Differentiating Diabetes insipidus from other diseases: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Diabetes insipidus must be differentiated from other diseases that cause [[polyuria]] which is defined as a [[urine output]] exceeding 3 L/day in adults and 2 L/m2 in children | Diabetes insipidus must be differentiated from other diseases that cause [[polyuria]], which is defined as a [[urine output]] exceeding 3 L/day in adults and 2 L/m2 in children; increased urine frequency, or [[nocturia]]; and [[polydipsia]]. It is important to know that levels of [[Hyponatremia|hypo]]- or [[hypernatremia]] is not sufficient to describe the underlying cause of diabetes insipidus. | ||
==Differentiating Diabetes insipidus from other Diseases== | ==Differentiating Diabetes insipidus from other Diseases== | ||
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***[[Congenital malformations]] | ***[[Congenital malformations]] | ||
****[[Autosomal dominant|Autosomal dominant:]] AVP-neurophysin gene mutations | ****[[Autosomal dominant|Autosomal dominant:]] AVP-neurophysin gene mutations | ||
****[[Autosomal recessive]] :<ref name="pmid10369876">{{cite journal| author=Willcutts MD, Felner E, White PC| title=Autosomal recessive familial neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus with continued secretion of mutant weakly active vasopressin. | journal=Hum Mol Genet | year= 1999 | volume= 8 | issue= 7 | pages= 1303-7 | pmid=10369876 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10369876 }} </ref><ref name="pmid19897608">{{cite journal| author=Abu Libdeh A, Levy-Khademi F, Abdulhadi-Atwan M, Bosin E, Korner M, White PC et al.| title=Autosomal recessive familial neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus: onset in early infancy. | journal=Eur J Endocrinol | year= 2010 | volume= 162 | issue= 2 | pages= 221-6 | pmid=19897608 | doi=10.1530/EJE-09-0772 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19897608 }} </ref> [[Wolfram syndrome|Wolfram Syndrome]] (DIDMOAD) <ref name="pmid9350817">{{cite journal| author=Barrett TG, Bundey SE| title=Wolfram (DIDMOAD) syndrome. | journal=J Med Genet | year= 1997 | volume= 34 | issue= 10 | pages= 838-41 | pmid=9350817 | doi= | pmc=1051091 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9350817 }} </ref> | ****[[Autosomal recessive]]:<ref name="pmid10369876">{{cite journal| author=Willcutts MD, Felner E, White PC| title=Autosomal recessive familial neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus with continued secretion of mutant weakly active vasopressin. | journal=Hum Mol Genet | year= 1999 | volume= 8 | issue= 7 | pages= 1303-7 | pmid=10369876 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10369876 }} </ref><ref name="pmid19897608">{{cite journal| author=Abu Libdeh A, Levy-Khademi F, Abdulhadi-Atwan M, Bosin E, Korner M, White PC et al.| title=Autosomal recessive familial neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus: onset in early infancy. | journal=Eur J Endocrinol | year= 2010 | volume= 162 | issue= 2 | pages= 221-6 | pmid=19897608 | doi=10.1530/EJE-09-0772 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19897608 }} </ref> [[Wolfram syndrome|Wolfram Syndrome]] (DIDMOAD)<ref name="pmid9350817">{{cite journal| author=Barrett TG, Bundey SE| title=Wolfram (DIDMOAD) syndrome. | journal=J Med Genet | year= 1997 | volume= 34 | issue= 10 | pages= 838-41 | pmid=9350817 | doi= | pmc=1051091 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9350817 }} </ref> | ||
****[[X-linked recessive]] | ****[[X-linked recessive]] | ||
***[[Idiopathic]] | ***[[Idiopathic]] | ||
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**[[Psychogenic]] | **[[Psychogenic]] | ||
**Dipsogenic (downward resetting of thirst threshold) | **Dipsogenic (downward resetting of thirst threshold) | ||
*'''Gestational | *'''Gestational diabetes insipidus''' | ||
*'''[[Diabetes mellitus]]''' | *'''[[Diabetes mellitus]]''' | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
Revision as of 14:07, 27 September 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Omodamola Aje B.Sc, M.D. [2]
Overview
Diabetes insipidus must be differentiated from other diseases that cause polyuria, which is defined as a urine output exceeding 3 L/day in adults and 2 L/m2 in children; increased urine frequency, or nocturia; and polydipsia. It is important to know that levels of hypo- or hypernatremia is not sufficient to describe the underlying cause of diabetes insipidus.
Differentiating Diabetes insipidus from other Diseases
Differentiating diabetes insipidus based on the type of diabetes insipidus caused
- Central diabetes insipidus
- Acquired
- Trauma (surgery, deceleration injury)
- Vascular (cerebral hemorrhage, infarction, anterior communicating artery aneurysm or ligation, intra-hypothalamic hemorrhage)
- Neoplastic (craniopharyngioma, meningioma, germinoma, pituitary tumor or metastases)
- Granulomatous (histiocytosis, sarcoidosis)
- Infectious (meningitis, encephalitis)
- Inflammatory/autoimmune (lymphocytic infundibuloneurohypophysitis)
- Drug/toxin-induced (ethanol, diphenylhydantoin, snake venom)
- Other disorders (hydrocephalus, ventricular/suprasellar cyst, trauma, degenerative diseases)
- Idiopathic
- Congenital
- Congenital malformations
- Autosomal dominant: AVP-neurophysin gene mutations
- Autosomal recessive:[1][2] Wolfram Syndrome (DIDMOAD)[3]
- X-linked recessive
- Idiopathic
- Congenital malformations
- Acquired
- Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
- Acquired
- Drug-induced (demeclocycline, lithium, cisplatin, methoxyflurane, etc.)
- Hypercalcemia, hypokalemia
- Infiltrating lesions (sarcoidosis, amyloidosis, multiple myeloma, Sjogren's disease)
- Vascular (sickle cell disease)
- Congenital
- X-linked recessive (OMIM 304800): AVP V2 receptor gene mutations
- Autosomal recessive: AQP2 water channel gene mutations
- Acquired
- Primary polydipsia
- Psychogenic
- Dipsogenic (downward resetting of thirst threshold)
- Gestational diabetes insipidus
- Diabetes mellitus
| Type of DI | Subclass | Disease | Defining signs and symptoms | Lab/Imaging findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Central | Acquired | Histiocytosis |
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| Craniopharyngioma |
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| Sarcoidosis |
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| Congenital | Hydrocephalus |
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Dilated ventricles on CT and MRI | |
| Wolfram Syndrome (DIDMOAD) |
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| Nephrogenic | Acquired | Drug-induced (demeclocycline, lithium) |
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| Hypercalcemia |
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| Hypokalemia |
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| Multiple myeloma |
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| Sickle cell disease |
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| Primary polydipsia | Psychogenic |
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| Gestational diabetes insipidus |
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| Diabetes mellitus |
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References
- ↑ Willcutts MD, Felner E, White PC (1999). "Autosomal recessive familial neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus with continued secretion of mutant weakly active vasopressin". Hum Mol Genet. 8 (7): 1303–7. PMID 10369876.
- ↑ Abu Libdeh A, Levy-Khademi F, Abdulhadi-Atwan M, Bosin E, Korner M, White PC; et al. (2010). "Autosomal recessive familial neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus: onset in early infancy". Eur J Endocrinol. 162 (2): 221–6. doi:10.1530/EJE-09-0772. PMID 19897608.
- ↑ Barrett TG, Bundey SE (1997). "Wolfram (DIDMOAD) syndrome". J Med Genet. 34 (10): 838–41. PMC 1051091. PMID 9350817.
- ↑ Ghosh KN, Bhattacharya A (1992). "Gonotrophic nature of Phlebotomus argentipes (Diptera: Psychodidae) in the laboratory". Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 34 (2): 181–2. PMID 1340034.