Hepatic encephalopathy causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: ;Mohamadmostafa Jahansouz M.D.[2]

Overview

The most common cause of hepatic encephalopathy is hepatic cirrhosis, drug and toxins and acute fulminant hepatitis. Less common causes of hepatic encephalopathy include Wilson's disease, porphyria, alpha-1-antitripsin deficiency, autoimmune hepatitis, Budd-chiari syndrome, cancer(primary hepatic cancer or metastasis to liver), HELLP syndrome(hemolysis, elevated liver function tests, and low platelets) and sepsis.

Causes

Common Causes

Common causes of hepatic encephalopathy include:

• Hepatic cirrhosis
• Drug and toxins(acetaminophen, amoxicilin/clavulanate, halothane, iron, NSAIDs, isoniazid ,carbon tetrachloride, Wild mushroom Amanita phalloides)

• Acute fulminant viral hepatitis

Less Common Causes

Less common causes of hepatic encephalopathy include:

• Wilson’s disease
• Porphyria
• Alpha-1-antitripsin deficiency

• Autoimmune hepatitis
• Budd-chiari syndrome
• Cancer(primary hepatic cancer or metastasis to liver)
• HELLP syndrome(hemolysis, elevated liver function tests, and low platelets)
• Sepsis
• Right heart failure

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	Budd-chiari syndrome Right heart failure
Chemical/Poisoning	Drug and toxins(acetaminophen, amoxicilin/clavulanate, halothane, iron, NSAIDs, isoniazid ,carbon tetrachloride, Wild mushroom Amanita phalloides)
Dental	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	No underlying causes
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	No underlying causes
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	Hepatic cirrhosis, acute fulminant viral hepatitis, Wilson's disease, hemochromatosis, alpha-1-antitripsin deficiency, autoimmune hepatitis, cancer(primary hepatic cancer or metastasis to liver)
Genetic	No underlying causes
Hematologic	Porphyria, HELLP syndrome (hemolysis, elevated liver function tests, and low platelets)
Iatrogenic	No underlying causes
Infectious Disease	Sepsis
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic	No underlying causes
Neurologic	No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic	No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy	No underlying causes
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

List the causes of the disease in alphabetical order.

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