Multiple myeloma risk factors: Difference between revisions
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Revision as of 02:48, 27 November 2017
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Multiple myeloma Microchapters |
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Multiple myeloma risk factors On the Web |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Haytham Allaham, M.D. [2]
Overview
The most potent risk factor in the development of multiple myeloma is old age. Other risk factors include positive family history, positive history of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), and occupational exposure to radiation and toxic chemicals.[1][2][3]
Risk Factors
The table below lists the risk factors for multiple myeloma:
| Risk Factor | Description |
| Age | The chance to develop multiple myeloma increases as patients get older, where only 1% of multiple myeloma cases are diagnosed in patients younger than 35 years.[1][2][3] |
| Race | African American and Native Pacific Islanders descents are at increased risk of developing multiple myeloma.[4][3][5] |
| Gender | Males are more commonly affected with multiple myeloma than females. The male to female ratio is approximately 2 to 1.[2][3] |
| Having other plasma cell diseases | Patients with other plasma cell diseases such as monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance develop multiple myeloma later in their lives.[6][3] |
| Family history | A familial predisposition to myeloma exists due to hyperphosphorylation of specific proteins that may contribute to a higher rates of multiple myeloma in certain groups.[7][4][8][3] |
| Obesity | Being overweight increases a person's risk of developing multiple myeloma.[6][3] |
| Workplace exposures | Petroleum workers and farmers tend to have higher incidence of multiple myeloma relative to other occupations.[9][6][3] |
| Radiation | Areas with previous history of atoms bombs or nuclear accidents had higher risk of multiple myeloma due to increased rate of radiation exposure.[6][3] |
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Press Releases. Compugen (2015)http://www.cgen.com/media-center/press-releases/-314 Accessed on September, 20th 2015
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Multiple myeloma. Radiopaedia (2015)http://radiopaedia.org/articles/multiple-myeloma-1 Accessed on September, 20th 2015
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 Multiple myeloma. The American Cancer Society (2015) http://www.cancer.org/cancer/multiplemyeloma/detailedguide/multiple-myeloma-risk-factors Accessed on September, 20 2015
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Multiple myeloma. Wikipedia (2015)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_myeloma#Pathophysiology Accessed on September, 20th 2015
- ↑ Seer stat fact sheet. National cancer institute (2015)http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/mulmy.html Accessed on September, 20th 2015
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Multiple myeloma. MedlinePlus (2015)http://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Multiple_myeloma_risk_factors&action=edit§ion=2 Accessed on Septmeber, 20th 2015
- ↑ Bourguet, CC.; Grufferman, S.; Delzell, E.; DeLong, ER.; Cohen, HJ. (1985). "Multiple myeloma and family history of cancer. A case-control study". Cancer. 56 (8): 2133–9. PMID 4027940. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Koura DT, Langston AA (2013). "Inherited predisposition to multiple myeloma". Ther Adv Hematol. 4 (4): 291–7. doi:10.1177/2040620713485375. PMC 3734900. PMID 23926460.
- ↑ Gallagher, RP.; Spinelli, JJ.; Elwood, JM.; Skippen, DH. (1983). "Allergies and agricultural exposure as risk factors for multiple myeloma". Br J Cancer. 48 (6): 853–7. PMID 6652026. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help)