Chronic pancreatitis causes: Difference between revisions
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*** Autoimmune pancreatitis | *** Autoimmune pancreatitis | ||
*** Associated with other systemic disorders (Sjogren syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, or primary biliary cholangitis) | *** Associated with other systemic disorders (Sjogren syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, or primary biliary cholangitis) | ||
** Obstruction | ** Obstruction<ref name="pmid9219783">{{cite journal |vauthors=Tarnasky PR, Hoffman B, Aabakken L, Knapple WL, Coyle W, Pineau B, Cunningham JT, Cotton PB, Hawes RH |title=Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction is associated with chronic pancreatitis |journal=Am. J. Gastroenterol. |volume=92 |issue=7 |pages=1125–9 |year=1997 |pmid=9219783 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
*** Fibrotic stenosis of either the papilla of Vater or the main pancreatic duct | *** Fibrotic stenosis of either the papilla of Vater or the main pancreatic duct | ||
*** Trauma | *** Trauma | ||
| Line 21: | Line 21: | ||
*** Stones | *** Stones | ||
*** Tumors | *** Tumors | ||
*** Pancreas divisum | *** Pancreas divisum<ref name="pmid7728342">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lehman GA, Sherman S |title=Pancreas divisum. Diagnosis, clinical significance, and management alternatives |journal=Gastrointest. Endosc. Clin. N. Am. |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=145–70 |year=1995 |pmid=7728342 |doi= |url=}}</ref> <ref name="pmid4043675">{{cite journal |vauthors=Delhaye M, Engelholm L, Cremer M |title=Pancreas divisum: congenital anatomic variant or anomaly? Contribution of endoscopic retrograde dorsal pancreatography |journal=Gastroenterology |volume=89 |issue=5 |pages=951–8 |year=1985 |pmid=4043675 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid8885346">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sherman S, Hawes RH, Savides TJ, Gress FG, Ikenberry SO, Smith MT, Zaidi S, Lehman GA |title=Stent-induced pancreatic ductal and parenchymal changes: correlation of endoscopic ultrasound with ERCP |journal=Gastrointest. Endosc. |volume=44 |issue=3 |pages=276–82 |year=1996 |pmid=8885346 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid8885345">{{cite journal |vauthors=Smith MT, Sherman S, Ikenberry SO, Hawes RH, Lehman GA |title=Alterations in pancreatic ductal morphology following polyethylene pancreatic stent therapy |journal=Gastrointest. Endosc. |volume=44 |issue=3 |pages=268–75 |year=1996 |pmid=8885345 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
** Anatomic variations | ** Anatomic variations | ||
*** Pancreas divisum | *** Pancreas divisum | ||
| Line 35: | Line 35: | ||
*** SPINK1 | *** SPINK1 | ||
*** PRSS1 gene mutations | *** PRSS1 gene mutations | ||
*** Hereditary pancreatitis | *** Hereditary pancreatitis<ref name="pmid9219780">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sossenheimer MJ, Aston CE, Preston RA, Gates LK, Ulrich CD, Martin SP, Zhang Y, Gorry MC, Ehrlich GD, Whitcomb DC |title=Clinical characteristics of hereditary pancreatitis in a large family, based on high-risk haplotype. The Midwest Multicenter Pancreatic Study Group (MMPSG) |journal=Am. J. Gastroenterol. |volume=92 |issue=7 |pages=1113–6 |year=1997 |pmid=9219780 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
** Idiopathic | ** Idiopathic | ||
Revision as of 22:28, 1 November 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Causes
The causes of pancreatitis are many but at least 70% of adult cases are associated with chronic alcohol use, and most patients have consumed more than 80 g/day of alcohol over six to twelve years.[1][2]
- Major associations with chronic pancreatitis [3][4][5]
- Alcohol[6][7][8][9][10][11]
- ≥80 g of ethanol consumption a day for at least 5 years
- Most common cause in men
- Least common cause in women[12]
- Autoimmunity
- Autoimmune pancreatitis
- Associated with other systemic disorders (Sjogren syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, or primary biliary cholangitis)
- Obstruction[13]
- Anatomic variations
- Pancreas divisum
- Paraduodenal pancreatitis (Cystic dystrophy of the duodenal wall/groove pancreatitis)
- Metabolic or systemic diseases
- Hypercalcemia
- Hypertryglyceridemia
- Hyperparathyroidism
- Systemic lupus erythematosus
- Genetic
- CFTR
- CTRC
- SPINK1
- PRSS1 gene mutations
- Hereditary pancreatitis[18]
- Idiopathic
- Alcohol[6][7][8][9][10][11]
References
- ↑ Nair RJ, Lawler L, Miller MR (2007). "Chronic pancreatitis". Am Fam Physician. 76 (11): 1679–88. PMID 18092710.
- ↑ Mitchell RMS et al. Pancreatitis. Lancet 2003; 361: 1447–55
- ↑ Mitchell RMS et al. Pancreatitis. Lancet 2003; 361: 1447–55
- ↑ Frulloni et al. Chronic pancreatitis: Report from a multicenter Italian survey (PanCroInfAISP) on 893 patients. Dig Liver Dis. 2009 Apr;41(4):311-7
- ↑ Adsay NV et al. Paraduodenal pancreatitis: a clinico-pathologically distinct entity unifying "cystic dystrophy of heterotopic pancreas", "para-duodenal wall cyst", and "groove pancreatitis". Semin Diagn Pathol. 2004 Nov;21(4):247-54.
- ↑ Lu Z, Karne S, Kolodecik T, Gorelick FS (2002). "Alcohols enhance caerulein-induced zymogen activation in pancreatic acinar cells". Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 282 (3): G501–7. doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00388.2001. PMC 2830557. PMID 11842000.
- ↑ Bisceglie AM, Segal I (1984). "Cirrhosis and chronic pancreatitis in alcoholics". J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 6 (3): 199–200. PMID 6725910.
- ↑ Wilson JS, Bernstein L, McDonald C, Tait A, McNeil D, Pirola RC (1985). "Diet and drinking habits in relation to the development of alcoholic pancreatitis". Gut. 26 (9): 882–7. PMC 1432860. PMID 4029715.
- ↑ Whitcomb DC (2003). "Genetic predisposition to alcoholic chronic pancreatitis". Pancreas. 27 (4): 321–6. PMID 14576495.
- ↑ Maisonneuve P, Lowenfels AB, Müllhaupt B, Cavallini G, Lankisch PG, Andersen JR, Dimagno EP, Andrén-Sandberg A, Domellöf L, Frulloni L, Ammann RW (2005). "Cigarette smoking accelerates progression of alcoholic chronic pancreatitis". Gut. 54 (4): 510–4. doi:10.1136/gut.2004.039263. PMC 1774435. PMID 15753536.
- ↑ Morton C, Klatsky AL, Udaltsova N (2004). "Smoking, coffee, and pancreatitis". Am. J. Gastroenterol. 99 (4): 731–8. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2004.04143.x. PMID 15089909.
- ↑ Coté GA, Yadav D, Slivka A, Hawes RH, Anderson MA, Burton FR, Brand RE, Banks PA, Lewis MD, Disario JA, Gardner TB, Gelrud A, Amann ST, Baillie J, Money ME, O'Connell M, Whitcomb DC, Sherman S (2011). "Alcohol and smoking as risk factors in an epidemiology study of patients with chronic pancreatitis". Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 9 (3): 266–73, quiz e27. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2010.10.015. PMC 3043170. PMID 21029787.
- ↑ Tarnasky PR, Hoffman B, Aabakken L, Knapple WL, Coyle W, Pineau B, Cunningham JT, Cotton PB, Hawes RH (1997). "Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction is associated with chronic pancreatitis". Am. J. Gastroenterol. 92 (7): 1125–9. PMID 9219783.
- ↑ Lehman GA, Sherman S (1995). "Pancreas divisum. Diagnosis, clinical significance, and management alternatives". Gastrointest. Endosc. Clin. N. Am. 5 (1): 145–70. PMID 7728342.
- ↑ Delhaye M, Engelholm L, Cremer M (1985). "Pancreas divisum: congenital anatomic variant or anomaly? Contribution of endoscopic retrograde dorsal pancreatography". Gastroenterology. 89 (5): 951–8. PMID 4043675.
- ↑ Sherman S, Hawes RH, Savides TJ, Gress FG, Ikenberry SO, Smith MT, Zaidi S, Lehman GA (1996). "Stent-induced pancreatic ductal and parenchymal changes: correlation of endoscopic ultrasound with ERCP". Gastrointest. Endosc. 44 (3): 276–82. PMID 8885346.
- ↑ Smith MT, Sherman S, Ikenberry SO, Hawes RH, Lehman GA (1996). "Alterations in pancreatic ductal morphology following polyethylene pancreatic stent therapy". Gastrointest. Endosc. 44 (3): 268–75. PMID 8885345.
- ↑ Sossenheimer MJ, Aston CE, Preston RA, Gates LK, Ulrich CD, Martin SP, Zhang Y, Gorry MC, Ehrlich GD, Whitcomb DC (1997). "Clinical characteristics of hereditary pancreatitis in a large family, based on high-risk haplotype. The Midwest Multicenter Pancreatic Study Group (MMPSG)". Am. J. Gastroenterol. 92 (7): 1113–6. PMID 9219780.