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[Disease name] must be differentiated from [[differential dx1], [differential dx2], and [differential dx3].
[Disease name] must be differentiated from [[differential dx1], [differential dx2], and [differential dx3].


==Differentiating X from other Diseases==
==Differentiating Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state from other Diseases==
*[Disease name] must be differentiated from other diseases that cause [clinical feature 1], [clinical feature 2], and [clinical feature 3], such as [differential dx1], [differential dx2], and [differential dx3].
*Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state must be differentiated from other diseases that cause hyperglycemia, hyperosmolarity, and altered state of conciousness.<ref name="urlDiabetic Ketoacidosis: Evaluation and Treatment - American Family Physician">{{cite web |url=http://www.aafp.org/afp/2013/0301/p337.html |title=Diabetic Ketoacidosis: Evaluation and Treatment - American Family Physician |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref><ref name="pmid19564476">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kitabchi AE, Umpierrez GE, Miles JM, Fisher JN |title=Hyperglycemic crises in adult patients with diabetes |journal=Diabetes Care |volume=32 |issue=7 |pages=1335–43 |year=2009 |pmid=19564476 |pmc=2699725 |doi=10.2337/dc09-9032 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid12668546">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chiasson JL, Aris-Jilwan N, Bélanger R, Bertrand S, Beauregard H, Ekoé JM, Fournier H, Havrankova J |title=Diagnosis and treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis and the hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state |journal=CMAJ |volume=168 |issue=7 |pages=859–66 |year=2003 |pmid=12668546 |pmc=151994 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid18975036">{{cite journal |vauthors=Joseph F, Anderson L, Goenka N, Vora J |title=Starvation-induced true diabetic euglycemic ketoacidosis in severe depression |journal=J Gen Intern Med |volume=24 |issue=1 |pages=129–31 |year=2009 |pmid=18975036 |pmc=2607495 |doi=10.1007/s11606-008-0829-0 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid6361416">{{cite journal |vauthors=Williams HE |title=Alcoholic hypoglycemia and ketoacidosis |journal=Med. Clin. North Am. |volume=68 |issue=1 |pages=33–8 |year=1984 |pmid=6361416 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid1554971">{{cite journal |vauthors=Durnas C, Cusack BJ |title=Salicylate intoxication in the elderly. Recognition and recommendations on how to prevent it |journal=Drugs Aging |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=20–34 |year=1992 |pmid=1554971 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid10970986">{{cite journal |vauthors=Gokel Y, Paydas S, Koseoglu Z, Alparslan N, Seydaoglu G |title=Comparison of blood gas and acid-base measurements in arterial and venous blood samples in patients with uremic acidosis and diabetic ketoacidosis in the emergency room |journal=Am. J. Nephrol. |volume=20 |issue=4 |pages=319–23 |year=2000 |pmid=10970986 |doi=13607 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid9587792">{{cite journal |vauthors=Brinkmann B, Fechner G, Karger B, DuChesne A |title=Ketoacidosis and lactic acidosis--frequent causes of death in chronic alcoholics? |journal=Int. J. Legal Med. |volume=111 |issue=3 |pages=115–9 |year=1998 |pmid=9587792 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*[Disease name] must be differentiated from [[differential dx1], [differential dx2], and [differential dx3].
* '''<u>Other conditions causing hyperglycemia</u>'''
 
** [[Diabetes mellitus]]
*As [disease name] manifests in a variety of clinical forms, differentiation must be established in accordance with the particular subtype. [Subtype name 1] must be differentiated from other diseases that cause [clinical feature 1], such as [differential dx1] and [differential dx2]. In contrast, [subtype name 2] must be differentiated from other diseases that cause [clinical feature 2], such as [differential dx3] and [differential dx4].
** [[Diabetic ketoacidosis]]
** [[Impaired glucose tolerance]]
** Stress [[hyperglycemia]]
* '''<u>Other conditions causing hyperosmolarity</u>'''
** [[Central diabetes inspidus]]
** [[Primary hyperaldosteronism]]
** [[Secondary hyperaldosteronism]]
* '''<u>Other conditions causing altered state of conciousness</u>'''
** [[CNS infections]]
** [[Hypoglycemia]]
** [[Severe dehydration]]
** [[Stroke]]
** [[Hyperammonemia]]
** [[Uremia]]


===Preferred Table===
===Preferred Table===

Revision as of 14:52, 5 September 2017

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Overview

[Disease name] must be differentiated from other diseases that cause [clinical feature 1], [clinical feature 2], and [clinical feature 3], such as [differential dx1], [differential dx2], and [differential dx3].

OR

[Disease name] must be differentiated from [[differential dx1], [differential dx2], and [differential dx3].

Differentiating Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state from other Diseases

Preferred Table

Diseases Laboratory Findings Physical Examination History and Symptoms Other Findings
Lab Test 1 Lab Test 2 Lab Test 3 Lab Test 4 Physical Finding 1 Physical Finding 2 Physical Finding 3 Physical Finding 4 Finding 1 Finding 2 Finding 3 Finding 4
Differential Diagnosis 1 +
Differential Diagnosis 2 ↑ -
Differential Diagnosis 3 ↓
Differential Diagnosis 4
Differential Diagnosis 5

Use if the above table can not be made
Differential Diagnosis Similar Features Differentiating Features
Differential 1
  • On [physical exam; history; diagnostic test; imaging], [Differential 1] {has; demonstrates} [feature 1], [feature 2], [feature 3] also observed in [disease name].
  • On [physical exam; history; diagnostic test; imaging], [Differential 1] {has; demonstrates} [feature 1], [feature 2], [feature 3] that distinguish it from [disease name].
Differential 2
  • On [physical exam; history; diagnostic test; imaging], [Differential 1] {has; demonstrates} [feature 1], [feature 2], [feature 3] also observed in [disease name].
  • On [physical exam; history; diagnostic test; imaging], [Differential 1] {has; demonstrates} [feature 1], [feature 2], [feature 3] that distinguish it from [disease name].
Differential 3
  • On [physical exam; history; diagnostic test; imaging], [Differential 1] {has; demonstrates} [feature 1], [feature 2], [feature 3] also observed in [disease name].
  • On [physical exam; history; diagnostic test; imaging], [Differential 1] {has; demonstrates} [feature 1], [feature 2], [feature 3] that distinguish it from [disease name].
Differential 4
  • On [physical exam; history; diagnostic test; imaging], [Differential 1] {has; demonstrates} [feature 1], [feature 2], [feature 3] also observed in [disease name].
  • On [physical exam; history; diagnostic test; imaging], [Differential 1] {has; demonstrates} [feature 1], [feature 2], [feature 3] that distinguish it from [disease name].
Differential 5
  • On [physical exam; history; diagnostic test; imaging], [Differential 1] {has; demonstrates} [feature 1], [feature 2], [feature 3] also observed in [disease name].
  • On [physical exam; history; diagnostic test; imaging], [Differential 1] {has; demonstrates} [feature 1], [feature 2], [feature 3] that distinguish it from [disease name].

References

  1. ↑ "Diabetic Ketoacidosis: Evaluation and Treatment - American Family Physician".
  2. ↑ Kitabchi AE, Umpierrez GE, Miles JM, Fisher JN (2009). "Hyperglycemic crises in adult patients with diabetes". Diabetes Care. 32 (7): 1335–43. doi:10.2337/dc09-9032. PMC 2699725. PMID 19564476.
  3. ↑ Chiasson JL, Aris-Jilwan N, Bélanger R, Bertrand S, Beauregard H, Ekoé JM, Fournier H, Havrankova J (2003). "Diagnosis and treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis and the hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state". CMAJ. 168 (7): 859–66. PMC 151994. PMID 12668546.
  4. ↑ Joseph F, Anderson L, Goenka N, Vora J (2009). "Starvation-induced true diabetic euglycemic ketoacidosis in severe depression". J Gen Intern Med. 24 (1): 129–31. doi:10.1007/s11606-008-0829-0. PMC 2607495. PMID 18975036.
  5. ↑ Williams HE (1984). "Alcoholic hypoglycemia and ketoacidosis". Med. Clin. North Am. 68 (1): 33–8. PMID 6361416.
  6. ↑ Durnas C, Cusack BJ (1992). "Salicylate intoxication in the elderly. Recognition and recommendations on how to prevent it". Drugs Aging. 2 (1): 20–34. PMID 1554971.
  7. ↑ Gokel Y, Paydas S, Koseoglu Z, Alparslan N, Seydaoglu G (2000). "Comparison of blood gas and acid-base measurements in arterial and venous blood samples in patients with uremic acidosis and diabetic ketoacidosis in the emergency room". Am. J. Nephrol. 20 (4): 319–23. doi:13607 Check |doi= value (help). PMID 10970986.
  8. ↑ Brinkmann B, Fechner G, Karger B, DuChesne A (1998). "Ketoacidosis and lactic acidosis--frequent causes of death in chronic alcoholics?". Int. J. Legal Med. 111 (3): 115–9. PMID 9587792.

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