HIV AIDS epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
HIV is a global [[pandemic]]. In 2013, an estimated 35 million people were living with the disease worldwide. An estimated 39 million people have died from AIDS or AIDS-related causes, including and approximate 1.5 million patients in 2013 alone. Over three-fourths of these deaths are confined to Sub-Saharan Africa. Despite advances in antiretroviral therapy (ART) and reduction of both the [[Mortality rate|mortality]] and the morbidity of HIV infection with regular use of these agents, routine access to ART is not available in all countries.<ref name=Palella>{{cite journal | HIV is a global [[pandemic]]. In 2013, an estimated 35 million people were living with the disease worldwide. An estimated 39 million people have died from AIDS or AIDS-related causes, including and approximate 1.5 million patients in 2013 alone. Over three-fourths of these deaths are confined to Sub-Saharan Africa. Despite advances in antiretroviral therapy (ART) and reduction of both the [[Mortality rate|mortality]] and the morbidity of HIV infection with regular use of these agents, routine access to ART is not available in all countries.<ref name="Palella">{{cite journal | ||
| author=Palella FJ Jr, Delaney KM, Moorman AC, et al | <nowiki>|</nowiki> author=Palella FJ Jr, Delaney KM, Moorman AC, et al | ||
| title=Declining morbidity and mortality among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. HIV Outpatient Study Investigators | <nowiki>|</nowiki> title=Declining morbidity and mortality among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. HIV Outpatient Study Investigators | ||
| journal=N. Engl. J. Med | year=1998 | pages=853–860 | volume=338 | issue=13 | <nowiki>| journal=N. Engl. J. Med |</nowiki> year=1998 | pages=853–860 | volume=338 | issue=13 | ||
| pmid=9516219 </ref> At the end of 2013, 11.7 million people were receiving ART in low- and middle-income countries representing 36% of people living with HIV in these countries. In 2015,the number of new HIV cases in New York City fell below 2,500 for the first time since the beginning of the AIDS epidemic in 1981. | | pmid=9516219 </ref> At the end of 2013, 11.7 million people were receiving ART in low- and middle-income countries representing 36% of people living with HIV in these countries. In 2015,the number of new HIV cases in New York City fell below 2,500 for the first time since the beginning of the AIDS epidemic in 1981. | ||
==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ||
===Incidence=== | ===Incidence=== | ||
In 2005, approximately 5 million people were newly infected with HIV and approximately 3 million people with AIDS died, an increase from 2004 and the highest number since 1981 (UNAIDS, 2005). | * In 2005, approximately 5 million people were newly infected with HIV and approximately 3 million people with AIDS died, an increase from 2004 and the highest number since 1981 (UNAIDS, 2005). | ||
In 2013, approximately 6000 new individuals were infected with HIV every day . <ref name=WHO>{{cite web | title = WHO 2013 statistics | url =http://www.who.int/hiv/data/epi_core_dec2014.png?ua=1 }}</ref> | * In 2013, approximately 6000 new individuals were infected with HIV every day . <ref name="WHO">{{cite web | title = WHO 2013 statistics | url =http://www.who.int/hiv/data/epi_core_dec2014.png?ua=1 }}</ref> | ||
* In 2016, approximately 36.7 million people were found to be infected with HIV. | |||
*About 700 were in children under 15 years of age. | *About 700 were in children under 15 years of age. | ||
*68% of those were in Sub Saharan Africa. | *68% of those were in Sub Saharan Africa. | ||
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===Age=== | ===Age=== | ||
Globally, an estimated 2.5 million children are living with HIV. An estimated 400,000 children are infected yearly.<ref name=UNAIDS2007/> | Globally, an estimated 2.5 million children are living with HIV. An estimated 400,000 children are infected yearly.<ref name="UNAIDS2007" /> | ||
<ref name=UNAIDS2007>{{ | <ref name="UNAIDS2007">{{cite web | ||
cite web | |||
| author =[[Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS|UNAIDS]], [[World Health Organization|WHO]] | | author =[[Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS|UNAIDS]], [[World Health Organization|WHO]] | ||
| date = December 2007 | | date = December 2007 | ||
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[[AIDS pandemic#Sub-Saharan Africa|Sub-Saharan Africa]] remains by far the worst affected region, with an estimated 23.8 to 28.9 million people currently living with HIV. More than 60% of all people living with HIV are in Sub-Saharan Africa, as are more than three quarters (76%) of all women living with HIV. | [[AIDS pandemic#Sub-Saharan Africa|Sub-Saharan Africa]] remains by far the worst affected region, with an estimated 23.8 to 28.9 million people currently living with HIV. More than 60% of all people living with HIV are in Sub-Saharan Africa, as are more than three quarters (76%) of all women living with HIV. | ||
In 2007, Sub-Saharan Africa accounted for 76% of all AIDS deaths and approximately 35% of all new infections worldwide. Unlike other regions, most people living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa in 2007 (61%) were women. Adult prevalence in 2007 was an estimated 5.0%, and AIDS continued to be the single largest cause of mortality in this region.<ref name=UNAIDS2007/> South Africa has the largest population of HIV patients in the world, followed by Nigeria and India.<ref> | In 2007, Sub-Saharan Africa accounted for 76% of all AIDS deaths and approximately 35% of all new infections worldwide. Unlike other regions, most people living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa in 2007 (61%) were women. Adult prevalence in 2007 was an estimated 5.0%, and AIDS continued to be the single largest cause of mortality in this region.<ref name="UNAIDS2007" /> South Africa has the largest population of HIV patients in the world, followed by Nigeria and India.<ref>{{cite news | ||
{{cite news | |||
| date = 2007-11-20 | | date = 2007-11-20 | ||
| title= U.N. agency to say it overstated extent of H.I.V. cases by millions | | title= U.N. agency to say it overstated extent of H.I.V. cases by millions | ||
| Line 87: | Line 87: | ||
| work= New York Times | accessdate=2008-03-18 | | work= New York Times | accessdate=2008-03-18 | ||
| author= McNeil DG Jr | | author= McNeil DG Jr | ||
}}</ref> [[AIDS pandemic#South and South-East Asia|South & South East Asia]] are the second worst affected regions; in 2007, an estimated 18% of all people living with AIDS, and an estimated 300,000 deaths from AIDS were attributable to these regions.<ref name=UNAIDS2007/> The estimated adult prevalence of AIDS in India is approximately 0.36%.<ref name=UNAIDS2007/> [[Life expectancy]] has fallen dramatically in the worst-affected countries; for example, in 2006 it was estimated that it had dropped from 65 to 35 years in Botswana.<ref name=Kallings>{{cite journal |journal= J Intern Med |date=2008 |volume=263 |issue=3 |pages=218–43 |title= The first postmodern pandemic: 25 years of HIV/AIDS |author= Kallings LO |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2796.2007.01910.x |pmid=18205765}}</ref> | }}</ref> [[AIDS pandemic#South and South-East Asia|South & South East Asia]] are the second worst affected regions; in 2007, an estimated 18% of all people living with AIDS, and an estimated 300,000 deaths from AIDS were attributable to these regions.<ref name="UNAIDS2007" /> The estimated adult prevalence of AIDS in India is approximately 0.36%.<ref name="UNAIDS2007" /> [[Life expectancy]] has fallen dramatically in the worst-affected countries; for example, in 2006 it was estimated that it had dropped from 65 to 35 years in Botswana.<ref name="Kallings">{{cite journal |journal= J Intern Med |date=2008 |volume=263 |issue=3 |pages=218–43 |title= The first postmodern pandemic: 25 years of HIV/AIDS |author= Kallings LO |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2796.2007.01910.x |pmid=18205765}}</ref> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 13:54, 1 December 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ammu Susheela, M.D. [2]
Overview
HIV is a global pandemic. In 2013, an estimated 35 million people were living with the disease worldwide. An estimated 39 million people have died from AIDS or AIDS-related causes, including and approximate 1.5 million patients in 2013 alone. Over three-fourths of these deaths are confined to Sub-Saharan Africa. Despite advances in antiretroviral therapy (ART) and reduction of both the mortality and the morbidity of HIV infection with regular use of these agents, routine access to ART is not available in all countries.[1] At the end of 2013, 11.7 million people were receiving ART in low- and middle-income countries representing 36% of people living with HIV in these countries. In 2015,the number of new HIV cases in New York City fell below 2,500 for the first time since the beginning of the AIDS epidemic in 1981.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Incidence
- In 2005, approximately 5 million people were newly infected with HIV and approximately 3 million people with AIDS died, an increase from 2004 and the highest number since 1981 (UNAIDS, 2005).
- In 2013, approximately 6000 new individuals were infected with HIV every day . [2]
- In 2016, approximately 36.7 million people were found to be infected with HIV.
- About 700 were in children under 15 years of age.
- 68% of those were in Sub Saharan Africa.
- About 5200 were adults ages 15 years or older of whom:
- About 33% were among young people (15-24)
- Almost 47% were among women
Prevalence
UNAIDS and the WHO estimate that AIDS has killed more than 25 million people since it was first recognized in 1981, making it one of the most destructive epidemics in recorded history.
In 2013, the prevalence estimates were as follows:
- Total = 35 million
- Adults = 31.8 million
- Women = 16 million
- Children (<15 years) = 3.2 million
Age
Globally, an estimated 2.5 million children are living with HIV. An estimated 400,000 children are infected yearly.[3]
The following table demonstrates the estimated number of AIDS diagnoses in the United States in 2011 distributed by age at time of diagnosis:
Gender
In the United States, males are more commonly affected than females. This may be related to the higher prevalence of HIV in homosexual men.
Prevalence by Mode of Transmission
The most common method of transmission is sexual contact. Unprotected male-to-male sexual contact is the major factor, followed by unprotected male-to-female sexual contact.
Race/Ethinicity
In the United States, HIV is most common among African-American males and females from Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander origins.
Mortality
The total number of deaths attributable to HIV/AIDS in 2013 according to the WHO:
- Total = 1.5 million
- Adults = 1.3 million
- Children (>15 years) = 190,000
Treatment
The number of patients receiving antiretroviral therapy has been on the rise since the introduction of these agents. In 2013, approximately 12.5 million individuals were receiving antiretroviral therapy.
Developing Countries
Sub-Saharan Africa remains by far the worst affected region, with an estimated 23.8 to 28.9 million people currently living with HIV. More than 60% of all people living with HIV are in Sub-Saharan Africa, as are more than three quarters (76%) of all women living with HIV.
In 2007, Sub-Saharan Africa accounted for 76% of all AIDS deaths and approximately 35% of all new infections worldwide. Unlike other regions, most people living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa in 2007 (61%) were women. Adult prevalence in 2007 was an estimated 5.0%, and AIDS continued to be the single largest cause of mortality in this region.[3] South Africa has the largest population of HIV patients in the world, followed by Nigeria and India.[4] South & South East Asia are the second worst affected regions; in 2007, an estimated 18% of all people living with AIDS, and an estimated 300,000 deaths from AIDS were attributable to these regions.[3] The estimated adult prevalence of AIDS in India is approximately 0.36%.[3] Life expectancy has fallen dramatically in the worst-affected countries; for example, in 2006 it was estimated that it had dropped from 65 to 35 years in Botswana.[5]
References
- ↑ {{cite journal | author=Palella FJ Jr, Delaney KM, Moorman AC, et al | title=Declining morbidity and mortality among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. HIV Outpatient Study Investigators | journal=N. Engl. J. Med | year=1998 | pages=853–860 | volume=338 | issue=13 | pmid=9516219
- ↑ "WHO 2013 statistics".
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 UNAIDS, WHO (December 2007). "2007 AIDS epidemic update" (PDF). Retrieved 2008-03-12.
- ↑ McNeil DG Jr (2007-11-20). "U.N. agency to say it overstated extent of H.I.V. cases by millions". New York Times. Retrieved 2008-03-18.
- ↑ Kallings LO (2008). "The first postmodern pandemic: 25 years of HIV/AIDS". J Intern Med. 263 (3): 218–43. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2007.01910.x. PMID 18205765.
