Toxic multinodular goiter echocardiography or ultrasound: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
== | ==Ultrasound== | ||
*Thyroid ultrasonography is the imaging method of choice in the diagnosis of multinodular goiter. | |||
*Findings on an ultrasonography suggestive of multinodular goiter include more than one nodule including the non-palpable nodules cysts with varying echogenicity. *Thyroid ultrasonography helps in assessment of size and number of nodules. | |||
*Assessment of vascular characteristics of a thyroid nodule with Doppler helps in screening thyroid nodules for malignancy.the risk of malignancy is lower in nodules with a predominantly perinodular pattern than in nodules with an exclusively central vascular pattern. | |||
*Findings on ultrasonography suggestive of multinodular goiter benign nodules include | |||
**iso-hyperechoic nodules | |||
**surrounding hypoechoic halo | |||
**spongelike/honeycomb pattern | |||
**peripheral (eggshell) or coarse calcifications. | |||
**Doppler: | |||
***peripheral vessels are usually noted | |||
***the risk of malignancy is lower in nodules with a predominantly perinodular pattern | |||
*Findings on ultrasonography suggestive of multinodular goiter malignant nodules include: | |||
**hypoechoic solid | |||
**intranodular blood flow. | |||
**Presence of microcalcifications | |||
**size greater than 10mm | |||
**the risk of malignancy is higher in nodules with an exclusively central vascular pattern. | |||
*It is important to screen for presence of malignant features (if any) and futher investigate with fine needle aspiration biopsy(FNAB) from the suspicious nodule. | |||
*Thyroid ultrasonography can be used to guide FNAB. ultrasonography-guided FNAB may be preferable to palpation-guided FNAB. | |||
*The possibility of measuring thyroid volume is another highly useful feature of ultrasonographic studies particularly after therapy with L-T4 or radioiodine ablation | |||
*Mazzaglia concluded that surgeon-performed ultrasonographic examinations can be used to make necessary changes in surgical treatment and to avoid unnecessary surgery. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 13:47, 10 October 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
Ultrasound
- Thyroid ultrasonography is the imaging method of choice in the diagnosis of multinodular goiter.
- Findings on an ultrasonography suggestive of multinodular goiter include more than one nodule including the non-palpable nodules cysts with varying echogenicity. *Thyroid ultrasonography helps in assessment of size and number of nodules.
- Assessment of vascular characteristics of a thyroid nodule with Doppler helps in screening thyroid nodules for malignancy.the risk of malignancy is lower in nodules with a predominantly perinodular pattern than in nodules with an exclusively central vascular pattern.
- Findings on ultrasonography suggestive of multinodular goiter benign nodules include
- iso-hyperechoic nodules
- surrounding hypoechoic halo
- spongelike/honeycomb pattern
- peripheral (eggshell) or coarse calcifications.
- Doppler:
- peripheral vessels are usually noted
- the risk of malignancy is lower in nodules with a predominantly perinodular pattern
- Findings on ultrasonography suggestive of multinodular goiter malignant nodules include:
- hypoechoic solid
- intranodular blood flow.
- Presence of microcalcifications
- size greater than 10mm
- the risk of malignancy is higher in nodules with an exclusively central vascular pattern.
- It is important to screen for presence of malignant features (if any) and futher investigate with fine needle aspiration biopsy(FNAB) from the suspicious nodule.
- Thyroid ultrasonography can be used to guide FNAB. ultrasonography-guided FNAB may be preferable to palpation-guided FNAB.
- The possibility of measuring thyroid volume is another highly useful feature of ultrasonographic studies particularly after therapy with L-T4 or radioiodine ablation
- Mazzaglia concluded that surgeon-performed ultrasonographic examinations can be used to make necessary changes in surgical treatment and to avoid unnecessary surgery.