Diffuse esophageal spasm epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ||
===Incidence=== | ===Incidence=== | ||
*The incidence | *The incidence of DES is approximately 1 per 100,000 individuals in USA<ref name="pmid978">{{cite journal |vauthors=Swett C, Makar AB, McMartin KE, Palese M, Tephly TR, Bals MG, Toma E, Zelikovski A, Abu-Dalu J, Urca I, Anderson TR, Slotkin TA |title=Outpatient phenothiazine use and bone marrow depression. A report from the drug epidemiology unit and the Boston collaborative drug surveillance program |journal=Arch. Gen. Psychiatry |volume=32 |issue=11 |pages=1416–8 |year=1975 |pmid=978 |doi= |url=}}</ref>. | ||
*In [year], the incidence/prevalence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number range] cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide. | *In [year], the incidence/prevalence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number range] cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide. | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Madhu Sigdel M.B.B.S.[2]
Overview
Epidemiology and Demographics
Incidence
- The incidence of DES is approximately 1 per 100,000 individuals in USA[1].
- In [year], the incidence/prevalence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number range] cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
Prevalence
- The prevalence of DES is 4% among patients referred for esophageal symptoms; 7% among morbidly obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery[2], 2-7% among patients with known cardiac diseases[3].
- Large series of patients undergoing esophageal motility testing for related symptoms had prevalence of DES 4-10%.[4]
Case-fatality rate/Mortality rate
- There are no reported cases of mortality due to DES.
Age
- Patients of all age groups may develop DES, but limited study results shows more common in age group 60-80 years and the prevalence of disease increases with age.
Race
- There is no racial predilection to DES.
Gender
- [Disease name] affects men and women equally.
- Female are more commonly affected by DES than male. The [gender 1] to [gender 2] ratio is approximately [number > 1] to 1.
Region
- The majority of [disease name] cases are reported in [geographical region].
- [Disease name] is a common/rare disease that tends to affect [patient population 1] and [patient population 2].
Developed Countries
Developing Countries
References
- ↑ Swett C, Makar AB, McMartin KE, Palese M, Tephly TR, Bals MG, Toma E, Zelikovski A, Abu-Dalu J, Urca I, Anderson TR, Slotkin TA (1975). "Outpatient phenothiazine use and bone marrow depression. A report from the drug epidemiology unit and the Boston collaborative drug surveillance program". Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 32 (11): 1416–8. PMID 978.
- ↑ Jaffin BW, Knoepflmacher P, Greenstein R (1999). "High prevalence of asymptomatic esophageal motility disorders among morbidly obese patients". Obes Surg. 9 (4): 390–5. doi:10.1381/096089299765552990. PMID 10484299.
- ↑ Hewson EG, Dalton CB, Hackshaw BT, Wu WC, Richter JE (1990). "The prevalence of abnormal esophageal test results in patients with cardiovascular disease and unexplained chest pain". Arch Intern Med. 150 (5): 965–9. PMID 2139562.
- ↑ Tsuboi K, Mittal SK (2011). "Diffuse esophageal spasm: has the term lost its relevance? Analysis of 217 cases". Dis Esophagus. 24 (5): 354–9. doi:10.1111/j.1442-2050.2010.01146.x. PMID 21143695.