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Differential diagnosis

Diseases	Symptoms				Physical Examination					Past medical history	Diagnostic tests			Other Findings
Diseases	Headache	↓LOC	Motor weakness	Abnormal sensory	Motor Deficit	Sensory deficit	Speech difficulty	Gait abnormality	Cranial nerves	Past medical history	CT /MRI	CSF Findings	Gold standard test	Other Findings
Brain tumor^[1]	+	-	-	-	+	+	+	-	+	Weight loss, fatigue	+	Cancer cells^[2]	MRI	Cachexia, gradual progression of symptoms
Hemorrhagic stroke	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	-	Hypertension	+	-	CT scan without contrast^[3]^[4]	Neck stiffness
Subdural hemorrhage	+	+	+	+	+	-	-	-	+	Trauma, fall	+	Xanthochromia^[5]	CT scan without contrast^[3]^[4]	Confusion, dizziness, nausea, vomiting
Neurosyphilis^[6]^[7]	+	-	+	+	+	+	-	+	-	STIs	+	↑ Leukocytes and protein	CSF VDRL-specifc CSF FTA-Ab -sensitive^[8]	Blindness, confusion, depression, Abnormal gait
Complex or atypical migraine	+	-	+	+	-	-	+	-	-	Family history of migraine	-	-	Clinical assesment	Presence of aura, nausea, vomiting
Hypertensive encephalopathy	+	+	-	-	-	-	+	+	-	Hypertension	+	-	Clinical assesment	Delirium, cortical blindness, cerebral edema, seizure
Wernicke’s encephalopathy	-	+	-	-	-	+	+	+	+	History of alcohal abuse	-	-	Clinical assesment and lab findings	Ophthalmoplegia, confusion
CNS abscess	+	+	-	-	+	+	+	-	-	History of drug abuse, endocarditis, immunosupression	+	↑ leukocytes, ↓ glucose and ↑ protien	MRI is more sensitive and specific	High grade fever, fatigue,nausea, vomiting
Drug toxicity	-	+	-	+	+	+	-	+	-	-	-	-	Drug screen test	Lithium, Sedatives, phenytoin, carbamazepine
Conversion disorder	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+		History of emotional stress	-	-	Diagnosis of exclusion	Tremors, blindness, difficulty swallowing
Metabolic disturbances (electrolyte imbalance, hypoglycemia)	-	+	+	+	+	+	-	-	+	-	-	Hypoglycemia, hypo and hypernatremia, hypo and hyperkalemia	Depends on the cause	Confusion, seizure, palpitations, sweating, dizziness, hypoglycemia
Meningitis or encephalitis	+	-	-	-	-	+	+	-	-	History of fever and malaise	-	↑ Leukocytes, ↑ Protein ↓ Glucose	CSF analysis^[9]	Fever, neck rigidity
Multiple sclerosis exacerbation	-	-	+	+	-	+	+	+	+	History of relapses and remissions	+	↑ CSF IgG levels (monoclonal bands)	Clinical assesment and MRI ^[10]	Blurry vision, urinary incontinence, fatigue
Seizure	+	+	-	-	+	+	-	-	+	Previous history of seizures	-	Mass lesion	Clinical assesment and EEG ^[11]	Confusion, apathy, irritability,

Diseases	History and Physical								Diagnostic tests		Other Findings
Diseases	Motor Deficit	Sensory deficit	Cranial nerve Involvement	Autonomic dysfunction	Proximal/Distal/Generalized	Ascending/Descending/Systemic	Unilateral (UL) or Bilateral (BL) or No Lateralization (NL)	Onset	Lab or Imaging Findings	Specific test	Other Findings
Adult Botulism	+	-	+	+	Generalized	Descending	BL	Sudden	Toxin test	Blood, Wound, or Stool culture	Diplopia, Hyporeflexia, Hypotonia, possible respiratory paralysis
Infant Botulism	+	-	+	+	Generalized	Descending	BL	Sudden	Toxin test	Blood, Wound, or Stool culture	Flaccid paralysis (Floppy baby syndrome), possible respiratory paralysis
Guillian-Barre syndrome^[12]	+	-	-	-	Generalized	Ascending	BL	Insidious	CSF: ↑Protein ↓Cells	Clinical & Lumbar Puncture	Progressive ascending paralysis following infection, possible respiratory paralysis
Eaton Lambert syndrome^[13]	+	-	+	+	Generalized	Systemic	BL	Intermittent	EMG, repetitive nerve stimulation test (RNS)	Voltage gated calcium channel (VGCC) antibody	Diplopia, ptosis, improves with movement (as the day progresses)
Myasthenia gravis^[14]	+	-	+	+	Generalized	Systemic	BL	Intermittent	EMG, Edrophonium test	Ach receptor antibody	Diplopia, ptosis, worsening with movement (as the day progresses)
Electrolyte disturbance^[15]	+	+	-	-	Generalized	Systemic	BL	Insidious	Electrolyte panel	↓Ca++, ↓Mg++, ↓K+	Possible arrhythmia
Organophosphate toxicity^[16]	+	+	-	+	Generalized	Ascending	BL	Sudden	Clinical diagnosis: physical exam & history	Clinical suspicion confirmed with RBC AchE activity	History of exposure to insecticide or living in farming environment. with : Diarrhea, Urination, Miosis, Bradycardia, Lacrimation, Emesis, Salivation, Sweating
Tick paralysis (Dermacentor tick)^[17]	+	-	-	-	Generalized	Ascending	BL	Insidious	Clinical diagnosis: physical exam & history	-	History of outdoor activity in Northeastern United States. The tick is often still latched to the patient at presentation (often in head and neck area)
Tetrodotoxin poisoning^[18]	+	-	+	+	Generalized	Systemic	BL	Sudden	Clinical diagnosis: physical exam & dietary history	-	History of consumption of puffer fish species.
Stroke^[19]	+/-	+/-	+/-	+/-	Generalized	Systemic	UL	Sudden	MRI +ve for ischemia or hemorrhage	MRI	Sudden unilateral motor and sensory deficit in a patient with a history of atherosclerotic risk factors (diabetes, hypertension, smoking) or atrial fibrillation.
Poliomyelitis^[20]	+	+	+	+/-	Proximal > Distal	Systemic	BL or UL	Sudden		PCR of CSF	Asymmetric paralysis following a flu-like syndrome.
Transverse myelitis^[21]	+	+	+	+	Proximal > Distal	Systemic	BL or UL	Sudden	MRI & Lumbar puncture	MRI	History of chronic viral or autoimmune disease (e.g. HIV)
Neurosyphilis^[6]^[7]	+	+	-	+/-	Generalized	Systemic	BL	Insidious	MRI & Lumbar puncture	CSF VDRL-specifc CSF FTA-Ab -sensitive^[8]	History of unprotected sex or multiple sexual partners. History of genital ulcer (chancre), diffuse maculopapular rash.
Muscular dystrophy^[22]	+	-	-	-	Proximal > Distal	Systemic	BL	Insidious	Genetic testing	Muscle biopsy	Progressive proximal lower limb weakness with calf pseudohypertrophy in early childhood. Gower sign positive.
Multiple sclerosis exacerbation^[23]	+	+	+	+	Generalized	Systemic	NL	Sudden	↑CSF IgG levels (monoclonal)	Clinical assessment and MRI ^[10]	Blurry vision, urinary incontinence, fatigue
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis^[24]	+	-	-	-	Generalized	Systemic	BL	Insidious	Normal LP (to rule out DDx)	MRI & LP	Patient initially presents with upper motor neuron deficit (spasticity) followed by lower motor neuron deficit (flaccidity).
Inflammatory myopathy^[25]	+	-	-	-	Proximal > Distal	Systemic	UL or BL	Insidious	Elevated CK & Aldolase	Muscle biopsy	Progressive proximal muscle weakness in 3rd to 5th decade of life. With or without skin manifestations.

↑ Morgenstern LB, Frankowski RF (1999). "Brain tumor masquerading as stroke". J Neurooncol. 44 (1): 47–52. PMID 10582668.
↑ Weston CL, Glantz MJ, Connor JR (2011). "Detection of cancer cells in the cerebrospinal fluid: current methods and future directions". Fluids Barriers CNS. 8 (1): 14. doi:10.1186/2045-8118-8-14. PMC 3059292. PMID 21371327.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Birenbaum D, Bancroft LW, Felsberg GJ (2011). "Imaging in acute stroke". West J Emerg Med. 12 (1): 67–76. PMC 3088377. PMID 21694755.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 DeLaPaz RL, Wippold FJ, Cornelius RS, Amin-Hanjani S, Angtuaco EJ, Broderick DF; et al. (2011). "ACR Appropriateness Criteria® on cerebrovascular disease". J Am Coll Radiol. 8 (8): 532–8. doi:10.1016/j.jacr.2011.05.010. PMID 21807345.
↑ Lee MC, Heaney LM, Jacobson RL, Klassen AC (1975). "Cerebrospinal fluid in cerebral hemorrhage and infarction". Stroke. 6 (6): 638–41. PMID 1198628.
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 Liu LL, Zheng WH, Tong ML, Liu GL, Zhang HL, Fu ZG; et al. (2012). "Ischemic stroke as a primary symptom of neurosyphilis among HIV-negative emergency patients". J Neurol Sci. 317 (1–2): 35–9. doi:10.1016/j.jns.2012.03.003. PMID 22482824.
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 Berger JR, Dean D (2014). "Neurosyphilis". Handb Clin Neurol. 121: 1461–72. doi:10.1016/B978-0-7020-4088-7.00098-5. PMID 24365430.
↑ ^8.0 ^8.1 Ho EL, Marra CM (2012). "Treponemal tests for neurosyphilis--less accurate than what we thought?". Sex Transm Dis. 39 (4): 298–9. doi:10.1097/OLQ.0b013e31824ee574. PMC 3746559. PMID 22421697.
↑ Carbonnelle E (2009). "[Laboratory diagnosis of bacterial meningitis: usefulness of various tests for the determination of the etiological agent]". Med Mal Infect. 39 (7–8): 581–605. doi:10.1016/j.medmal.2009.02.017. PMID 19398286.
↑ ^10.0 ^10.1 Giang DW, Grow VM, Mooney C, Mushlin AI, Goodman AD, Mattson DH; et al. (1994). "Clinical diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. The impact of magnetic resonance imaging and ancillary testing. Rochester-Toronto Magnetic Resonance Study Group". Arch Neurol. 51 (1): 61–6. PMID 8274111.
↑ Manford M (2001). "Assessment and investigation of possible epileptic seizures". J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 70 Suppl 2: II3–8. PMC 1765557. PMID 11385043.
↑ Talukder RK, Sutradhar SR, Rahman KM, Uddin MJ, Akhter H (2011). "Guillian-Barre syndrome". Mymensingh Med J. 20 (4): 748–56. PMID 22081202.
↑ Merino-Ramírez MÁ, Bolton CF (2016). "Review of the Diagnostic Challenges of Lambert-Eaton Syndrome Revealed Through Three Case Reports". Can J Neurol Sci. 43 (5): 635–47. doi:10.1017/cjn.2016.268. PMID 27412406.
↑ Gilhus NE (2016). "Myasthenia Gravis". N Engl J Med. 375 (26): 2570–2581. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1602678. PMID 28029925.
↑ Ozono K (2016). "[Diagnostic criteria for vitamin D-deficient rickets and hypocalcemia-]". Clin Calcium. 26 (2): 215–22. doi:CliCa1602215222 Check |doi= value (help). PMID 26813501.
↑ Kamanyire R, Karalliedde L (2004). "Organophosphate toxicity and occupational exposure". Occup Med (Lond). 54 (2): 69–75. PMID 15020723.
↑ Pecina CA (2012). "Tick paralysis". Semin Neurol. 32 (5): 531–2. doi:10.1055/s-0033-1334474. PMID 23677663.
↑ Bane V, Lehane M, Dikshit M, O'Riordan A, Furey A (2014). "Tetrodotoxin: chemistry, toxicity, source, distribution and detection". Toxins (Basel). 6 (2): 693–755. doi:10.3390/toxins6020693. PMC 3942760. PMID 24566728.
↑ Kuntzer T, Hirt L, Bogousslavsky J (1996). "[Neuromuscular involvement and cerebrovascular accidents]". Rev Med Suisse Romande. 116 (8): 605–9. PMID 8848683.
↑ Laffont I, Julia M, Tiffreau V, Yelnik A, Herisson C, Pelissier J (2010). "Aging and sequelae of poliomyelitis". Ann Phys Rehabil Med. 53 (1): 24–33. doi:10.1016/j.rehab.2009.10.002. PMID 19944665.
↑ West TW (2013). "Transverse myelitis--a review of the presentation, diagnosis, and initial management". Discov Med. 16 (88): 167–77. PMID 24099672.
↑ Falzarano MS, Scotton C, Passarelli C, Ferlini A (2015). "Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: From Diagnosis to Therapy". Molecules. 20 (10): 18168–84. doi:10.3390/molecules201018168. PMID 26457695.
↑ Filippi M, Preziosa P, Rocca MA (2016). "Multiple sclerosis". Handb Clin Neurol. 135: 399–423. doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-53485-9.00020-9. PMID 27432676.
↑ Riva N, Agosta F, Lunetta C, Filippi M, Quattrini A (2016). "Recent advances in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis". J Neurol. 263 (6): 1241–54. doi:10.1007/s00415-016-8091-6. PMC 4893385. PMID 27025851.
↑ Michelle EH, Mammen AL (2015). "Myositis Mimics". Curr Rheumatol Rep. 17 (10): 63. doi:10.1007/s11926-015-0541-0. PMID 26290112.

[pmid10582668-1] Morgenstern LB, Frankowski RF (1999). "Brain tumor masquerading as stroke". J Neurooncol. 44 (1): 47–52. PMID 10582668.

[pmid21371327-2] Weston CL, Glantz MJ, Connor JR (2011). "Detection of cancer cells in the cerebrospinal fluid: current methods and future directions". Fluids Barriers CNS. 8 (1): 14. doi:10.1186/2045-8118-8-14. PMC 3059292. PMID 21371327.

[pmid21694755-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Birenbaum D, Bancroft LW, Felsberg GJ (2011). "Imaging in acute stroke". West J Emerg Med. 12 (1): 67–76. PMC 3088377. PMID 21694755.

[pmid21807345-4] 4.0 ^4.1 DeLaPaz RL, Wippold FJ, Cornelius RS, Amin-Hanjani S, Angtuaco EJ, Broderick DF; et al. (2011). "ACR Appropriateness Criteria® on cerebrovascular disease". J Am Coll Radiol. 8 (8): 532–8. doi:10.1016/j.jacr.2011.05.010. PMID 21807345.

[pmid1198628-5] Lee MC, Heaney LM, Jacobson RL, Klassen AC (1975). "Cerebrospinal fluid in cerebral hemorrhage and infarction". Stroke. 6 (6): 638–41. PMID 1198628.

[pmid22482824-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Liu LL, Zheng WH, Tong ML, Liu GL, Zhang HL, Fu ZG; et al. (2012). "Ischemic stroke as a primary symptom of neurosyphilis among HIV-negative emergency patients". J Neurol Sci. 317 (1–2): 35–9. doi:10.1016/j.jns.2012.03.003. PMID 22482824.

[pmid24365430-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Berger JR, Dean D (2014). "Neurosyphilis". Handb Clin Neurol. 121: 1461–72. doi:10.1016/B978-0-7020-4088-7.00098-5. PMID 24365430.

[pmid22421697-8] 8.0 ^8.1 Ho EL, Marra CM (2012). "Treponemal tests for neurosyphilis--less accurate than what we thought?". Sex Transm Dis. 39 (4): 298–9. doi:10.1097/OLQ.0b013e31824ee574. PMC 3746559. PMID 22421697.

[pmid19398286-9] Carbonnelle E (2009). "[Laboratory diagnosis of bacterial meningitis: usefulness of various tests for the determination of the etiological agent]". Med Mal Infect. 39 (7–8): 581–605. doi:10.1016/j.medmal.2009.02.017. PMID 19398286.

[pmid8274111-10] 10.0 ^10.1 Giang DW, Grow VM, Mooney C, Mushlin AI, Goodman AD, Mattson DH; et al. (1994). "Clinical diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. The impact of magnetic resonance imaging and ancillary testing. Rochester-Toronto Magnetic Resonance Study Group". Arch Neurol. 51 (1): 61–6. PMID 8274111.

[pmid11385043-11] Manford M (2001). "Assessment and investigation of possible epileptic seizures". J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 70 Suppl 2: II3–8. PMC 1765557. PMID 11385043.

[pmid22081202-12] Talukder RK, Sutradhar SR, Rahman KM, Uddin MJ, Akhter H (2011). "Guillian-Barre syndrome". Mymensingh Med J. 20 (4): 748–56. PMID 22081202.

[pmid27412406-13] Merino-Ramírez MÁ, Bolton CF (2016). "Review of the Diagnostic Challenges of Lambert-Eaton Syndrome Revealed Through Three Case Reports". Can J Neurol Sci. 43 (5): 635–47. doi:10.1017/cjn.2016.268. PMID 27412406.

[pmid28029925-14] Gilhus NE (2016). "Myasthenia Gravis". N Engl J Med. 375 (26): 2570–2581. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1602678. PMID 28029925.

[pmid26813501-15] Ozono K (2016). "[Diagnostic criteria for vitamin D-deficient rickets and hypocalcemia-]". Clin Calcium. 26 (2): 215–22. doi:CliCa1602215222 Check |doi= value (help). PMID 26813501.

[pmid15020723-16] Kamanyire R, Karalliedde L (2004). "Organophosphate toxicity and occupational exposure". Occup Med (Lond). 54 (2): 69–75. PMID 15020723.

[pmid23677663-17] Pecina CA (2012). "Tick paralysis". Semin Neurol. 32 (5): 531–2. doi:10.1055/s-0033-1334474. PMID 23677663.

[pmid24566728-18] Bane V, Lehane M, Dikshit M, O'Riordan A, Furey A (2014). "Tetrodotoxin: chemistry, toxicity, source, distribution and detection". Toxins (Basel). 6 (2): 693–755. doi:10.3390/toxins6020693. PMC 3942760. PMID 24566728.

[pmid8848683-19] Kuntzer T, Hirt L, Bogousslavsky J (1996). "[Neuromuscular involvement and cerebrovascular accidents]". Rev Med Suisse Romande. 116 (8): 605–9. PMID 8848683.

[pmid19944665-20] Laffont I, Julia M, Tiffreau V, Yelnik A, Herisson C, Pelissier J (2010). "Aging and sequelae of poliomyelitis". Ann Phys Rehabil Med. 53 (1): 24–33. doi:10.1016/j.rehab.2009.10.002. PMID 19944665.

[pmid24099672-21] West TW (2013). "Transverse myelitis--a review of the presentation, diagnosis, and initial management". Discov Med. 16 (88): 167–77. PMID 24099672.

[pmid26457695-22] Falzarano MS, Scotton C, Passarelli C, Ferlini A (2015). "Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: From Diagnosis to Therapy". Molecules. 20 (10): 18168–84. doi:10.3390/molecules201018168. PMID 26457695.

[pmid27432676-23] Filippi M, Preziosa P, Rocca MA (2016). "Multiple sclerosis". Handb Clin Neurol. 135: 399–423. doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-53485-9.00020-9. PMID 27432676.

[pmid27025851-24] Riva N, Agosta F, Lunetta C, Filippi M, Quattrini A (2016). "Recent advances in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis". J Neurol. 263 (6): 1241–54. doi:10.1007/s00415-016-8091-6. PMC 4893385. PMID 27025851.

[pmid26290112-25] Michelle EH, Mammen AL (2015). "Myositis Mimics". Curr Rheumatol Rep. 17 (10): 63. doi:10.1007/s11926-015-0541-0. PMID 26290112.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{| class="wikitable"
+==Differential diagnosis==
-! rowspan="2" |Cause
+{|
-! colspan="2" |Diarrhea
+|-style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;"
-! rowspan="2" |Age of onset
+! rowspan="2" |<small>Diseases</small>
-! colspan="3" |History
+! colspan="4" |<small>Symptoms
-! rowspan="2" |Physical exam
+! colspan="5" |<small>Physical Examination</small>
-! rowspan="2" |Lab findings
+! rowspan="2" |<small>Past medical history</small>
-! rowspan="2" |Additional finding
+! colspan="3" |<small>Diagnostic tests</small>
-! rowspan="2" |Cause
+! rowspan="2" |<small>Other Findings</small>
-! rowspan="2" |Gold standard dignosis
+|- style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;"
+!<small>Headache</small>
+!↓<small>LOC</small>
+!<small>Motor weakness</small>
+!<small>Abnormal sensory</small>
+!<small>Motor Deficit</small>
+!<small>Sensory deficit</small>
+!<small>Speech difficulty</small>
+!<small>Gait abnormality</small>
+!<small>Cranial nerves</small>
+!<small>CT /MRI</small>
+!<small>CSF Findings</small>
+!<small>Gold standard test</small>
 |-
-!Watery
+|style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | [[Brain tumor]]<ref name="pmid10582668">{{cite journal| author=Morgenstern LB, Frankowski RF| title=Brain tumor masquerading as stroke. | journal=J Neurooncol | year= 1999 | volume= 44 | issue= 1 | pages= 47-52 | pmid=10582668 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10582668  }} </ref>
-!Fatty
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
-!Weight loss
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
-!FTT
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
-!Abdominal pain
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" |[[Weight loss]], [[fatigue]]
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center"| +
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" |Cancer cells<ref name="pmid21371327">{{cite journal| author=Weston CL, Glantz MJ, Connor JR| title=Detection of cancer cells in the cerebrospinal fluid: current methods and future directions. | journal=Fluids Barriers CNS | year= 2011 | volume= 8 | issue= 1 | pages= 14 | pmid=21371327 | doi=10.1186/2045-8118-8-14 | pmc=3059292 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21371327  }}</ref>
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |MRI
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Cachexia]], gradual progression of symptoms
 |-
-|[[Celiac disease (patient information)|Celiac disease]]
+|style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Hemorrhagic stroke]]
-| +/-
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
-| +/-
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
-|Childhood
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" |[[Hypertension]]
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | +
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |CT scan  without contrast<ref name="pmid21694755">{{cite journal| author=Birenbaum D, Bancroft LW, Felsberg GJ| title=Imaging in acute stroke. | journal=West J Emerg Med | year= 2011 | volume= 12 | issue= 1 | pages= 67-76 | pmid=21694755 | doi= | pmc=3088377 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21694755  }}</ref><ref name="pmid21807345">{{cite journal| author=DeLaPaz RL, Wippold FJ, Cornelius RS, Amin-Hanjani S, Angtuaco EJ, Broderick DF et al.| title=ACR Appropriateness Criteria® on cerebrovascular disease. | journal=J Am Coll Radiol | year= 2011 | volume= 8 | issue= 8 | pages= 532-8 | pmid=21807345 | doi=10.1016/j.jacr.2011.05.010 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21807345  }}</ref>
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Neck stiffness]]
+|-
+|style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | [[Subdural hematoma|Subdural hemorrhage]]
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" |[[Trauma]], fall
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | +
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Xanthochromia<ref name="pmid1198628">{{cite journal| author=Lee MC, Heaney LM, Jacobson RL, Klassen AC| title=Cerebrospinal fluid in cerebral hemorrhage and infarction. | journal=Stroke | year= 1975 | volume= 6 | issue= 6 | pages= 638-41 | pmid=1198628 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1198628  }}</ref>
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |CT scan  without contrast<ref name="pmid21694755">{{cite journal| author=Birenbaum D, Bancroft LW, Felsberg GJ| title=Imaging in acute stroke. | journal=West J Emerg Med | year= 2011 | volume= 12 | issue= 1 | pages= 67-76 | pmid=21694755 | doi= | pmc=3088377 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21694755  }}</ref><ref name="pmid21807345">{{cite journal| author=DeLaPaz RL, Wippold FJ, Cornelius RS, Amin-Hanjani S, Angtuaco EJ, Broderick DF et al.| title=ACR Appropriateness Criteria® on cerebrovascular disease. | journal=J Am Coll Radiol | year= 2011 | volume= 8 | issue= 8 | pages= 532-8 | pmid=21807345 | doi=10.1016/j.jacr.2011.05.010 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21807345  }}</ref>
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Confusion]], [[dizziness]], [[nausea]], [[vomiting]]
+|-
+|style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Neurosyphilis]]<ref name="pmid22482824">{{cite journal| author=Liu LL, Zheng WH, Tong ML, Liu GL, Zhang HL, Fu ZG et al.| title=Ischemic stroke as a primary symptom of neurosyphilis among HIV-negative emergency patients. | journal=J Neurol Sci | year= 2012 | volume= 317 | issue= 1-2 | pages= 35-9 | pmid=22482824 | doi=10.1016/j.jns.2012.03.003 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22482824  }} </ref><ref name="pmid24365430">{{cite journal |vauthors=Berger JR, Dean D |title=Neurosyphilis |journal=Handb Clin Neurol |volume=121 |issue= |pages=1461–72 |year=2014 |pmid=24365430 |doi=10.1016/B978-0-7020-4088-7.00098-5 |url=}}</ref>
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" |[[Sexually transmitted disease|STI]]<nowiki/>s
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | +
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |'''↑''' [[Leukocytes]] and [[protein]]
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |CSF [[VDRL]]-specifc
+CSF FTA-Ab -sensitive<ref name="pmid22421697">{{cite journal| author=Ho EL, Marra CM| title=Treponemal tests for neurosyphilis--less accurate than what we thought? | journal=Sex Transm Dis | year= 2012 | volume= 39 | issue= 4 | pages= 298-9 | pmid=22421697 | doi=10.1097/OLQ.0b013e31824ee574 | pmc=3746559 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22421697  }}</ref>
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Blindness]], [[confusion]], [[depression]],
-Adult
+Abnormal [[gait]]
-| +
+|-
-| +
+|style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Complex or atypical [[migraine]]
-| +
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
-|
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
-*[[Abdominal distention]]
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
-*[[Tetany]]
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
-*[[Mouth ulcers]]
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
-*[[Dermatitis herpetiformis]]
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
-*Signs of the fat-soluble [[Vitamin A|vitamins A]], [[Vitamin D|D]], E, and K deficiency
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
-|
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
-* IgA endomysial antibody (IgA EMA)
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
-* IgA tissue transglutaminase antibody (IgA tTG)
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" |Family history of [[migraine]]
-* IgG tissue transglutaminase antibody (IgG tTG)
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
-* IgA deamidated gliadin peptide (IgA DGP)
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
-* IgG deamidated gliadin peptide (IgG DGP)
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Clinical assesment
-|
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Presence of aura, [[nausea]], [[vomiting]]
-*[[Gluten-free diet]]
+|-
-|
+|style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Hypertensive encephalopathy]]
-* HLA-DQ2 and/or DQ8 gene mutation
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
-* Innate responses to wheat proteins
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
-|
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
-*Immunoglobulin A (IgA) anti-tissue transglutaminase (TTG) antibody
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" |[[Hypertension]]
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | +
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Clinical assesment
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Delirium]], [[cortical blindness]], [[cerebral edema]], [[seizure]]
+|-
+|style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Wernicke's encephalopathy|Wernicke’s encephalopathy]]
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" |History of alcohal abuse
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Clinical assesment and lab findings
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Ophthalmoplegia]], [[confusion]]
+|-
+|style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Brain abscess|CNS abscess]]
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" |History of [[drug abuse]], [[endocarditis]], [[immunosupression]]
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | +
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |'''↑''' leukocytes, '''↓''' glucose and '''↑''' protien
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |MRI is more sensitive and specific
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |High grade [[fever]], [[fatigue]],[[nausea]], [[vomiting]]
 |-
-|[[Lactose intolerance]]
+|style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Drug toxicity]]
-| +
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
-| -
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
-|Adult
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
-| -
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
-| -
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
-| +
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
-|
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
-*[[Abdominal tenderness]]
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
-|
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
-* Stool osmotic gap of >125 mOsm/kg
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
-* Stool pH <6
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
-|
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
-*Avoidance of dietary [[lactose]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Drug screen test
-*Substitution to maintain nutrient intake
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Lithium]], [[Sedatives]], [[phenytoin]], [[carbamazepine]]
-*Regulation of [[calcium]] intake
-*Use of [[enzyme]] [[lactase]]
-|
-* Acquired primary lactase deficiency
-** Adult-type hypolactasia
-** Lactase nonpersistence)
-|
-*Lactose breath hydrogen test
 |-
-|[[Cystic fibrosis]]
+|style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Conversion disorder]]
-| -
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
-| +
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
-|Infancy and childhood
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
-| +
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
-| +
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
-| +
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
-|
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
-*Digital clubbing
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
-*Respiratory rale, wheeze, and crunckles
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" |
-*Abdominal pain
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" |History of [[emotional stress]]
-*Cyanosis
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
-|
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
-*Positive DNA analysis for CFTR multimutation method
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Diagnosis of exclusion
-*Evaluated nasal transepithelial potential difference (NPD)
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Tremor|Tremors]], [[blindness]], difficulty [[swallowing]]
-|
+|-
-*Disease manifestations in multiple organ systems:
+|style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Metabolic disturbances ([[electrolyte imbalance]], [[hypoglycemia]])
-**Diabetes
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
-**Recurrent upper and lower respiratory tract infections
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
-**Infertility
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
-|Mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
-|
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
-*Elevated sweat chloride ≥60 mmol/L
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Hypoglycemia]], [[Hyponatremia|hypo]] and [[hypernatremia]], [[Hypokalemia|hypo]] and [[hyperkalemia]]
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Depends on the cause
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Confusion]], [[seizure]], [[Palpitation|palpitations]], [[sweating]], [[dizziness]], [[hypoglycemia]]
+|-
+| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Meningitis]] or [[encephalitis]]
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" |History of [[fever]] and [[malaise]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |'''↑''' Leukocytes,
+'''↑''' Protein
+↓ Glucose
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[CSF analysis]]<ref name="pmid19398286">{{cite journal| author=Carbonnelle E| title=[Laboratory diagnosis of bacterial meningitis: usefulness of various tests for the determination of the etiological agent]. | journal=Med Mal Infect | year= 2009 | volume= 39 | issue= 7-8 | pages= 581-605 | pmid=19398286 | doi=10.1016/j.medmal.2009.02.017 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19398286  }}</ref>
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Fever]], [[Neck rigidity|neck]]
+[[Neck rigidity|rigidity]]
 |-
-|[[Laxative abuse|Laxative overuse]]
+| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Multiple sclerosis]] exacerbation
-| +
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
-| -
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
-|After childhood
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
-|<nowiki>+/-</nowiki>
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
-| -
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
-| +/-
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
-|
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
-* enhanced gastrointestinal motility and gastrointestinal sound
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
-* Mild abdominal tenderness
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
-* Abdominal bloating
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" |History of relapses and remissions
-|
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | +
-* Hypokalemia
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |'''↑'''  CSF IgG levels
-* Metabolic alkalosis
+(monoclonal bands)
-* Hypermagnesemia(in case of magnesium laxative usage)
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Clinical assesment and [[MRI]] <ref name="pmid8274111">{{cite journal| author=Giang DW, Grow VM, Mooney C, Mushlin AI, Goodman AD, Mattson DH et al.| title=Clinical diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. The impact of magnetic resonance imaging and ancillary testing. Rochester-Toronto Magnetic Resonance Study Group. | journal=Arch Neurol | year= 1994 | volume= 51 | issue= 1 | pages= 61-6 | pmid=8274111 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8274111  }}</ref>
-|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Blurred vision|Blurry vision]], [[urinary incontinence]], [[fatigue]]
-|Laxative drug abuse
-|
-* laxative screening on a stool for:
-** Diphenolic laxatives (eg, bisacodyl)
-** Polyethylene glycol-containing laxatives
 |-
-|[[Crohns disease]]
+| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Seizure]]
-| +
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
-| -
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
-|Young adults
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | -
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" | +
+|style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px text-align:center" |Previous history of [[seizures]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Mass lesion
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Clinical assesment and [[EEG]] <ref name="pmid11385043">{{cite journal| author=Manford M| title=Assessment and investigation of possible epileptic seizures. | journal=J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry | year= 2001 | volume= 70 Suppl 2 | issue=  | pages= II3-8 | pmid=11385043 | doi= | pmc=1765557 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11385043  }}</ref>
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Confusion]], [[apathy]], [[irritability]],
+|}
-(20th)
+{|
-| +
+|- style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;"
-|
+! rowspan="2" |<small>Diseases</small>
-| +
+! colspan="8" |<small>History and Physical
-|
+! colspan="2" |<small>Diagnostic tests</small>
-*[[Abdominal]] [[tenderness ]]when palpated in severe [[disease]]
+! rowspan="2" |<small>Other Findings</small>
-*Blood seen on [[rectal exam]]
+|- style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;"
-*[[Fever]]
+!<small>Motor Deficit</small>
-*[[Tachycardia]]
+!<small>Sensory deficit</small>
-*[[Hypotension]]
+!<small>Cranial nerve Involvement</small>
-|
+!<small>Autonomic dysfunction</small>
-|
+!<small>Proximal/Distal/Generalized</small>
-*Topical mucosamine and [[corticosteroids]] are preferred
+!<small>Ascending/Descending/Systemic</small>
-*[[Mesalamine]] and [[sulfasalazine]] are used for remission
+!<small>Unilateral (UL)
-|
+or Bilateral (BL)
-|
-*[[Colonoscopy]] with [[biopsy]]
+or
+No Lateralization (NL)</small>
+!<small>Onset</small>
+!<small>Lab or Imaging Findings</small>
+!<small>Specific  test</small>
 |-
-|[[Hyperthyroidism]]
+| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | Adult Botulism
-| +
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | +
-| -
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | -
-|
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | +
-|
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |<nowiki>+</nowiki>
-|
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |Generalized
-|
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |Descending
-|
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |BL
-*Lump in the neck
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |Sudden
-*[[Proptosis]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |Toxin test
-*[[Tremors]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |Blood, Wound, or Stool culture
-*Increased DTR
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |[[Diplopia]], [[Hyporeflexia|Hyporeflexia,]] [[Hypotonia]], possible respiratory paralysis
-|
-*
-|
-*
-|
-|
-*[[TSH]] with [[T3]] and [[T4]]
 |-
-|[[VIPoma]]
+| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Infant Botulism
-| +
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |+
-| -
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |-
-|
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |+
-|<nowiki>+</nowiki>
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |<nowiki>+</nowiki>
-|
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |Generalized
-|
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |Descending
-|
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |BL
-*[[Tachycardia]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |Sudden
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |Toxin test
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |Blood, Wound, or Stool culture
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |[[Flaccid paralysis]] ([[Floppy baby syndrome]]), possible respiratory paralysis
+|-
+| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | [[Guillian-Barre syndrome]]<ref name="pmid22081202">{{cite journal| author=Talukder RK, Sutradhar SR, Rahman KM, Uddin MJ, Akhter H| title=Guillian-Barre syndrome. | journal=Mymensingh Med J | year= 2011 | volume= 20 | issue= 4 | pages= 748-56 | pmid=22081202 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22081202  }}</ref>
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | +
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | -
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | -
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |Generalized
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |Ascending
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |BL
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |Insidious
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |CSF: ↑Protein
+↓Cells
-*[[Rash]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |Clinical & Lumbar Puncture
-*[[Facial flushing]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |Progressive [[ascending paralysis]] following infection, possible respiratory paralysis
-*[[Abdominal distention]]
-*[[Abdominal tenderness]] in the right upper abdominal quadrant
-|
-*
-|
-*[[Dehydration]]
-*[[Lethargy]], [[muscle weakness]]
-*[[Nausea]], [[vomiting]]
-*[[Flushing]]
-|
-|
-*Elevated [[VIP]] levels
-*Followed by imaging
 |-
-|[[Irritable bowel syndrome]]
+| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | [[Eaton lambert syndrome|Eaton Lambert syndrome]]<ref name="pmid27412406">{{cite journal| author=Merino-Ramírez MÁ, Bolton CF| title=Review of the Diagnostic Challenges of Lambert-Eaton Syndrome Revealed Through Three Case Reports. | journal=Can J Neurol Sci | year= 2016 | volume= 43 | issue= 5 | pages= 635-47 | pmid=27412406 | doi=10.1017/cjn.2016.268 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27412406  }}</ref>
-| +
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | +
-| -
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | -
-|
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | +
-|
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |<nowiki>+</nowiki>
-|
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |Generalized
-|
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |Systemic
-|
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |BL
-*[[Abdominal tenderness]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |Intermittent
-*Hard stool in the rectal vault
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | [[EMG]], repetitive nerve stimulation test (RNS)
-|
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |[[Voltage gated calcium channel|Voltage gated calcium channe]]<nowiki/>l<nowiki/> (VGCC) antibody
-|
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |[[Diplopia]], [[ptosis]], improves with movement (as the day progresses)
-*High [[dietary fiber]]
-*[[Osmotic]] [[laxatives]] such as [[polyethylene glycol]], [[sorbitol]], and [[lactulose]]
-*[[Antispasmodic]] drugs (e.g. [[Anticholinergic|anticholinergics]] such as [[hyoscyamine]] or [[dicyclomine]])
-|
-|
-*[[Diagnosis|Clinical diagnosis]]
-**ROME III criteria
-**[[Pharmacological|Pharmacologic]] studies based criteria
 |-
-|[[lactose intolerance]]
+| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Myasthenia gravis]]<ref name="pmid28029925">{{cite journal| author=Gilhus NE| title=Myasthenia Gravis. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2016 | volume= 375 | issue= 26 | pages= 2570-2581 | pmid=28029925 | doi=10.1056/NEJMra1602678 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28029925  }}</ref>
-| -
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | +
-| +
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | -
-|
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | +
-|
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |<nowiki>+</nowiki>
-|
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |Generalized
-|
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |Systemic
-|
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |BL
-*[[Abdominal]] [[tenderness ]]when palpated in severe [[disease]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |Intermittent
-*[[Fever]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | [[Electromyography|EMG]], [[Edrophonium|Edrophonium test]]
-*[[Hypotension]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |[[Acetylcholine receptor|Ach receptor]] antibody
-*[[Tachycardia]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |[[Diplopia]], [[ptosis]], worsening with movement (as the day progresses)
-*[[Nausea and vomiting]]
-|
-*[[Bloating|Bloating,]]
-*[[Flatulence]]
-*Symptoms begin mainly after ingestion of [[lactose]]
-|
-|
-|[[Hydrogen Breath Test|Lactose breath hydrogen test]]
 |-
-|[[Whipple's disease|Whipple disease]]
+| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Electrolyte disturbance]]<ref name="pmid26813501">{{cite journal| author=Ozono K| title=[Diagnostic criteria for vitamin D-deficient rickets and hypocalcemia-]. | journal=Clin Calcium | year= 2016 | volume= 26 | issue= 2 | pages= 215-22 | pmid=26813501 | doi=CliCa1602215222 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26813501  }}</ref>
-| -
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | +
-| +
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | +
-|
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | -
-|<nowiki>+</nowiki>
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
-|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |Generalized
-|<nowiki>+</nowiki>
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |Systemic
-|
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |BL
-*
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |Insidious
-|
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | Electrolyte panel
-*[[Leukocytopenia]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |↓Ca++, ↓Mg++, ↓K+
-*[[Thrombocytopenia]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |Possible [[arrhythmia]]
-|
-*[[Skin hyperpigmentation]]
-*[[Arthralgias]]
-|
-|Upper [[endoscopy]] with [[biopsies]] of the [[small intestine]] for ''[[Tropheryma whipplei|T. whipplei]]'' testing ([[histology]] with [[Periodic acid-Schiff stain|PAS staining]], [[polymerase chain reaction]] [[[PCR]]] testing, and [[immunohistochemistry]])
 |-
-|Allergic enteropathy/Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES)
+| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Organophosphate poisoning|Organophosphate toxicity]]<ref name="pmid15020723">{{cite journal| author=Kamanyire R, Karalliedde L| title=Organophosphate toxicity and occupational exposure. | journal=Occup Med (Lond) | year= 2004 | volume= 54 | issue= 2 | pages= 69-75 | pmid=15020723 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15020723  }}</ref>
-| +
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | +
-| -
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | +
-|Infancy
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | -
-| +/-
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |<nowiki>+</nowiki>
-| +/-
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |Generalized
-| +
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |Ascending
-|
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |BL
-*Nausea
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |Sudden
-*Vomiting
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | Clinical diagnosis: physical exam & history
-*Abdominal distention
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |Clinical suspicion confirmed with RBC AchE activity
-|S/E:
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |History of exposure to i[[Insecticide|nsecticide]] or living in farming environment. with : [[Diarrhea]], [[Urination]], [[Miosis]], [[Bradycardia]], [[Lacrimation]], [[Emesis]], [[Salivation]], [[Sweating]]
-*Blood-tinged and mucusy
-*Polymorphonuclear leukocytes presence
-|
-*triggered by cow's milk protein
-*profuse, repetitive vomiting
-|
-|oral food challenge (OFC)
 |-
-|[[Eosinophilic gastroenteritis]]
+| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Tick paralysis]] ([[Dermacentor andersoni|Dermacentor tick]])<ref name="pmid23677663">{{cite journal| author=Pecina CA| title=Tick paralysis. | journal=Semin Neurol | year= 2012 | volume= 32 | issue= 5 | pages= 531-2 | pmid=23677663 | doi=10.1055/s-0033-1334474 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23677663  }}</ref>
-| +
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | +
-| -
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | -
-|3rd decade
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | -
-| +/-
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
-| +/-
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |Generalized
-| +
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |Ascending
-|
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |BL
-*Nausea
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |Insidious
-*Vomiting
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | Clinical diagnosis: physical exam & history
-*Abdominal distention
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |-
-|
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |History of outdoor activity in Northeastern United States. The tick is often still latched to the patient at presentation (often in head and neck area)
-*elevated serum IgE levels
-*abnormal D-xylose test
-|
-*one-half of patients have other allergic diseases
-*associated with an identifiable dietary antigen
-|
-|eosinophilic infiltration of the gastrointestinal tract on biopsy
 |-
-|[[Microscopic colitis]]
+| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Tetrodotoxin]] poisoning<ref name="pmid24566728">{{cite journal| author=Bane V, Lehane M, Dikshit M, O'Riordan A, Furey A| title=Tetrodotoxin: chemistry, toxicity, source, distribution and detection. | journal=Toxins (Basel) | year= 2014 | volume= 6 | issue= 2 | pages= 693-755 | pmid=24566728 | doi=10.3390/toxins6020693 | pmc=3942760 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24566728  }}</ref>
-| +
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | +
-| -
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | -
-|6th decde
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | +
-| +
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |<nowiki>+</nowiki>
-| -
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |Generalized
-| +
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |Systemic
-|
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |BL
-*Abdominal tenderness
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |Sudden
-|
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | Clinical diagnosis: physical exam & dietary history
-*autoantibodies include:
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | -
-**RF
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | History of consumption of puffer fish species.
-**ANA
-**AMA
-**ANCA
-|
-*Fecal urgency
-*Incontinence
-*My be associated with extraintestinal symptoms, such as:
-**Arthralgia
-**Arthritis
-**Uveitis
-|
-|
-*A colonoscopy with mucosal biopsy with mononuclear infiltrates:
-**Collagenous colitis is characterized by a colonic subepithelial collagen band >10 micrometers in diameter
-**Lymphocytic colitis is characterized by ≥20 intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) per 100 surface epithelial cells
 |-
-|Congenital chloride diarrhea
+| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Stroke]]<ref name="pmid8848683">{{cite journal| author=Kuntzer T, Hirt L, Bogousslavsky J| title=[Neuromuscular involvement and cerebrovascular accidents]. | journal=Rev Med Suisse Romande | year= 1996 | volume= 116 | issue= 8 | pages= 605-9 | pmid=8848683 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8848683  }}</ref>
-|<nowiki>+</nowiki>
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | +/-
-|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | +/-
-|Neonate
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | +/-
-|<nowiki>+</nowiki>
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |<nowiki>+/-</nowiki>
-|<nowiki>+</nowiki>
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |Generalized
-|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |Systemic
-|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |UL
-|
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |Sudden
-*Hyponatremia
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | MRI +ve for ischemia or hemorrhage
-*Hypochloremia
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |MRI
-*Metabolic alkalosis
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |Sudden unilateral motor and sensory deficit in a patient with a history of [[Atherosclerosis|atherosclero]]<nowiki/>tic risk factors (diabetes, hypertension, smoking) or [[Atrial fibrillation|atrial fibrillation.]]
-|
-*History of polyhydramnios
-*Mutations in the ''SLC26A3'' gene
-**Encodes for an epithelial anion exchanger
-|
-|
-*Excessive fecal secretion of chloride
 |-
-|Congenital sodium diarrhea
+| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align:center;" | [[Poliomyelitis]]<ref name="pmid19944665">{{cite journal| author=Laffont I, Julia M, Tiffreau V, Yelnik A, Herisson C, Pelissier J| title=Aging and sequelae of poliomyelitis. | journal=Ann Phys Rehabil Med | year= 2010 | volume= 53 | issue= 1 | pages= 24-33 | pmid=19944665 | doi=10.1016/j.rehab.2009.10.002 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19944665  }}</ref>
-| +
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |+
-| -
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |+
-|Neonate
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |+
-| +
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |+/-
-| +
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |Proximal > Distal
-| -
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |Systemic
-| -
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |BL or UL
-|S/E:
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |Sudden
-*Alkaline
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |
-*Fecal sodium concentrations
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |PCR of CSF
-Serum:
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |Asymmetric paralysis following a flu-like syndrome.
-*Metabolic acidosis
-*Hyponatremia
-|
-*May be associated with choanal or anal atresia
-|
-|
 |-
-|Glucose-galactose malabsorption
+| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align:center;" | [[Transverse myelitis]]<ref name="pmid24099672">{{cite journal| author=West TW| title=Transverse myelitis--a review of the presentation, diagnosis, and initial management. | journal=Discov Med | year= 2013 | volume= 16 | issue= 88 | pages= 167-77 | pmid=24099672 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24099672  }}</ref>
-| +
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |+
-| -
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |+
-|Infancy
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |+
-| +
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |<nowiki>+</nowiki>
-| +/-
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |Proximal > Distal
-| +
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |Systemic
-|Abdominal tenderness
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |BL or UL
-|
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |Sudden
-|
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |MRI & [[Lumbar puncture]]
-*severe life-threatening diarrhea
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |MRI
-*Dehydration
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |History of chronic viral or autoimmune disease (e.g. [[HIV]])
-*Symptomatic as long as the diet includes lactose or its hydrolysis products, glucose and galactose
-|
-|
-*positive glucose breath hydrogen test + normal intestinal biopsy
 |-
-|Abetalipoproteinemia
+| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Neurosyphilis]]<ref name="pmid22482824">{{cite journal| author=Liu LL, Zheng WH, Tong ML, Liu GL, Zhang HL, Fu ZG et al.| title=Ischemic stroke as a primary symptom of neurosyphilis among HIV-negative emergency patients. | journal=J Neurol Sci | year= 2012 | volume= 317 | issue= 1-2 | pages= 35-9 | pmid=22482824 | doi=10.1016/j.jns.2012.03.003 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22482824  }} </ref><ref name="pmid24365430">{{cite journal |vauthors=Berger JR, Dean D |title=Neurosyphilis |journal=Handb Clin Neurol |volume=121 |issue= |pages=1461–72 |year=2014 |pmid=24365430 |doi=10.1016/B978-0-7020-4088-7.00098-5 |url=}}</ref>
-| -
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | +
-| +
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | +
-|Infancy
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | -
-| +
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |+/-
-| +
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |Generalized
-| +
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |Systemic
-|Abdominal distention
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |BL
-Impaired visual acuity and visual field defects
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |Insidious<nowiki/>
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |MRI & [[Lumbar puncture]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |CSF [[VDRL]]-specifc
+CSF [[FTA-ABS|FTA-Ab]] -sensitive<ref name="pmid22421697">{{cite journal| author=Ho EL, Marra CM| title=Treponemal tests for neurosyphilis--less accurate than what we thought? | journal=Sex Transm Dis | year= 2012 | volume= 39 | issue= 4 | pages= 298-9 | pmid=22421697 | doi=10.1097/OLQ.0b013e31824ee574 | pmc=3746559 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22421697  }}</ref>
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |History of unprotected sex or multiple sexual partners.
-Dysarthria
+History of [[genital ulcer]] ([[chancre]]), diffuse [[Maculopapular rash|maculopapular ras]]<nowiki/>h.
-|Low triglyceride
+|-
-Low total cholesterol levels
+| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align:center;" |[[Muscular dystrophy]]<ref name="pmid26457695">{{cite journal| author=Falzarano MS, Scotton C, Passarelli C, Ferlini A| title=Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: From Diagnosis to Therapy. | journal=Molecules | year= 2015 | volume= 20 | issue= 10 | pages= 18168-84 | pmid=26457695 | doi=10.3390/molecules201018168 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26457695  }}</ref>
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | +
-Acanthocytes
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | -
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | -
-Low vitamin E levels
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
-|Clumsiness
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |Proximal > Distal
-vision impairment
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |Systemic
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |BL
-Ataxia
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |Insidious
-|
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | Genetic testing
-* autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations encoding the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP)
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |[[Muscle biopsy]]
-|Clinical findings and low triglyceride and cholesterol level
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |Progressive proximal lower limb weakness with calf pseudohypertrophy in early childhood. [[Gowers' sign|Gower sign]] positive.
 |-
-|Primary bile acid malabsorption
+| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Multiple sclerosis]] exacerbation<ref name="pmid27432676">{{cite journal| author=Filippi M, Preziosa P, Rocca MA| title=Multiple sclerosis. | journal=Handb Clin Neurol | year= 2016 | volume= 135 | issue=  | pages= 399-423 | pmid=27432676 | doi=10.1016/B978-0-444-53485-9.00020-9 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27432676  }}</ref>
-| +
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | +
-| +/-
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | +
-|Childhood Adolescents
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | +
-| +
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |<nowiki>+</nowiki>
-| +
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |Generalized
-| +/-
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |Systemic
-| -
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |NL
-|
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |Sudden
-|Disease hetergenicity lead to varying presentation from chronic diarrhea without significant fat malabsorption to severe watery diarrhea and steatorrhea with malnutrition
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |'''[[CSF|↑]]'''[[CSF]] [[IgG]] levels
-|
+(monoclonal)
-* genetic defects in ''SLC10A2'' (solute carrier family 10 member 2 gene)
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |Clinical assessment and [[MRI]] <ref name="pmid8274111">{{cite journal| author=Giang DW, Grow VM, Mooney C, Mushlin AI, Goodman AD, Mattson DH et al.| title=Clinical diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. The impact of magnetic resonance imaging and ancillary testing. Rochester-Toronto Magnetic Resonance Study Group. | journal=Arch Neurol | year= 1994 | volume= 51 | issue= 1 | pages= 61-6 | pmid=8274111 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8274111  }}</ref>
-|
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |[[Blurred vision|Blurry vision]], [[urinary incontinence]], [[fatigue]]
-* Total and specific bile acids from stool
-* Gamma emitter selenium-75-homocholic acid taurine (SeHCAT)
 |-
-! rowspan="2" |Cause
+| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |[[Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]]<ref name="pmid27025851">{{cite journal| author=Riva N, Agosta F, Lunetta C, Filippi M, Quattrini A| title=Recent advances in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. | journal=J Neurol | year= 2016 | volume= 263 | issue= 6 | pages= 1241-54 | pmid=27025851 | doi=10.1007/s00415-016-8091-6 | pmc=4893385 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27025851  }}</ref>
-! colspan="2" |Diarrhea
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | +
-! rowspan="2" |Age of onset
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | -
-! colspan="3" |History
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | -
-! rowspan="2" |Physical exam
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
-! rowspan="2" |Lab findings
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |Generalized
-! rowspan="2" |Additional finding
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |Systemic
-! rowspan="2" |Cause
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |BL
-! rowspan="2" |Gold standard dignosis
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |Insidious
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | Normal [[Lumbar puncture|LP]] (to rule out DDx)
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |MRI & [[Lumbar puncture|LP]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |Patient initially presents with [[upper motor neuron]] deficit ([[spasticity]]) followed by [[lower motor neuron]] deficit ([[flaccidity]]).
 |-
-!Watery
+| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align:center;" | [[Myositis|Inflammatory myopathy]]<ref name="pmid26290112">{{cite journal| author=Michelle EH, Mammen AL| title=Myositis Mimics. | journal=Curr Rheumatol Rep | year= 2015 | volume= 17 | issue= 10 | pages= 63 | pmid=26290112 | doi=10.1007/s11926-015-0541-0 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26290112  }}</ref>
-!Fatty
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |+
-!Weight loss
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |-
-!FTT
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" | -
-!Abdominal pain
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |Proximal > Distal
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |Systemic
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |UL or BL
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |Insidious
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |Elevated [[Creatine kinase|CK]] & [[Aldolase]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |[[Muscle biopsy]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align:center" |Progressive proximal muscle weakness in 3rd to 5th decade of life. With or without skin manifestations.
 |-
-|Gastrinoma (Zollinger-Ellison syndrome)
-| +
-| -
-|between the ages of 20 and 50
-| +
-| +/-
-| +
-|Mild to moderate upper abdominal tenderness
-|Positive secretin stimulation test
-Elevated serum chromogranin A
-|heartburn
-|Gastrin producing tumor mainly in duodenum
-|elevated basal or stimulated serum gastrin more than 1000 pg/mL
 |}
-BULLETED
-*[[Abscess]]
-*[[Acute bronchitis]]
-*[[Acute retinal necrosis]]
-*[[Adenoiditis]]
-*[[African trypanosomiasis]]
-*[[Allergic proctocolitis]]
-*[[Amoebic liver abscess]]
-*[[Anal abscess]]
-*[[Aphthous ulcer]]
-*[[Appendicular abscess]]
-*[[Ascariasis]]
-*[[Asymptomatic bacteriuria]]
-*[[Atrophic vaginitis]]
-*[[Bacterial endophthalmitis]]
-*[[Bacterial gastroenteritis]]
-*[[Bacterial meningitis]]
-*[[Bacterial vaginosis]]
-*[[Balanitis]]
-*[[Blastomycosis]]
-*[[Blebitis]]
-*[[Bleb-related endophthalmitis]]
-*[[Blepharitis]]
-*[[Boil]]
-*[[Bourbon virus infection]]
-*[[Brain abscess]]
-*[[Breast abscess]]
-*[[Bronchiolitis]]
-*[[Bronchitis]]
-*[[Brucellosis]]
-*[[Bursitis]]
-*[[Candida vaginitis]]
-*[[Candidiasis]]
-*[[Cervicitis]]
-*[[Chagas disease]]
-*[[Chicken pox]]
-*[[Chlamydia]]
-*[[Cholangitis]]
-*[[Cholera]]
-*[[Chronic bronchitis]]
-*[[Chronic diarrhea]]
-*[[Cmv infection]]
-*[[Coccidiomycosis]]
-*[[Colitis]]
-*[[Colonic abscess]]
-*[[Common cold]]
-*[[Congenital cmv]]
-*[[Congenital herpes syndrome]]
-*[[Congenital infectious landing page]]
-*[[Congenital rubella syndrome]]
-*[[Congenital syphilis]]
-*[[Congenital toxoplasmosis]]
-*[[Congenital varicella]]
-*[[Conjunctivitis]]
-*[[Coxsackie a virus]]
-*[[Coxsackie b]]
-*[[Coxsackie virus]]
-*[[Cryptococcus]]
-*[[Cutaneous abscess]]
-*[[Cysticercosis]]
-*[[Cysticericosis]]
-*[[Cystitis]]
-*[[Dacryocystitis]]
-*[[Dermatophytosis]]
-*[[Diphtheria]]
-*[[Diphyllobothriasis]]
-*[[Diphyllobothrium]]
-*[[Diverticulitis]]
-*[[Drug-induced proctocolitis]]
-*[[Echinococcosis]]
-*[[Echinococcus]]
-*[[Empyema]]
-*[[Endogenous endophthalmitis]]
-*[[Endophtamitis]]
-*[[Enterobiasis]]
-*[[Eosinophilic gastroenteritis]]
-*[[Epididymo-orchitis]]
-*[[Epiglotitis]]
-*[[Erysipelas]]
-*[[Erysipeloid]]
-*[[Erythrasma]]
-*[[Esophageal candidiasis]]
-*[[Filariasis]]
-*[[Fournier gangrene]]
-*[[Fungal meningitis]]
-*[[Gardernerella vaginalis]]
-*[[Gastroenteritis]]
-*[[Gonorrhea]]
-*[[Group a streptococcal infection]]
-*[[Haemophilus influenzae infection]]
-*[[Hand foot and mouth disease]]
-*[[Hantavirus infection]]
-*[[Helicobacter pylori infection]]
-*[[Hepatitis]]
-*[[Hepatitis A]]
-*[[Hepatitis B]]
-*[[Hepatitis c|Hepatitis C]]
-*[[Hepatitis D]]
-*[[Herpangina]]
-*[[Herpes simplex]]
-*[[Histoplasmosis]]
-*[[Hiv]]
-*[[HPV infection]]
-*[[Impetigo]]
-*[[Infectious colitis]]
-*[[Infectious proctocolitis]]
-*[[Ischemic colitis]]
-*[[Laryngitis]]
-*[[Leptospirosis]]
-*[[Listeriosis]]
-*[[Liver abscess]]
-*[[Lung abscess]]
-*[[Lymes disease]]
-*[[Lymphangitis]]
-*[[Mastitis]]
-*[[Mastoiditis]]
-*[[Meningitis]]
-*[[Microscopic colitis]]
-*[[Microsporidiosis]]
-*[[Molluscum contagiosum]]
-*[[Mucormycosis]]
-*[[Mycoplasma genitalium]]
-*[[Mycoplasma genitalium infection]]
-*[[Necrotizing fasciitis]]
-*[[Noma]]
-*[[Ophthalmia neonatorum]]
-*[[Orbital cellulitis]]
-*[[Oropharyngeal candidiasis]]
-*[[Osteomyelitis]]
-*[[Otitis externa]]
-*[[Pancreatic abscess]]
-*[[Peliosis hepatis]]
-*[[Pelvic inflammatory disease]]
-*[[Peritonitis]]
-*[[Pharyngitis]]
-*[[Phlebitis]]
-*[[Pleural effusion]]
-*[[Post-operative endophthalmitis]]
-*[[Post-traumatic endophthalmitis]]
-*[[Pott's disease]]
-*[[Progressive outer retinal necrosis]]
-*[[Prostatitis]]
-*[[Psittacosis]]
-*[[Pubic lice]]
-*[[Pyelonephritis]]
-*[[Pyogenic liver abscess]]
-*[[Pyomyositis]]
-*[[Q fever]]
-*[[Radiation proctocolitis]]
-*[[Retroperitoneal abscess]]
-*[[Retropharyngeal abscess]]
-*[[Rhinitis]]
-*[[Rhinosinusitis]]
-*[[Roseola|Roseola (exanthem subitum)]]
-*[[Rotavirus infection]]
-*[[Rubella]]
-*[[Salmonella enterica]]
-*[[Scabies]]
-*[[Seborrheic dermatitis]]
-*[[Secondary peritonitis]]
-*[[Sepsis]]
-*[[Septic arthritis]]
-*[[Splenic abscess]]
-*[[Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis]]
-*[[Staphylococcus aureus infection]]
-*[[Sexually transmitted disease|S]]TD
-*[[Stomatitis]]
-*[[Strep throat]]
-*[[Strongyloidiasis]]
-*[[Syphilis]]
-*[[Tetanus]]
-*[[Tonsilar abscess]]
-*[[Tonsillitis]]
-*[[Toxic shock syndrome]]
-*[[Toxoplasmosis]]
-*[[Trench mouth]]
-*[[Trichomonas]]
-*[[Trichuriasis]]
-*[[Tropical sprue]]
-*[[Trypanosomiasis]]
-*[[Typhoid fever]]
-*[[Typhus]]
-*[[Ulcerative colitis]]
-*[[Ureaplasma urealyticum]]
-*[[Urethritis]]
-*[[Uti]]
-*[[Uveitis]]
-*[[Vaccine mediated polio]]
-*[[Vaginitis]]
-*[[Viral gastroenteritis]]
-*[[Viral meningitis]]
-*[[Whip worm infection]]
-*[[Wool Sorter's Disease|Wool sorter's disease]]
-*[[Zika virus]]

Sandbox mir: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 19:33, 27 September 2017

Differential diagnosis

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