Constipation ultrasound: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Constipation}} | {{Constipation}} | ||
{{CMG}} {{AE}} | {{CMG}} {{AE}}{{EG}} | ||
==Overview== | |||
Endoanal ultrasound may be helpful for diagnosing underlying [[diseases]] of constipation, particularly [[sphincter]] [[Pathology|pathologies]]. Findings on an [[ultrasound]] suggestive of [[sphincter]] disorders are decline in thickness, depth , and size of the [[Sphincter ani externus|sphincter muscle]]. Endoanal [[ultrasound]] findings are scored through Starck scoring system, based on thickness, depth, and size of the sphincter muscles. The [[sphincter]] abnormality is classified as small (score of 1-4), moderate (score of 5-7), or large (score of 8-16). | |||
== | ==Ultrasound== | ||
=== Endoanal ultrasonography === | |||
Endoanal ultrasound may be helpful for diagnosing underlying diseases of constipation, particularly [[sphincter]] [[Pathology|pathologies]]. Findings on an [[ultrasound]] suggestive of [[sphincter]] disorders include: | |||
*Decline in thickness of the [[Sphincter recti|sphincter muscle]] | |||
*Decline in depth of the [[Sphincter recti|sphincter muscle]] | |||
*Decline in size of the [[Sphincter recti|sphincter muscle]] | |||
=== Starck scoring system === | |||
* Endoanal [[ultrasound]] findings are scored through Starck scoring system, based on thickness, depth, and size of the [[Sphincter recti|sphincter muscle]].<ref name="pmid22595581">{{cite journal |vauthors=Caldaro T, Romeo E, De Angelis P, Gambitta RA, Rea F, Torroni F, Foschia F, di Abriola GF, Dall'Oglio L |title=Three-dimensional endoanal ultrasound and anorectal manometry in children with anorectal malformations: new discoveries |journal=J. Pediatr. Surg. |volume=47 |issue=5 |pages=956–63 |year=2012 |pmid=22595581 |doi=10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2012.01.051 |url=}}</ref> | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! rowspan="2" |Defect | |||
! colspan="4" |Score | |||
|- | |||
!0 | |||
!1 | |||
!2 | |||
!3 | |||
|- | |||
|Length of defect | |||
|None | |||
|≤1/2 | |||
|>1/2 | |||
|Whole | |||
|- | |||
|Depth of defect | |||
|None | |||
|Partial | |||
|Total | |||
|– | |||
|- | |||
|Size of defect | |||
|None | |||
|≤90° | |||
|91°-180° | |||
|>180° | |||
|} | |||
* Starck scoring system is used for both [[Internal anal sphincter|internal]] and [[External anal sphincter|external anal sphincters]], from 0-16 points. | |||
* The [[sphincter]] abnormality is graded upon the points as following:<ref name="StarckBohe2003">{{cite journal|last1=Starck|first1=M.|last2=Bohe|first2=M.|last3=Valentin|first3=L.|title=Results of endosonographic imaging of the anal sphincter 2-7 days after primary repair of third- or fourth-degree obstetric sphincter tears|journal=Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology|volume=22|issue=6|year=2003|pages=609–615|issn=09607692|doi=10.1002/uog.920}}</ref> | |||
** Score of 1-4 is classified as small | |||
** Score of 5-7 is classified as moderate | |||
** Score of 8-16 is classified as large | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
Revision as of 14:50, 15 December 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Eiman Ghaffarpasand, M.D. [2]
Overview
Endoanal ultrasound may be helpful for diagnosing underlying diseases of constipation, particularly sphincter pathologies. Findings on an ultrasound suggestive of sphincter disorders are decline in thickness, depth , and size of the sphincter muscle. Endoanal ultrasound findings are scored through Starck scoring system, based on thickness, depth, and size of the sphincter muscles. The sphincter abnormality is classified as small (score of 1-4), moderate (score of 5-7), or large (score of 8-16).
Ultrasound
Endoanal ultrasonography
Endoanal ultrasound may be helpful for diagnosing underlying diseases of constipation, particularly sphincter pathologies. Findings on an ultrasound suggestive of sphincter disorders include:
- Decline in thickness of the sphincter muscle
- Decline in depth of the sphincter muscle
- Decline in size of the sphincter muscle
Starck scoring system
- Endoanal ultrasound findings are scored through Starck scoring system, based on thickness, depth, and size of the sphincter muscle.[1]
| Defect | Score | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | |
| Length of defect | None | ≤1/2 | >1/2 | Whole |
| Depth of defect | None | Partial | Total | – |
| Size of defect | None | ≤90° | 91°-180° | >180° |
- Starck scoring system is used for both internal and external anal sphincters, from 0-16 points.
- The sphincter abnormality is graded upon the points as following:[2]
- Score of 1-4 is classified as small
- Score of 5-7 is classified as moderate
- Score of 8-16 is classified as large
References
- ↑ Caldaro T, Romeo E, De Angelis P, Gambitta RA, Rea F, Torroni F, Foschia F, di Abriola GF, Dall'Oglio L (2012). "Three-dimensional endoanal ultrasound and anorectal manometry in children with anorectal malformations: new discoveries". J. Pediatr. Surg. 47 (5): 956–63. doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2012.01.051. PMID 22595581.
- ↑ Starck, M.; Bohe, M.; Valentin, L. (2003). "Results of endosonographic imaging of the anal sphincter 2-7 days after primary repair of third- or fourth-degree obstetric sphincter tears". Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 22 (6): 609–615. doi:10.1002/uog.920. ISSN 0960-7692.