Toxic multinodular goiter echocardiography or ultrasound: Difference between revisions
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*Findings on ultrasonography suggestive of multinodular goiter benign nodules include:<ref name="pmid21543434">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bahn RS, Castro MR |title=Approach to the patient with nontoxic multinodular goiter |journal=J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. |volume=96 |issue=5 |pages=1202–12 |year=2011 |pmid=21543434 |doi=10.1210/jc.2010-2583 |url=}}</ref> | *Findings on ultrasonography suggestive of multinodular goiter benign nodules include:<ref name="pmid21543434">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bahn RS, Castro MR |title=Approach to the patient with nontoxic multinodular goiter |journal=J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. |volume=96 |issue=5 |pages=1202–12 |year=2011 |pmid=21543434 |doi=10.1210/jc.2010-2583 |url=}}</ref> | ||
** | **Iso-hyperechoic nodules | ||
** | **Surrounding hypoechoic halo | ||
** | **Spongelike/honeycomb pattern | ||
** | **Peripheral (eggshell) or coarse calcifications. | ||
**Doppler: | **Doppler: | ||
*** | ***Peripheral vessels are usually noted | ||
*** | ***The risk of malignancy is lower in nodules with a predominantly perinodular pattern | ||
*Findings on ultrasonography suggestive of multinodular goiter malignant nodules include:<ref name="pmid21543434">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bahn RS, Castro MR |title=Approach to the patient with nontoxic multinodular goiter |journal=J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. |volume=96 |issue=5 |pages=1202–12 |year=2011 |pmid=21543434 |doi=10.1210/jc.2010-2583 |url=}}</ref> | *Findings on ultrasonography suggestive of multinodular goiter malignant nodules include:<ref name="pmid21543434">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bahn RS, Castro MR |title=Approach to the patient with nontoxic multinodular goiter |journal=J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. |volume=96 |issue=5 |pages=1202–12 |year=2011 |pmid=21543434 |doi=10.1210/jc.2010-2583 |url=}}</ref> | ||
** | **Hypoechoic solid | ||
** | **Intranodular blood flow. | ||
**Presence of microcalcifications | **Presence of microcalcifications | ||
** | **Size greater than 10mm | ||
**Doppler:the risk of malignancy is higher in nodules with an exclusively central vascular pattern. | **Doppler:the risk of malignancy is higher in nodules with an exclusively central vascular pattern. | ||
Revision as of 13:59, 10 October 2017
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Toxic multinodular goiter Microchapters |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
Ultrasound
- Thyroid ultrasonography is the imaging method of choice in the diagnosis of multinodular goiter.
- Findings on an ultrasonography suggestive of multinodular goiter include more than one nodule including the non-palpable nodules cysts with varying echogenicity.
- Thyroid ultrasonography helps in assessment of size and number of nodules. Surgeon-performed ultrasonographic examinations can be used to make necessary changes in surgical treatment and to avoid unnecessary surgery.[1]
- Assessment of vascular characteristics of a thyroid nodule with Doppler helps in screening thyroid nodules for malignancy.
- Findings on ultrasonography suggestive of multinodular goiter benign nodules include:[2]
- Iso-hyperechoic nodules
- Surrounding hypoechoic halo
- Spongelike/honeycomb pattern
- Peripheral (eggshell) or coarse calcifications.
- Doppler:
- Peripheral vessels are usually noted
- The risk of malignancy is lower in nodules with a predominantly perinodular pattern
- Findings on ultrasonography suggestive of multinodular goiter malignant nodules include:[2]
- Hypoechoic solid
- Intranodular blood flow.
- Presence of microcalcifications
- Size greater than 10mm
- Doppler:the risk of malignancy is higher in nodules with an exclusively central vascular pattern.
- It is important to screen for presence of malignant features (if any) and futher investigate with fine needle aspiration biopsy(FNAB) from the suspicious nodule.
- Thyroid ultrasonography can be used to guide FNAB. ultrasonography-guided FNAB may be preferable to palpation-guided FNAB.
- The possibility of measuring thyroid volume is another highly useful feature of ultrasonographic studies particularly after therapy with L-T4 or radioiodine ablation
References
- ↑ Mazzaglia PJ (2010). "Surgeon-performed ultrasound in patients referred for thyroid disease improves patient care by minimizing performance of unnecessary procedures and optimizing surgical treatment". World J Surg. 34 (6): 1164–70. doi:10.1007/s00268-010-0402-y. PMID 20135315.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Bahn RS, Castro MR (2011). "Approach to the patient with nontoxic multinodular goiter". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 96 (5): 1202–12. doi:10.1210/jc.2010-2583. PMID 21543434.