Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state risk factors: Difference between revisions
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* Low [[body mass index]] ([[Body mass index|BMI]]) | * Low [[body mass index]] ([[Body mass index|BMI]]) | ||
* Delayed or improper management of [[diabetes]] | * Delayed or improper management of [[diabetes]] | ||
=== Factors decreasing risk === | === Factors decreasing risk === | ||
The following factors are associated with a reduced risk of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA):<ref name="urlFactors associated with the presence of diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis of diabetes in children and young adults: a systematic review | The BMJ">{{cite web |url=http://www.bmj.com/content/343/bmj.d4092 |title=Factors associated with the presence of diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis of diabetes in children and young adults: a systematic review | The BMJ |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> | The following factors are associated with a reduced risk of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA):<ref name="urlFactors associated with the presence of diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis of diabetes in children and young adults: a systematic review | The BMJ">{{cite web |url=http://www.bmj.com/content/343/bmj.d4092 |title=Factors associated with the presence of diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis of diabetes in children and young adults: a systematic review | The BMJ |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> | ||
| Line 53: | Line 52: | ||
*Adequate renal functions | *Adequate renal functions | ||
*Adequate cardiac functions | *Adequate cardiac functions | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 15:13, 1 September 2017
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Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state Microchapters |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
There are no established risk factors for [disease name].
OR
The most potent risk factor in the development of [disease name] is [risk factor 1]. Other risk factors include [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].
OR
Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] include [risk factor 1], [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].
OR
Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] may be occupational, environmental, genetic, and viral.
Risk Factors
Factors increasing risk
The following factors are associated with an increased risk of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS):[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]
- Old age
- Obesity
- High mean glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)
- Infection
- Physiological stressors:
- Burns
- Peritoneal dialysis
- Gastrointestinal (GI) hemorrhage
- Heatstroke
- Hypothermia
- Intestinal obstruction
- Mesenteric thrombosis
- Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
- Rhabdomyolysis
- Depression
- Lack of health insurance
- Low body mass index (BMI)
- Delayed or improper management of diabetes
Factors decreasing risk
The following factors are associated with a reduced risk of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA):[12]
- Higher education level of both patient and caregiver
- Optimum management of diabetes
- Optimum fluid intake
- Younger age
- Adequate renal functions
- Adequate cardiac functions
References
- ↑ Weinstock RS, Xing D, Maahs DM, Michels A, Rickels MR, Peters AL, Bergenstal RM, Harris B, Dubose SN, Miller KM, Beck RW (2013). "Severe hypoglycemia and diabetic ketoacidosis in adults with type 1 diabetes: results from the T1D Exchange clinic registry". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 98 (8): 3411–9. doi:10.1210/jc.2013-1589. PMID 23760624.
- ↑ "Clinical and socio-demographic factors associated with diabetic ketoacidosis hospitalization in adults with Type 1 diabetes - Butalia - 2013 - Diabetic Medicine - Wiley Online Library".
- ↑ Cengiz E, Xing D, Wong JC, Wolfsdorf JI, Haymond MW, Rewers A, Shanmugham S, Tamborlane WV, Willi SM, Seiple DL, Miller KM, DuBose SN, Beck RW (2013). "Severe hypoglycemia and diabetic ketoacidosis among youth with type 1 diabetes in the T1D Exchange clinic registry". Pediatr Diabetes. 14 (6): 447–54. doi:10.1111/pedi.12030. PMC 4100244. PMID 23469984.
- ↑ "Diabetes Care".
- ↑ Low JC, Felner EI, Muir AB, Brown M, Dorcelet M, Peng L, Umpierrez GE (2012). "Do obese children with diabetic ketoacidosis have type 1 or type 2 diabetes?". Prim Care Diabetes. 6 (1): 61–5. doi:10.1016/j.pcd.2011.11.001. PMC 3746511. PMID 22230097.
- ↑ Katz JR, Edwards R, Khan M, Conway GS (1996). "Acromegaly presenting with diabetic ketoacidosis". Postgrad Med J. 72 (853): 682–3. PMC 2398638. PMID 8944212.
- ↑ Burzynski J (2005). "DKA and thrombosis". CMAJ. 173 (2): 132, author reply 132–3. doi:10.1503/cmaj.1050103. PMC 1174837. PMID 16027420.
- ↑ Jovanovic A, Stolic RV, Rasic DV, Markovic-Jovanovic SR, Peric VM (2014). "Stroke and diabetic ketoacidosis--some diagnostic and therapeutic considerations". Vasc Health Risk Manag. 10: 201–4. doi:10.2147/VHRM.S59593. PMC 3986295. PMID 24748799.
- ↑ Pivonello R, De Leo M, Vitale P, Cozzolino A, Simeoli C, De Martino MC, Lombardi G, Colao A (2010). "Pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus in Cushing's syndrome". Neuroendocrinology. 92 Suppl 1: 77–81. doi:10.1159/000314319. PMID 20829623.
- ↑ Pasternak DP (1974). "Hemochromatosis presenting as diabetic ketoacidosis with extreme hyperglycemia". West. J. Med. 120 (3): 244–6. PMC 1129403. PMID 4205898.
- ↑ Kamalakannan D, Baskar V, Barton DM, Abdu TA (2003). "Diabetic ketoacidosis in pregnancy". Postgrad Med J. 79 (934): 454–7. PMC 1742779. PMID 12954957.
- ↑ "Factors associated with the presence of diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis of diabetes in children and young adults: a systematic review | The BMJ".