Diffuse esophageal spasm historical perspective

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1], Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Madhu Sigdel M.B.B.S.[2]

Overview

Diffuse esophageal spasm was first described by Osgood in 1889.

Historical Perspective

Discovery

• In 1543: Vesalius, a Belgian anatomist was the first to describe the anatomy of the esophagus.
• In 1592: Fabricius Aquapendente, an Italian surgeon used wax tampers to remove foreign bodies from the esophagus.

• In 1674: T. Willis, an English physician used whale bone to dilate the esophagus.
• In 1764: Ludlow gave the first anatomic and pathophysiological description of pharyngoesophageal diverticulum.
• In 1806: Philipp Bozzini, a German physician develops an early endoscope using a mirror and reflected light from a candle in an attempt to see the upper esophagus.
• In 1843: Switzer, a Denmark physician invented esophageal dilators.
• In 1844: John Watson, an American surgeon first performed esophagotomy for the relief of esophageal stricture.
• In 1872: Christian Albert Theodor Billroth, an Austrian surgeon performed the first excision of the esophagus.
• In 1883: H. Kronecker and S. Meltzer first used inserted balloons to describe esophageal motility and pressure measurements.
• In 1954: L.R. Celestin first developed an esophageal tube for the treatment of malignant dysphagia.
• In 1982: D. Fleischer was the first to use endoscopic laser as palliative therapy for esophageal carcinoma.
• DES was first described by Osgood, in 1889 in 6 patients who presented with chest pain and dysphagia.
• Creamer et al. (1958) made the first manometric descriptions of DES.

Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies

• In 2000, development of high resolution esophageal manometry has led to classification of esophageal motility disorders.