Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state causes: Difference between revisions

	Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state Microchapters
Home
Patient Information
Overview
Historical Perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
Diagnostic study of choice
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
Electrocardiogram
X-ray
Echocardiography and Ultrasound
CT scan
MRI
Other Imaging Findings
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Surgery
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy
Future or Investigational Therapies
Case Studies
Case #1
Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state causes On the Web
Most recent articles
Most cited articles
Review articles
CME Programs
Powerpoint slides
Images
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state causes All Images X-rays Echo & Ultrasound CT Images MRI
Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse
NICE Guidance
FDA on Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state causes
CDC on Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state causes
Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state causes in the news
Blogs on Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state causes
Directions to Hospitals Treating Psoriasis
Risk calculators and risk factors for Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state causes

VisualWikitext

Revision as of 15:57, 1 September 2017

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Husnain Shaukat, M.D [2]

Overview

Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) is caused by decrease effective insulin-to-glucagon ratio. This process is trigger by lack of insulin due to decreased production, noncompliance with insulin treatment, high supply demand or resistance to the action of insulin. The hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) can be aggravated in conditions that cause dehydration or in certain disease states like the renal failure or congestive cardiac failure.

Causes

Life-threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes of [symptom/manifestation] include [cause1], [cause2], and [cause3].
[Cause] is a life-threatening cause of [disease].

Common Causes

Common causes of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) include:

Lack of insulin^[1]
Noncompliance to insulin treatment:^[2]^[3]
- Body image issues
- Financial problems
- Psychological factors
- Self-neglect
- Accidental
- Neglect by caregivers
Drugs:^[4]^[5]
- Antipsychotic agents (clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone)
- Illicit drugs (cocaine and alcohol)
- Corticosteroids^[6]
- Glucagon^[7]
- Interferon^[8]
- Pentamidine^[9]^[10]
- Sympathomimetic agents (albuterol, dopamine, dobutamine, terbutaline, ritodrine, thiazide diuretics)^[11]^[12]
Infections:
Undiagnosed diabetes mellitus^[21]

Less Common Causes

Less common causes of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) include:

Genetic Causes

[Disease name] is caused by a mutation in the [gene name] gene.

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	No underlying causes
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	No underlying causes
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	No underlying causes
Genetic	No underlying causes
Hematologic	No underlying causes
Iatrogenic	No underlying causes
Infectious Disease	No underlying causes
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic	No underlying causes
Neurologic	No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic	No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy	No underlying causes
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

List the causes of the disease in alphabetical order.

3

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Casqueiro J, Casqueiro J, Alves C (2012). "Infections in patients with diabetes mellitus: A review of pathogenesis". Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 16 Suppl 1: S27–36. doi:10.4103/2230-8210.94253. PMC 3354930. PMID 22701840.
↑ Borus JS, Laffel L (2010). "Adherence challenges in the management of type 1 diabetes in adolescents: prevention and intervention". Curr. Opin. Pediatr. 22 (4): 405–11. doi:10.1097/MOP.0b013e32833a46a7. PMC 3159529. PMID 20489639.
↑ Gosmanov AR, Gosmanova EO, Dillard-Cannon E (2014). "Management of adult diabetic ketoacidosis". Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 7: 255–64. doi:10.2147/DMSO.S50516. PMC 4085289. PMID 25061324.
↑ Ramaswamy K, Kozma CM, Nasrallah H (2007). "Risk of diabetic ketoacidosis after exposure to risperidone or olanzapine". Drug Saf. 30 (7): 589–99. PMID 17604410.
↑ Guenette MD, Hahn M, Cohn TA, Teo C, Remington GJ (2013). "Atypical antipsychotics and diabetic ketoacidosis: a review". Psychopharmacology (Berl.). 226 (1): 1–12. doi:10.1007/s00213-013-2982-3. PMID 23344556.
↑ Alavi IA, Sharma BK, Pillay VK (1971). "Steroid-induced diabetic ketoacidosis". Am. J. Med. Sci. 262 (1): 15–23. PMID 4327634.
↑ Alberti KG (1975). "Role of glucagon and other hormones in development of diabetic ketoacidosis". Lancet. 1 (7920): 1307–11. PMID 49515.
↑ Nakamura K, Kawasaki E, Imagawa A, Awata T, Ikegami H, Uchigata Y, Kobayashi T, Shimada A, Nakanishi K, Makino H, Maruyama T, Hanafusa T (2011). "Type 1 diabetes and interferon therapy: a nationwide survey in Japan". Diabetes Care. 34 (9): 2084–9. doi:10.2337/dc10-2274. PMC 3161293. PMID 21775762.
↑ Lu CP, Wu HP, Chuang LM, Lin BJ, Chuang CY, Tai TY (1995). "Pentamidine-induced hyperglycemia and ketosis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome". Pancreas. 11 (3): 315–6. PMID 8577688.
↑ Lambertus MW, Murthy AR, Nagami P, Goetz MB (1988). "Diabetic ketoacidosis following pentamidine therapy in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome". West. J. Med. 149 (5): 602–4. PMC 1026553. PMID 3150636.
↑ Borberg C, Gillmer MD, Beard RW, Oakley NW (1978). "Metabolic effects of beta-sympathomimetic drugs and dexamethasone in normal and diabetic pregnancy". Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 85 (3): 184–9. PMID 24459.
↑ Rodgers BD, Rodgers DE (1991). "Clinical variables associated with diabetic ketoacidosis during pregnancy". J Reprod Med. 36 (11): 797–800. PMID 1684993.
↑ Bouter KP, Diepersloot RJ, van Romunde LK, Uitslager R, Masurel N, Hoekstra JB, Erkelens DW (1991). "Effect of epidemic influenza on ketoacidosis, pneumonia and death in diabetes mellitus: a hospital register survey of 1976-1979 in The Netherlands". Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. 12 (1): 61–8. PMID 1906798.
↑ Nakamura K, Inokuchi R, Doi K, Fukuda T, Tokunaga K, Nakajima S, Noiri E, Yahagi N (2014). "Septic ketoacidosis". Intern. Med. 53 (10): 1071–3. PMID 24827487.
↑ Osuchowski MF, Craciun FL, Schuller E, Sima C, Gyurko R, Remick DG (2010). "Untreated type 1 diabetes increases sepsis-induced mortality without inducing a prelethal cytokine response". Shock. 34 (4): 369–76. doi:10.1097/SHK.0b013e3181dc40a8. PMC 2941557. PMID 20610941.
↑ Czaja CA, Rutledge BN, Cleary PA, Chan K, Stapleton AE, Stamm WE (2009). "Urinary tract infections in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus: survey of female participants in the epidemiology of diabetes interventions and complications study cohort". J. Urol. 181 (3): 1129–34, discussion 1134–5. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2008.11.021. PMC 2699609. PMID 19152925.
↑ Trachtenbarg DE (2005). "Diabetic ketoacidosis". Am Fam Physician. 71 (9): 1705–14. PMID 15887449.
↑ Nair S, Yadav D, Pitchumoni CS (2000). "Association of diabetic ketoacidosis and acute pancreatitis: observations in 100 consecutive episodes of DKA". Am. J. Gastroenterol. 95 (10): 2795–800. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2000.03188.x. PMID 11051350.
↑ Umpierrez GE, Kitabchi AE (2003). "Diabetic ketoacidosis: risk factors and management strategies". Treat Endocrinol. 2 (2): 95–108. PMID 15871546.
↑ Dhatariya KK (2007). "Diabetic ketoacidosis". BMJ. 334 (7607): 1284–5. doi:10.1136/bmj.39237.661111.80. PMC 1895683. PMID 17585123.
↑ Razavi Z (2010). "Frequency of ketoacidosis in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetic children". Oman Med J. 25 (2): 114–7. doi:10.5001/omj.2010.31. PMC 3215499. PMID 22125712.

Template:WH Template:WS

[pmid22701840-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Casqueiro J, Casqueiro J, Alves C (2012). "Infections in patients with diabetes mellitus: A review of pathogenesis". Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 16 Suppl 1: S27–36. doi:10.4103/2230-8210.94253. PMC 3354930. PMID 22701840.

[pmid20489639-2] Borus JS, Laffel L (2010). "Adherence challenges in the management of type 1 diabetes in adolescents: prevention and intervention". Curr. Opin. Pediatr. 22 (4): 405–11. doi:10.1097/MOP.0b013e32833a46a7. PMC 3159529. PMID 20489639.

[pmid25061324-3] Gosmanov AR, Gosmanova EO, Dillard-Cannon E (2014). "Management of adult diabetic ketoacidosis". Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 7: 255–64. doi:10.2147/DMSO.S50516. PMC 4085289. PMID 25061324.

[pmid17604410-4] Ramaswamy K, Kozma CM, Nasrallah H (2007). "Risk of diabetic ketoacidosis after exposure to risperidone or olanzapine". Drug Saf. 30 (7): 589–99. PMID 17604410.

[pmid23344556-5] Guenette MD, Hahn M, Cohn TA, Teo C, Remington GJ (2013). "Atypical antipsychotics and diabetic ketoacidosis: a review". Psychopharmacology (Berl.). 226 (1): 1–12. doi:10.1007/s00213-013-2982-3. PMID 23344556.

[pmid4327634-6] Alavi IA, Sharma BK, Pillay VK (1971). "Steroid-induced diabetic ketoacidosis". Am. J. Med. Sci. 262 (1): 15–23. PMID 4327634.

[pmid49515-7] Alberti KG (1975). "Role of glucagon and other hormones in development of diabetic ketoacidosis". Lancet. 1 (7920): 1307–11. PMID 49515.

[pmid21775762-8] Nakamura K, Kawasaki E, Imagawa A, Awata T, Ikegami H, Uchigata Y, Kobayashi T, Shimada A, Nakanishi K, Makino H, Maruyama T, Hanafusa T (2011). "Type 1 diabetes and interferon therapy: a nationwide survey in Japan". Diabetes Care. 34 (9): 2084–9. doi:10.2337/dc10-2274. PMC 3161293. PMID 21775762.

[pmid8577688-9] Lu CP, Wu HP, Chuang LM, Lin BJ, Chuang CY, Tai TY (1995). "Pentamidine-induced hyperglycemia and ketosis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome". Pancreas. 11 (3): 315–6. PMID 8577688.

[pmid3150636-10] Lambertus MW, Murthy AR, Nagami P, Goetz MB (1988). "Diabetic ketoacidosis following pentamidine therapy in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome". West. J. Med. 149 (5): 602–4. PMC 1026553. PMID 3150636.

[pmid24459-11] Borberg C, Gillmer MD, Beard RW, Oakley NW (1978). "Metabolic effects of beta-sympathomimetic drugs and dexamethasone in normal and diabetic pregnancy". Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 85 (3): 184–9. PMID 24459.

[pmid1684993-12] Rodgers BD, Rodgers DE (1991). "Clinical variables associated with diabetic ketoacidosis during pregnancy". J Reprod Med. 36 (11): 797–800. PMID 1684993.

[pmid1906798-13] Bouter KP, Diepersloot RJ, van Romunde LK, Uitslager R, Masurel N, Hoekstra JB, Erkelens DW (1991). "Effect of epidemic influenza on ketoacidosis, pneumonia and death in diabetes mellitus: a hospital register survey of 1976-1979 in The Netherlands". Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. 12 (1): 61–8. PMID 1906798.

[pmid24827487-14] Nakamura K, Inokuchi R, Doi K, Fukuda T, Tokunaga K, Nakajima S, Noiri E, Yahagi N (2014). "Septic ketoacidosis". Intern. Med. 53 (10): 1071–3. PMID 24827487.

[pmid20610941-15] Osuchowski MF, Craciun FL, Schuller E, Sima C, Gyurko R, Remick DG (2010). "Untreated type 1 diabetes increases sepsis-induced mortality without inducing a prelethal cytokine response". Shock. 34 (4): 369–76. doi:10.1097/SHK.0b013e3181dc40a8. PMC 2941557. PMID 20610941.

[pmid19152925-16] Czaja CA, Rutledge BN, Cleary PA, Chan K, Stapleton AE, Stamm WE (2009). "Urinary tract infections in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus: survey of female participants in the epidemiology of diabetes interventions and complications study cohort". J. Urol. 181 (3): 1129–34, discussion 1134–5. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2008.11.021. PMC 2699609. PMID 19152925.

[pmid15887449-17] Trachtenbarg DE (2005). "Diabetic ketoacidosis". Am Fam Physician. 71 (9): 1705–14. PMID 15887449.

[pmid11051350-18] Nair S, Yadav D, Pitchumoni CS (2000). "Association of diabetic ketoacidosis and acute pancreatitis: observations in 100 consecutive episodes of DKA". Am. J. Gastroenterol. 95 (10): 2795–800. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2000.03188.x. PMID 11051350.

[pmid15871546-19] Umpierrez GE, Kitabchi AE (2003). "Diabetic ketoacidosis: risk factors and management strategies". Treat Endocrinol. 2 (2): 95–108. PMID 15871546.

[pmid17585123-20] Dhatariya KK (2007). "Diabetic ketoacidosis". BMJ. 334 (7607): 1284–5. doi:10.1136/bmj.39237.661111.80. PMC 1895683. PMID 17585123.

[pmid22125712-21] Razavi Z (2010). "Frequency of ketoacidosis in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetic children". Oman Med J. 25 (2): 114–7. doi:10.5001/omj.2010.31. PMC 3215499. PMID 22125712.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 {{Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state}}
-{{CMG}}; {{AE}}
+{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{HS}}
 ==Overview==
 Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) is caused by decrease effective [[insulin]]-to-[[glucagon]] ratio. This process is trigger by lack of [[insulin]] due to decreased production, noncompliance with insulin treatment, high supply demand or resistance to the action of insulin. The hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) can be aggravated in conditions that cause [[dehydration]] or in certain disease states like the [[renal failure]] or [[congestive cardiac failure]].