Glucagonoma physical examination

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Parminder Dhingra, M.D. [2], Mohammed Abdelwahed M.D[3]

Overview

Common physical examination findings of glucagonoma include tachycardia, fever, rash, muscle atrophy. Cotton wool spots, flame hemorrhage, and dot-blot hemorrhages on fundoscopic examination of the eye may be present.

Physical Examination

Common physical examination findings of glucagonoma include:

General Appearance

• Patients with glucagonoma are generally well-appearing
• Patient may appear thin and cachectic in advanced cases

Vital Signs

• Tachycardia may be present
• Fever may be present

Skin

• Rash: Erythematous, ring shaped rash that blisters, erodes, and crusts over suggesting necrolytic migratory erythema

HEENT

• The ophthalmoscopic exam may be abnormal with findings of cotton wool spots, flame hemorrhage, and dot and blot hemorrhage.

Heart

• Tachycardia may be present

Extremities

• Muscle atrophy may be present
• Unilateral calf or thigh tenderness
• Unilateral calf or thigh swelling
• Unilateral calf or thigh warmth
• Unilateral calf or thigh erythema
• Palpable cord (a thickened palpable vein suggestive of thrombosed vein)
• Dilatation of unilateral collateral superficial veins

Neuromuscular

• Patient is oriented to persons, place, and time
• Hyporeflexia may be present
• Unilateral/bilateral sensory loss in the upper/lower extremity may be present
• Muscle atrophy may be present
• Vibration and Joint position sense may be decreased