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===Common Causes===
===Common Causes===
Portal vein thrombosis may be caused by:<ref name="pmid15094219">{{cite journal |vauthors=Amitrano L, Guardascione MA, Brancaccio V, Margaglione M, Manguso F, Iannaccone L, Grandone E, Balzano A |title=Risk factors and clinical presentation of portal vein thrombosis in patients with liver cirrhosis |journal=J. Hepatol. |volume=40 |issue=5 |pages=736–41 |year=2004 |pmid=15094219 |doi=10.1016/j.jhep.2004.01.001 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid11001884">{{cite journal |vauthors=Janssen HL, Meinardi JR, Vleggaar FP, van Uum SH, Haagsma EB, van Der Meer FJ, van Hattum J, Chamuleau RA, Adang RP, Vandenbroucke JP, van Hoek B, Rosendaal FR |title=Factor V Leiden mutation, prothrombin gene mutation, and deficiencies in coagulation inhibitors associated with Budd-Chiari syndrome and portal vein thrombosis: results of a case-control study |journal=Blood |volume=96 |issue=7 |pages=2364–8 |year=2000 |pmid=11001884 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid15726653">{{cite journal |vauthors=Primignani M, Martinelli I, Bucciarelli P, Battaglioli T, Reati R, Fabris F, Dell'era A, Pappalardo E, Mannucci PM |title=Risk factors for thrombophilia in extrahepatic portal vein obstruction |journal=Hepatology |volume=41 |issue=3 |pages=603–8 |year=2005 |pmid=15726653 |doi=10.1002/hep.20591 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid10706547">{{cite journal |vauthors=Denninger MH, Chaït Y, Casadevall N, Hillaire S, Guillin MC, Bezeaud A, Erlinger S, Briere J, Valla D |title=Cause of portal or hepatic venous thrombosis in adults: the role of multiple concurrent factors |journal=Hepatology |volume=31 |issue=3 |pages=587–91 |year=2000 |pmid=10706547 |doi=10.1002/hep.510310307 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid17133457">{{cite journal |vauthors=Primignani M, Barosi G, Bergamaschi G, Gianelli U, Fabris F, Reati R, Dell'Era A, Bucciarelli P, Mannucci PM |title=Role of the JAK2 mutation in the diagnosis of chronic myeloproliferative disorders in splanchnic vein thrombosis |journal=Hepatology |volume=44 |issue=6 |pages=1528–34 |year=2006 |pmid=17133457 |doi=10.1002/hep.21435 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid23855810">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sekhar M, McVinnie K, Burroughs AK |title=Splanchnic vein thrombosis in myeloproliferative neoplasms |journal=Br. J. Haematol. |volume=162 |issue=6 |pages=730–47 |year=2013 |pmid=23855810 |doi=10.1111/bjh.12461 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid11600478">{{cite journal |vauthors=Janssen HL, Wijnhoud A, Haagsma EB, van Uum SH, van Nieuwkerk CM, Adang RP, Chamuleau RA, van Hattum J, Vleggaar FP, Hansen BE, Rosendaal FR, van Hoek B |title=Extrahepatic portal vein thrombosis: aetiology and determinants of survival |journal=Gut |volume=49 |issue=5 |pages=720–4 |year=2001 |pmid=11600478 |pmc=1728504 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid18398061">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bergamaschi GM, Primignani M, Barosi G, Fabris FM, Villani L, Reati R, Dell'era A, Mannucci PM |title=MPL and JAK2 exon 12 mutations in patients with the Budd-Chiari syndrome or extrahepatic portal vein obstruction |journal=Blood |volume=111 |issue=8 |pages=4418 |year=2008 |pmid=18398061 |doi=10.1182/blood-2008-02-137687 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16552370">{{cite journal |vauthors=Romano F, Caprotti R, Scaini A, Conti M, Scotti M, Colombo G, Uggeri F |title=Elective laparoscopic splenectomy and thrombosis of the spleno-portal axis: a prospective study with ecocolordoppler ultrasound |journal=Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech |volume=16 |issue=1 |pages=4–7 |year=2006 |pmid=16552370 |doi=10.1097/01.sle.0000202187.80407.09 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid24407940">{{cite journal |vauthors=Yoshiya S, Shirabe K, Nakagawara H, Soejima Y, Yoshizumi T, Ikegami T, Yamashita Y, Harimoto N, Nishie A, Yamanaka T, Maehara Y |title=Portal vein thrombosis after hepatectomy |journal=World J Surg |volume=38 |issue=6 |pages=1491–7 |year=2014 |pmid=24407940 |doi=10.1007/s00268-013-2440-8 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid10784062">{{cite journal |vauthors=White SA, London NJ, Johnson PR, Davies JE, Pollard C, Contractor HH, Hughes DP, Robertson GS, Musto PP, Dennison AR |title=The risks of total pancreatectomy and splenic islet autotransplantation |journal=Cell Transplant |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=19–24 |year=2000 |pmid=10784062 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
Portal vein thrombosis may be caused by:<ref name="pmid15094219">{{cite journal |vauthors=Amitrano L, Guardascione MA, Brancaccio V, Margaglione M, Manguso F, Iannaccone L, Grandone E, Balzano A |title=Risk factors and clinical presentation of portal vein thrombosis in patients with liver cirrhosis |journal=J. Hepatol. |volume=40 |issue=5 |pages=736–41 |year=2004 |pmid=15094219 |doi=10.1016/j.jhep.2004.01.001 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid11001884">{{cite journal |vauthors=Janssen HL, Meinardi JR, Vleggaar FP, van Uum SH, Haagsma EB, van Der Meer FJ, van Hattum J, Chamuleau RA, Adang RP, Vandenbroucke JP, van Hoek B, Rosendaal FR |title=Factor V Leiden mutation, prothrombin gene mutation, and deficiencies in coagulation inhibitors associated with Budd-Chiari syndrome and portal vein thrombosis: results of a case-control study |journal=Blood |volume=96 |issue=7 |pages=2364–8 |year=2000 |pmid=11001884 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid15726653">{{cite journal |vauthors=Primignani M, Martinelli I, Bucciarelli P, Battaglioli T, Reati R, Fabris F, Dell'era A, Pappalardo E, Mannucci PM |title=Risk factors for thrombophilia in extrahepatic portal vein obstruction |journal=Hepatology |volume=41 |issue=3 |pages=603–8 |year=2005 |pmid=15726653 |doi=10.1002/hep.20591 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid10706547">{{cite journal |vauthors=Denninger MH, Chaït Y, Casadevall N, Hillaire S, Guillin MC, Bezeaud A, Erlinger S, Briere J, Valla D |title=Cause of portal or hepatic venous thrombosis in adults: the role of multiple concurrent factors |journal=Hepatology |volume=31 |issue=3 |pages=587–91 |year=2000 |pmid=10706547 |doi=10.1002/hep.510310307 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid17133457">{{cite journal |vauthors=Primignani M, Barosi G, Bergamaschi G, Gianelli U, Fabris F, Reati R, Dell'Era A, Bucciarelli P, Mannucci PM |title=Role of the JAK2 mutation in the diagnosis of chronic myeloproliferative disorders in splanchnic vein thrombosis |journal=Hepatology |volume=44 |issue=6 |pages=1528–34 |year=2006 |pmid=17133457 |doi=10.1002/hep.21435 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid23855810">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sekhar M, McVinnie K, Burroughs AK |title=Splanchnic vein thrombosis in myeloproliferative neoplasms |journal=Br. J. Haematol. |volume=162 |issue=6 |pages=730–47 |year=2013 |pmid=23855810 |doi=10.1111/bjh.12461 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid11600478">{{cite journal |vauthors=Janssen HL, Wijnhoud A, Haagsma EB, van Uum SH, van Nieuwkerk CM, Adang RP, Chamuleau RA, van Hattum J, Vleggaar FP, Hansen BE, Rosendaal FR, van Hoek B |title=Extrahepatic portal vein thrombosis: aetiology and determinants of survival |journal=Gut |volume=49 |issue=5 |pages=720–4 |year=2001 |pmid=11600478 |pmc=1728504 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid18398061">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bergamaschi GM, Primignani M, Barosi G, Fabris FM, Villani L, Reati R, Dell'era A, Mannucci PM |title=MPL and JAK2 exon 12 mutations in patients with the Budd-Chiari syndrome or extrahepatic portal vein obstruction |journal=Blood |volume=111 |issue=8 |pages=4418 |year=2008 |pmid=18398061 |doi=10.1182/blood-2008-02-137687 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16552370">{{cite journal |vauthors=Romano F, Caprotti R, Scaini A, Conti M, Scotti M, Colombo G, Uggeri F |title=Elective laparoscopic splenectomy and thrombosis of the spleno-portal axis: a prospective study with ecocolordoppler ultrasound |journal=Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech |volume=16 |issue=1 |pages=4–7 |year=2006 |pmid=16552370 |doi=10.1097/01.sle.0000202187.80407.09 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid24407940">{{cite journal |vauthors=Yoshiya S, Shirabe K, Nakagawara H, Soejima Y, Yoshizumi T, Ikegami T, Yamashita Y, Harimoto N, Nishie A, Yamanaka T, Maehara Y |title=Portal vein thrombosis after hepatectomy |journal=World J Surg |volume=38 |issue=6 |pages=1491–7 |year=2014 |pmid=24407940 |doi=10.1007/s00268-013-2440-8 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid10784062">{{cite journal |vauthors=White SA, London NJ, Johnson PR, Davies JE, Pollard C, Contractor HH, Hughes DP, Robertson GS, Musto PP, Dennison AR |title=The risks of total pancreatectomy and splenic islet autotransplantation |journal=Cell Transplant |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=19–24 |year=2000 |pmid=10784062 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*Acquired conditions
*Inherited prothrombotic disorders
**Cirrhosis
**Factor V Leiden mutation
**Hepatocellular carcinoma
**Factor II gene mutation
**Behçet's syndrome
**Protein C deficiency
**Recent pregnancy or oral contraceptive use
**Protein S deficiency
**Abdominal inflammatory lesions including infection, pancreatitis, and inflammatory bowel disease
**Antithrombin III deficiency
**Trauma
*Acquired thrombophilic disorders
**Philadelphia-chromosome negative chronic myeloproliferative disorders (polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, idiopathic myelofibrosis, unclassifiable myeloproliferative disorders)
**Primary myeloproliferative disorders
*Procedures
**Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinemia
**Abdominal surgery or surgical injury of the portal vein axis
**Antiphospholipid syndrome
**Endoscopic sclerotherapy
**Increased factor VIII levels
**Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt
**Thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor gene (TAFI)
**Splenectomy
**Hepatic resection
**Pancreatic islet cell transplantation


===Less Common Causes===
===Less Common Causes===

Revision as of 16:55, 29 November 2017

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Overview

Disease name] may be caused by [cause1], [cause2], or [cause3].

OR

Common causes of [disease] include [cause1], [cause2], and [cause3].

OR

The most common cause of [disease name] is [cause 1]. Less common causes of [disease name] include [cause 2], [cause 3], and [cause 4].

OR

The cause of [disease name] has not been identified. To review risk factors for the development of [disease name], click here.

Causes

Life-threatening Causes

  • Life-threatening causes of portal vein thrombosis include hepatocellular carcinoma, Philadelphia-chromosome negative chronic myeloproliferative disorders (polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, idiopathic myelofibrosis, unclassifiable myeloproliferative disorders).

Common Causes

Portal vein thrombosis may be caused by:[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]

  • Inherited prothrombotic disorders
    • Factor V Leiden mutation
    • Factor II gene mutation
    • Protein C deficiency
    • Protein S deficiency
    • Antithrombin III deficiency
  • Acquired thrombophilic disorders
    • Primary myeloproliferative disorders
    • Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinemia
    • Antiphospholipid syndrome
    • Increased factor VIII levels
    • Thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor gene (TAFI)

Less Common Causes

Less common causes of portal vein thrombosis include:[12][13][3][14][15]

  • Inherited prothrombotic disorders
    • Factor V Leiden mutation
    • Factor II gene mutation
    • Protein C deficiency
    • Protein S deficiency
    • Antithrombin III deficiency
  • Acquired thrombophilic disorders
    • Primary myeloproliferative disorders
    • Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinemia
    • Antiphospholipid syndrome
    • Increased factor VIII levels
    • Thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor gene (TAFI)

Genetic Causes

  • [Disease name] is caused by a mutation in the [gene name] gene.

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning No underlying causes
Dental No underlying causes
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect No underlying causes
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine No underlying causes
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic No underlying causes
Genetic No underlying causes
Hematologic No underlying causes
Iatrogenic No underlying causes
Infectious Disease No underlying causes
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic No underlying causes
Neurologic No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying causes
Oncologic No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy No underlying causes
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma No underlying causes
Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

List the causes of the disease in alphabetical order.

The unnamed parameter 2= is no longer supported. Please see the documentation for {{columns-list}}.
3

References

  1. ↑ Amitrano L, Guardascione MA, Brancaccio V, Margaglione M, Manguso F, Iannaccone L, Grandone E, Balzano A (2004). "Risk factors and clinical presentation of portal vein thrombosis in patients with liver cirrhosis". J. Hepatol. 40 (5): 736–41. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2004.01.001. PMID 15094219.
  2. ↑ Janssen HL, Meinardi JR, Vleggaar FP, van Uum SH, Haagsma EB, van Der Meer FJ, van Hattum J, Chamuleau RA, Adang RP, Vandenbroucke JP, van Hoek B, Rosendaal FR (2000). "Factor V Leiden mutation, prothrombin gene mutation, and deficiencies in coagulation inhibitors associated with Budd-Chiari syndrome and portal vein thrombosis: results of a case-control study". Blood. 96 (7): 2364–8. PMID 11001884.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Primignani M, Martinelli I, Bucciarelli P, Battaglioli T, Reati R, Fabris F, Dell'era A, Pappalardo E, Mannucci PM (2005). "Risk factors for thrombophilia in extrahepatic portal vein obstruction". Hepatology. 41 (3): 603–8. doi:10.1002/hep.20591. PMID 15726653.
  4. ↑ Denninger MH, Chaït Y, Casadevall N, Hillaire S, Guillin MC, Bezeaud A, Erlinger S, Briere J, Valla D (2000). "Cause of portal or hepatic venous thrombosis in adults: the role of multiple concurrent factors". Hepatology. 31 (3): 587–91. doi:10.1002/hep.510310307. PMID 10706547.
  5. ↑ Primignani M, Barosi G, Bergamaschi G, Gianelli U, Fabris F, Reati R, Dell'Era A, Bucciarelli P, Mannucci PM (2006). "Role of the JAK2 mutation in the diagnosis of chronic myeloproliferative disorders in splanchnic vein thrombosis". Hepatology. 44 (6): 1528–34. doi:10.1002/hep.21435. PMID 17133457.
  6. ↑ Sekhar M, McVinnie K, Burroughs AK (2013). "Splanchnic vein thrombosis in myeloproliferative neoplasms". Br. J. Haematol. 162 (6): 730–47. doi:10.1111/bjh.12461. PMID 23855810.
  7. ↑ Janssen HL, Wijnhoud A, Haagsma EB, van Uum SH, van Nieuwkerk CM, Adang RP, Chamuleau RA, van Hattum J, Vleggaar FP, Hansen BE, Rosendaal FR, van Hoek B (2001). "Extrahepatic portal vein thrombosis: aetiology and determinants of survival". Gut. 49 (5): 720–4. PMC 1728504. PMID 11600478.
  8. ↑ Bergamaschi GM, Primignani M, Barosi G, Fabris FM, Villani L, Reati R, Dell'era A, Mannucci PM (2008). "MPL and JAK2 exon 12 mutations in patients with the Budd-Chiari syndrome or extrahepatic portal vein obstruction". Blood. 111 (8): 4418. doi:10.1182/blood-2008-02-137687. PMID 18398061.
  9. ↑ Romano F, Caprotti R, Scaini A, Conti M, Scotti M, Colombo G, Uggeri F (2006). "Elective laparoscopic splenectomy and thrombosis of the spleno-portal axis: a prospective study with ecocolordoppler ultrasound". Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech. 16 (1): 4–7. doi:10.1097/01.sle.0000202187.80407.09. PMID 16552370.
  10. ↑ Yoshiya S, Shirabe K, Nakagawara H, Soejima Y, Yoshizumi T, Ikegami T, Yamashita Y, Harimoto N, Nishie A, Yamanaka T, Maehara Y (2014). "Portal vein thrombosis after hepatectomy". World J Surg. 38 (6): 1491–7. doi:10.1007/s00268-013-2440-8. PMID 24407940.
  11. ↑ White SA, London NJ, Johnson PR, Davies JE, Pollard C, Contractor HH, Hughes DP, Robertson GS, Musto PP, Dennison AR (2000). "The risks of total pancreatectomy and splenic islet autotransplantation". Cell Transplant. 9 (1): 19–24. PMID 10784062.
  12. ↑ Qi X, Ren W, De Stefano V, Fan D (2014). "Associations of coagulation factor V Leiden and prothrombin G20210A mutations with Budd-Chiari syndrome and portal vein thrombosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 12 (11): 1801–12.e7. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2014.04.026. PMID 24793031.
  13. ↑ Koshy A, Jeyakumari M (2007). "High FVIII level is associated with idiopathic portal vein thrombosis in South India". Am. J. Med. 120 (6): 552.e9–11. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2006.02.016. PMID 17524760.
  14. ↑ Chamouard P, Pencreach E, Maloisel F, Grunebaum L, Ardizzone JF, Meyer A, Gaub MP, Goetz J, Baumann R, Uring-Lambert B, Levy S, Dufour P, Hauptmann G, Oudet P (1999). "Frequent factor II G20210A mutation in idiopathic portal vein thrombosis". Gastroenterology. 116 (1): 144–8. PMID 9869612.
  15. ↑ Dentali F, Galli M, Gianni M, Ageno W (2008). "Inherited thrombophilic abnormalities and risk of portal vein thrombosis. a meta-analysis". Thromb. Haemost. 99 (4): 675–82. doi:10.1160/TH07-08-0526. PMID 18392325.

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