Chronic pancreatitis risk factors: Difference between revisions
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{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
!M-ANNHEIM | !M-ANNHEIM | ||
! | ! | ||
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| | |'''M'''ultiple risk factors | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |'''A'''lcohol consumption | ||
| | | | ||
* Excessive consumption (>80 g/day) | * Excessive consumption (>80 g/day) | ||
* Increased consumption (20–80 g/day) | * Increased consumption (20–80 g/day) | ||
* Moderate consumption (<20 g/day) | * Moderate consumption (<20 g/day) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |'''N'''icotine consumption | ||
|In cigarette smokers: description of nicotine consumption by pack-years | |In cigarette smokers: description of nicotine consumption by pack-years | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |'''N'''utritional factors | ||
| | | | ||
* Nutrition (e.g., high caloric proportion of fat and protein) | * Nutrition (e.g., high caloric proportion of fat and protein) | ||
* Hyperlipidemia | * Hyperlipidemia | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |'''H'''ereditary factors | ||
| | | | ||
* Hereditary pancreatitis (defined according to Whitcomb) | * Hereditary pancreatitis (defined according to Whitcomb) | ||
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* Late-onset idiopathic pancreatitis | * Late-onset idiopathic pancreatitis | ||
* Tropical pancreatitis (possible mutations in the PRSS1, CFTR, or SPINK1 genes) | * Tropical pancreatitis (possible mutations in the PRSS1, CFTR, or SPINK1 genes) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |'''E'''fferent duct factors | ||
| | | | ||
* Pancreas divisum | * Pancreas divisum | ||
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* Posttraumatic pancreatic duct scars | * Posttraumatic pancreatic duct scars | ||
* Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction | * Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |'''I'''mmunological Factors | ||
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* Autoimmune pancreatitis | * Autoimmune pancreatitis | ||
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* Inflammatory bowel disease-associated chronic pancreatitis | * Inflammatory bowel disease-associated chronic pancreatitis | ||
* Chronic pancreatitis with autoimmune diseases (e.g., primary sclerosing cholangitis, primary biliary cirrhosis) | * Chronic pancreatitis with autoimmune diseases (e.g., primary sclerosing cholangitis, primary biliary cirrhosis) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |'''M'''iscellaneous and rare metabolic factors | ||
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* Hypercalcemia and hyperparathyroidism | * Hypercalcemia and hyperparathyroidism | ||
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* Drugs | * Drugs | ||
* Toxins | * Toxins | ||
|} | |} | ||
*Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] include [risk factor 1], [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4]. | *Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] include [risk factor 1], [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4]. | ||
Revision as of 19:28, 17 November 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
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Overview
Risk Factors
The M-ANNHEIM multiple risk factor classification of chronic pancreatitis
| M-ANNHEIM | |
|---|---|
| Multiple risk factors | |
| Alcohol consumption |
|
| Nicotine consumption | In cigarette smokers: description of nicotine consumption by pack-years |
| Nutritional factors |
|
| Hereditary factors |
|
| Efferent duct factors |
|
| Immunological Factors |
|
| Miscellaneous and rare metabolic factors |
|
- Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] include [risk factor 1], [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].
Common Risk Factors
Common risk factors in the development of chronic pancreatitis include:
- Alcohol abuse[1][2][3][4][5][6]
- Cigarette smoking[7][8][9]
- Genetic mutations:
- PRSS1 mutations
- SPINK1 mutations
- CFTR mutations
- CTRC mutations
- Obstructive factors:
- Pancreas divisum
- Gallstones
- Pancreatic duct malunion or obstruction
- Choledocholithiasis
- Pancreatic head tumors
- Hypercalcemia
Less Common Risk Factors
Less common risk factors in the development of chronic pancreatitis include:
- Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction[10]
- Hyperlipidemia
- Metabolic diseases such as branched-chain organic aciduria
- Chronic renal faluire
References
- ↑ Lu Z, Karne S, Kolodecik T, Gorelick FS (2002). "Alcohols enhance caerulein-induced zymogen activation in pancreatic acinar cells". Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 282 (3): G501–7. doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00388.2001. PMC 2830557. PMID 11842000.
- ↑ Bisceglie AM, Segal I (1984). "Cirrhosis and chronic pancreatitis in alcoholics". J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 6 (3): 199–200. PMID 6725910.
- ↑ Wilson JS, Bernstein L, McDonald C, Tait A, McNeil D, Pirola RC (1985). "Diet and drinking habits in relation to the development of alcoholic pancreatitis". Gut. 26 (9): 882–7. PMC 1432860. PMID 4029715.
- ↑ Whitcomb DC (2003). "Genetic predisposition to alcoholic chronic pancreatitis". Pancreas. 27 (4): 321–6. PMID 14576495.
- ↑ Maisonneuve P, Lowenfels AB, Müllhaupt B, Cavallini G, Lankisch PG, Andersen JR, Dimagno EP, Andrén-Sandberg A, Domellöf L, Frulloni L, Ammann RW (2005). "Cigarette smoking accelerates progression of alcoholic chronic pancreatitis". Gut. 54 (4): 510–4. doi:10.1136/gut.2004.039263. PMC 1774435. PMID 15753536.
- ↑ Morton C, Klatsky AL, Udaltsova N (2004). "Smoking, coffee, and pancreatitis". Am. J. Gastroenterol. 99 (4): 731–8. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2004.04143.x. PMID 15089909.
- ↑ Coté GA, Yadav D, Slivka A, Hawes RH, Anderson MA, Burton FR, Brand RE, Banks PA, Lewis MD, Disario JA, Gardner TB, Gelrud A, Amann ST, Baillie J, Money ME, O'Connell M, Whitcomb DC, Sherman S (2011). "Alcohol and smoking as risk factors in an epidemiology study of patients with chronic pancreatitis". Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 9 (3): 266–73, quiz e27. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2010.10.015. PMC 3043170. PMID 21029787.
- ↑ Yadav D, Hawes RH, Brand RE, Anderson MA, Money ME, Banks PA, Bishop MD, Baillie J, Sherman S, DiSario J, Burton FR, Gardner TB, Amann ST, Gelrud A, Lawrence C, Elinoff B, Greer JB, O'Connell M, Barmada MM, Slivka A, Whitcomb DC (2009). "Alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, and the risk of recurrent acute and chronic pancreatitis". Arch. Intern. Med. 169 (11): 1035–45. doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2009.125. PMID 19506173.
- ↑ Bourliere M, Barthet M, Berthezene P, Durbec JP, Sarles H (1991). "Is tobacco a risk factor for chronic pancreatitis and alcoholic cirrhosis?". Gut. 32 (11): 1392–5. PMC 1379175. PMID 1752475.
- ↑ Tarnasky PR, Hoffman B, Aabakken L, Knapple WL, Coyle W, Pineau B, Cunningham JT, Cotton PB, Hawes RH (1997). "Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction is associated with chronic pancreatitis". Am. J. Gastroenterol. 92 (7): 1125–9. PMID 9219783.