticosterone Aldosterone Low testosterone levels Hypertension and hypokalemia Virilization 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency Increased: DHEA 17-hydroxypregnenolone Pregnenolone Decreased: Cortisol Aldosterone Low testosterone levels Salt-wasting adrenal crisis in infancy Mild virilization of genetically female infants Undervirilization of genetically male infants, making it the only form of CAH which can cause ambiguous genitalia in both genetic sexes. Polycystic ovary syndrome High DHEAS and androstenedione levels Low testosterone levels Polycystic ovaries in sonography Obesity PCOS is the most common cause of hirsutism in women No evidence another diagnosis Adrenal tumors Variable levels depends on tumor type Low testosterone level Older age Rapidly progressive symptoms Ovarian virilizing tumor Variable levels depends on tumor type Testosterone is high Older age Rapidly progressive symptoms Hyperprolactinemia Normal levels of most of steroids Increased prolactin Infertility, galactorrhea References Template:WH Template:WS