Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome overview: Difference between revisions
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==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome (APS) are a group of [[autoimmune disorders]] against multiple (poly) [[endocrine]] organs, although non endocrine [[organs]] may be affected. Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome is also known as polyglandular autoimmune syndrome and polyendocrine autoimmune syndrome. In autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome there is loss of self tolerance and the [[immune system]] attacks various [[endocrine]] and nonendocrine [[organs]] throughout the body. APS is seen in [[genetic]] susceptible individuals who when exposed to certain environmental triggers (such as [[infection]]) leads to [[autoimmunity]]. The involvement of [[endocrine gland]]s can be simultaneous or sequential. The [[autoimmune]] reaction can either be [[humoral]] or cell mediated which may lead to partial or complete destruction of the [[tissue]] involved. The common [[endocrine glands]] involved are [[parathyroids]], [[adrenal gland|adrenals]], [[thyroid]], and [[pancreas]]. However any other non endocrine [[gland]]/[[tissue]] of the body may be involved. | |||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
Revision as of 18:21, 5 October 2017
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Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome Microchapters |
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Differentiating Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome from other Diseases |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
Historical Perspective
In 19th century physicians first focussed their attention on constellation of symptoms associated with autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome. In 1855, Thomas Addison identified patients with Addison's disease who also appeared to have coexisting pernicious anemia. In 1956, Roitt and Doniach found that patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis had circulating autoantibodies reacting with thyroid gland. In 1980, Neufeld and Blizzard first developed the classification for polyglandular failure and in 1982 categorised autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome into type 1 and type 2.
Classification
On the basis of organ involvement, autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome (APS) can be classified into APS type 1, APS type 2 and APS type 3. APS type 1 commonly presents with mucocutaneous candidiasis, hypoparathyroidism and Addison's disease. APS type 2 commonly presents with Addison's disease, autoimmune thyroiditis and diabetes mellitus type 1. APS type 3 commonly presents with autoimmune thyroiditis, diabetes mellitus type 1 and pernicious anemia.
Pathophysiology
Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome (APS) are a group of autoimmune disorders against multiple (poly) endocrine organs, although non endocrine organs may be affected. Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome is also known as polyglandular autoimmune syndrome and polyendocrine autoimmune syndrome. In autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome there is loss of self tolerance and the immune system attacks various endocrine and nonendocrine organs throughout the body. APS is seen in genetic susceptible individuals who when exposed to certain environmental triggers (such as infection) leads to autoimmunity. The involvement of endocrine glands can be simultaneous or sequential. The autoimmune reaction can either be humoral or cell mediated which may lead to partial or complete destruction of the tissue involved. The common endocrine glands involved are parathyroids, adrenals, thyroid, and pancreas. However any other non endocrine gland/tissue of the body may be involved.