Hemolytic anemia natural history, complications and prognosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Complications

The complications depend on the specific type of hemolytic anemia.

• Severe anemia can cause cardiovascular collapse (failure of the heart and blood pressure, leading to death).
• Severe anemias can exacerbate heart disease, lung disease, or cerebrovascular disease.
• Severe anemia can result in transfusion dependence, in which a patient requires ongoing blood transfusions with packed red blood cells. Complications of transfusion include:
  • Transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO)
  • Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI)
  • Iron overload, or hemosiderosis
    • Transfusion reaction due to ABO blood group incompatibility

Prognosis

The outcome depends on the type and cause of hemolytic anemia.