Sandbox:DD HA

DD of hemolytic anemia

Characterisitc/Parameter	Etiology	Mean corpuscular volume	Laboratory abnormalities	Physical examination	Treatment	Other associated abnormalities
Hemolytic anemia	Drug-induced Immune-mediated Non-immune-mediated Infections Rheumatologic disease	Normocytic (80-100 femtoliter)	Indirect hyperbilirubinemia Reticulocytosis Low haptoglobin Elevated LDH	Pallor Jaundice
Sideroblastic anemia	Alcoholism Lead poisoning Vitamin B6 deficiency Isoniazid Chloramphenicol	Microcytic (<80 femtoliter) Or Normocytic (80-100 femtoliter)	Ringed sideroblasts in bone marrow Low vitamin B6 level High lead level	Pallor Weakness
Anemia of chronic disease	Chronic kidney disease Rheumatologic disease Cancer HIV Chronic infection; excess release of IL-1 and IL-6	Normocytic (80-100 femtoliter)	Elevated ESR and CRP Elevated hepcidin Low serum iron Low transferrin Elevated ferritin
Thalassemia	Genetic defect with alpha- or beta-globin production	Microcytic (<80 femtoliter)	Abnormal hemoglobin electrophoresis (in beta-thalassemia)
Iron deficiency anemia	Loss of iron from gastrointestinal blood loss or menstrual blood loss	Microcytic (<80 femtoliter)	Low serum iron Elevated transferrin Low transferrin saturation Low ferritin
Erythropoietin deficiency	Chronic kidney disease or other renal dysfunction	Normocytic (80-100 femtoliter)	Low erythropoietin level
Vitamin B12 or folate deficiency	Pernicious anemia Diphyllobothrium latum infection Nutritional deficiency Crohn's disease of terminal ileum	Macrocytic (>100 femtoliter)	Low vitamin B12 or folate level Megaloblastic anemia with hypersegmented neutrophils