Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
The epidemiological parameters of the hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) are difficult to predict because of lack of population-based studies in HHS. According to the national diabetes surveillance program of the centers for disease control (CDC), | The epidemiological parameters of the hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) are difficult to predict because of lack of population-based studies in HHS. According to the national diabetes surveillance program of the centers for disease control (CDC), hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state accounts for less than 1000 hospital admissions per 100,000 [[diabetic]] admissions. The overall [[mortality rate]] of the hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state varies from a low of less than 5000 per 100,000 individuals to a high of 20,000 per 100,000 individuals. The [[incidence]] of the hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state is more common in men and black population as compareed to the caucasion population. The hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state also affects older individuals more as compared to children and young adults. | ||
==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ||
===Incidence=== | ===Incidence=== | ||
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===Age=== | ===Age=== | ||
*The hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state commonly affects [[type 2 diabetic]] individuals older than 65 | *The hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state commonly affects [[type 2 diabetic]] individuals older than 65 years of age. It is less commonly seen in children and young adults.<ref name="pmid19564476">{{cite journal| author=Kitabchi AE, Umpierrez GE, Miles JM, Fisher JN| title=Hyperglycemic crises in adult patients with diabetes. | journal=Diabetes Care | year= 2009 | volume= 32 | issue= 7 | pages= 1335-43 | pmid=19564476 | doi=10.2337/dc09-9032 | pmc=2699725 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19564476 }} </ref> | ||
===Race=== | ===Race=== | ||
*The [[prevalence]] and [[incidence]] of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state is higher in black population.<ref name="pmid28765134">{{cite journal |vauthors=Farsani SF, Brodovicz K, Soleymanlou N, Marquard J, Wissinger E, Maiese BA |title=Incidence and prevalence of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) among adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D): a systematic literature review |journal=BMJ Open |volume=7 |issue=7 |pages=e016587 |year=2017 |pmid=28765134 |doi=10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016587 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid9080921">{{cite journal |vauthors=Umpierrez GE, Kelly JP, Navarrete JE, Casals MM, Kitabchi AE |title=Hyperglycemic crises in urban blacks |journal=Arch. Intern. Med. |volume=157 |issue=6 |pages=669–75 |year=1997 |pmid=9080921 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | *The [[prevalence]] and [[incidence]] of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state is higher in black population.<ref name="pmid28765134">{{cite journal |vauthors=Farsani SF, Brodovicz K, Soleymanlou N, Marquard J, Wissinger E, Maiese BA |title=Incidence and prevalence of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) among adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D): a systematic literature review |journal=BMJ Open |volume=7 |issue=7 |pages=e016587 |year=2017 |pmid=28765134 |doi=10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016587 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid9080921">{{cite journal |vauthors=Umpierrez GE, Kelly JP, Navarrete JE, Casals MM, Kitabchi AE |title=Hyperglycemic crises in urban blacks |journal=Arch. Intern. Med. |volume=157 |issue=6 |pages=669–75 |year=1997 |pmid=9080921 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
The epidemiological parameters of the hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) are difficult to predict because of lack of population-based studies in HHS. According to the national diabetes surveillance program of the centers for disease control (CDC), hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state accounts for less than 1000 hospital admissions per 100,000 diabetic admissions. The overall mortality rate of the hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state varies from a low of less than 5000 per 100,000 individuals to a high of 20,000 per 100,000 individuals. The incidence of the hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state is more common in men and black population as compareed to the caucasion population. The hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state also affects older individuals more as compared to children and young adults.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Incidence
- The exact incidence of the hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state is not known due to lack of population-based studies. However, according to the the national diabetes surveillance program of the centers for disease control (CDC), HHS accounts for less than 1000 hospital admissions per 100,000 diabetic admissions.[1][2]
- In the year 1995, the annual incidence of the hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state has been reported to be 17.5 persons per 100,000 persons per year.[3][1]
Case-fatality rate
- Case-fatality rate of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state varies from a low of less than 5000 per 100,000 individuals to a high of 20,000 per 100,000 individuals.[2]
- Case-fatality rates of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state differ according to the level of care provided and healthcare setting.[4]
Age
- The hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state commonly affects type 2 diabetic individuals older than 65 years of age. It is less commonly seen in children and young adults.[2]
Race
- The prevalence and incidence of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state is higher in black population.[5][1]
Gender
- The prevalence and incidence of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state is higher in men as compared to women.[5]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Umpierrez GE, Kelly JP, Navarrete JE, Casals MM, Kitabchi AE (1997). "Hyperglycemic crises in urban blacks". Arch. Intern. Med. 157 (6): 669–75. PMID 9080921.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Kitabchi AE, Umpierrez GE, Miles JM, Fisher JN (2009). "Hyperglycemic crises in adult patients with diabetes". Diabetes Care. 32 (7): 1335–43. doi:10.2337/dc09-9032. PMC 2699725. PMID 19564476.
- ↑ Lorber D (1995). "Nonketotic hypertonicity in diabetes mellitus". Med. Clin. North Am. 79 (1): 39–52. PMID 7808094.
- ↑ "Diabetes Care".
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Farsani SF, Brodovicz K, Soleymanlou N, Marquard J, Wissinger E, Maiese BA (2017). "Incidence and prevalence of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) among adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D): a systematic literature review". BMJ Open. 7 (7): e016587. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016587. PMID 28765134.