MAL (gene): Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox_gene}}
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'''Myelin and lymphocyte protein''' is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the ''MAL'' [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: MAL mal, T-cell differentiation protein| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=4118| accessdate = }}</ref>
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
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== Function ==
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB =
| Name = Mal, T-cell differentiation protein
| HGNCid = 6817
| Symbol = MAL
| AltSymbols =;
| OMIM = 188860
| ECnumber = 
| Homologene = 7827
| MGIid = 892970
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_MAL_204777_s_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008289 |text = lipid binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0015267 |text = channel activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016505 |text = apoptotic protease activator activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0019911 |text = structural constituent of myelin sheath}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005624 |text = membrane fraction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005626 |text = insoluble fraction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005768 |text = endosome}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005783 |text = endoplasmic reticulum}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005887 |text = integral to plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016020 |text = membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016324 |text = apical plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045121 |text = lipid raft}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001766 |text = lipid raft polarization}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006917 |text = induction of apoptosis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007165 |text = signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007417 |text = central nervous system development}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007516 |text = hemocyte development}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030154 |text = cell differentiation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042552 |text = myelination}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045176 |text = apical protein localization}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 4118
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000172005
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_002362
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_002371
    | Hs_GenLoc_db = 
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 2
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 95055156
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 95083462
    | Hs_Uniprot = P21145
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 17153
    | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000027375
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_010762
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_034892
    | Mm_GenLoc_db = 
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 2
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 127324669
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 127347724
    | Mm_Uniprot = Q545Q7
  }}
}}
'''Mal, T-cell differentiation protein''', also known as '''MAL''', is a human [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: MAL mal, T-cell differentiation protein| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=4118| accessdate = }}</ref>


<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
The protein encoded by this gene is a highly hydrophobic integral membrane protein belonging to the MAL family of proteolipids. The protein has been localized to the endoplasmic reticulum of T-cells and is a candidate linker protein in T-cell signal transduction. In addition, this proteolipid is localized in compact myelin of cells in the nervous system and has been implicated in myelin biogenesis and/or function. The protein plays a role in the formation, stabilization and maintenance of glycosphingolipid-enriched membrane microdomains. [[Alternative splicing]] produces four transcript variants which vary from each other by the presence or absence of alternatively spliced exons 2 and 3.<ref name="entrez" /> The MAL protein is also thought to interact with the protein encoded by [[LSMEM1]] based on [[two-hybrid screening]].<ref>{{cite web | title = LSMEM1 | url = http://thebiogrid.org/130271/table/homo-sapiens/lsmem1.html | website = BioGRID | accessdate = 30 April 2015 }}</ref>
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = The protein encoded by this gene is a highly hydrophobic integral membrane protein belonging to the MAL family of proteolipids. The protein has been localized to the endoplasmic reticulum of T-cells and is a candidate linker protein in T-cell signal transduction. In addition, this proteolipid is localized in compact myelin of cells in the nervous system and has been implicated in myelin biogenesis and/or function. The protein plays a role in the formation, stabilization and maintenance of glycosphingolipid-enriched membrane microdomains. Alternative splicing produces four transcript variants which vary from each other by the presence or absence of alternatively spliced exons 2 and 3.<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: MAL mal, T-cell differentiation protein| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=4118| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}


==References==
== References ==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{Clear}}
{{refbegin | 2}}
 
{{PBB_Further_reading
== Further reading ==
| citations =
{{refbegin|33em}}
*{{cite journal | author=Frank M |title=MAL, a proteolipid in glycosphingolipid enriched domains: functional implications in myelin and beyond. |journal=Prog. Neurobiol. |volume=60 |issue= 6 |pages= 531-44 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10739088 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Frank M | title = MAL, a proteolipid in glycosphingolipid enriched domains: functional implications in myelin and beyond | journal = Progress in Neurobiology | volume = 60 | issue = 6 | pages = 531–44 | date = Apr 2000 | pmid = 10739088 | doi = 10.1016/S0301-0082(99)00039-8 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Alonso MA, Barton DE, Francke U |title=Assignment of the T-cell differentiation gene MAL to human chromosome 2, region cen----q13. |journal=Immunogenetics |volume=27 |issue= 2 |pages= 91-5 |year= 1988 |pmid= 3257199 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Alonso MA, Barton DE, Francke U | title = Assignment of the T-cell differentiation gene MAL to human chromosome 2, region cen----q13 | journal = Immunogenetics | volume = 27 | issue = 2 | pages = 91–5 | year = 1988 | pmid = 3257199 | doi = 10.1007/BF00351081 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Alonso MA, Weissman SM |title=cDNA cloning and sequence of MAL, a hydrophobic protein associated with human T-cell differentiation. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=84 |issue= 7 |pages= 1997-2001 |year= 1987 |pmid= 3494249 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Alonso MA, Weissman SM | title = cDNA cloning and sequence of MAL, a hydrophobic protein associated with human T-cell differentiation | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 84 | issue = 7 | pages = 1997–2001 | date = Apr 1987 | pmid = 3494249 | pmc = 304570 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.84.7.1997 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Rancaño C, Rubio T, Alonso MA |title=Alternative splicing of human T-cell-specific MAL mRNA and its correlation with the exon/intron organization of the gene. |journal=Genomics |volume=21 |issue= 2 |pages= 447-50 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8088843 |doi= 10.1006/geno.1994.1294 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Rancaño C, Rubio T, Alonso MA | title = Alternative splicing of human T-cell-specific MAL mRNA and its correlation with the exon/intron organization of the gene | journal = Genomics | volume = 21 | issue = 2 | pages = 447–50 | date = May 1994 | pmid = 8088843 | doi = 10.1006/geno.1994.1294 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Rancaño C, Rubio T, Correas I, Alonso MA |title=Genomic structure and subcellular localization of MAL, a human T-cell-specific proteolipid protein. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=269 |issue= 11 |pages= 8159-64 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8132541 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Rancaño C, Rubio T, Correas I, Alonso MA | title = Genomic structure and subcellular localization of MAL, a human T-cell-specific proteolipid protein | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 269 | issue = 11 | pages = 8159–64 | date = Mar 1994 | pmid = 8132541 | doi =  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Millán J, Puertollano R, Fan L, ''et al.'' |title=The MAL proteolipid is a component of the detergent-insoluble membrane subdomains of human T-lymphocytes. |journal=Biochem. J. |volume=321 ( Pt 1) |issue= |pages= 247-52 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9003426 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Millán J, Puertollano R, Fan L, Rancaño C, Alonso MA | title = The MAL proteolipid is a component of the detergent-insoluble membrane subdomains of human T-lymphocytes | journal = The Biochemical Journal | volume = 321 ( Pt 1) | issue = 1 | pages = 247–52 | date = Jan 1997 | pmid = 9003426 | pmc = 1218061 | doi =  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Millán J, Puertollano R, Fan L, Alonso MA |title=Caveolin and MAL, two protein components of internal detergent-insoluble membranes, are in distinct lipid microenvironments in MDCK cells. |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=233 |issue= 3 |pages= 707-12 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9168919 |doi= 10.1006/bbrc.1997.6530 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Millán J, Puertollano R, Fan L, Alonso MA | title = Caveolin and MAL, two protein components of internal detergent-insoluble membranes, are in distinct lipid microenvironments in MDCK cells | journal = Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications | volume = 233 | issue = 3 | pages = 707–12 | date = Apr 1997 | pmid = 9168919 | doi = 10.1006/bbrc.1997.6530 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Martín-Belmonte F, Kremer L, Albar JP, ''et al.'' |title=Expression of the MAL gene in the thyroid: the MAL proteolipid, a component of glycolipid-enriched membranes, is apically distributed in thyroid follicles. |journal=Endocrinology |volume=139 |issue= 4 |pages= 2077-84 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9528996 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Martín-Belmonte F, Kremer L, Albar JP, Marazuela M, Alonso MA | title = Expression of the MAL gene in the thyroid: the MAL proteolipid, a component of glycolipid-enriched membranes, is apically distributed in thyroid follicles | journal = Endocrinology | volume = 139 | issue = 4 | pages = 2077–84 | date = Apr 1998 | pmid = 9528996 | doi = 10.1210/en.139.4.2077 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Köhler C, Håkansson A, Svanborg C, ''et al.'' |title=Protease activation in apoptosis induced by MAL. |journal=Exp. Cell Res. |volume=249 |issue= 2 |pages= 260-8 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10366425 |doi= 10.1006/excr.1999.4472 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Köhler C, Håkansson A, Svanborg C, Orrenius S, Zhivotovsky B | title = Protease activation in apoptosis induced by MAL | journal = Experimental Cell Research | volume = 249 | issue = 2 | pages = 260–8 | date = Jun 1999 | pmid = 10366425 | doi = 10.1006/excr.1999.4472 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Frank M, Schaeren-Wiemers N, Schneider R, Schwab ME |title=Developmental expression pattern of the myelin proteolipid MAL indicates different functions of MAL for immature Schwann cells and in a late step of CNS myelinogenesis. |journal=J. Neurochem. |volume=73 |issue= 2 |pages= 587-97 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10428054 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Frank M, Schaeren-Wiemers N, Schneider R, Schwab ME | title = Developmental expression pattern of the myelin proteolipid MAL indicates different functions of MAL for immature Schwann cells and in a late step of CNS myelinogenesis | journal = Journal of Neurochemistry | volume = 73 | issue = 2 | pages = 587–97 | date = Aug 1999 | pmid = 10428054 | doi = 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1999.0730587.x }}
*{{cite journal | author=Puertollano R, Alonso MA |title=MAL, an integral element of the apical sorting machinery, is an itinerant protein that cycles between the trans-Golgi network and the plasma membrane. |journal=Mol. Biol. Cell |volume=10 |issue= 10 |pages= 3435-47 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10512878 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Puertollano R, Alonso MA | title = MAL, an integral element of the apical sorting machinery, is an itinerant protein that cycles between the trans-Golgi network and the plasma membrane | journal = Molecular Biology of the Cell | volume = 10 | issue = 10 | pages = 3435–47 | date = Oct 1999 | pmid = 10512878 | pmc = 25613 | doi = 10.1091/mbc.10.10.3435 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Erne B, Sansano S, Frank M, Schaeren-Wiemers N |title=Rafts in adult peripheral nerve myelin contain major structural myelin proteins and myelin and lymphocyte protein (MAL) and CD59 as specific markers. |journal=J. Neurochem. |volume=82 |issue= 3 |pages= 550-62 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12153479 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Erne B, Sansano S, Frank M, Schaeren-Wiemers N | title = Rafts in adult peripheral nerve myelin contain major structural myelin proteins and myelin and lymphocyte protein (MAL) and CD59 as specific markers | journal = Journal of Neurochemistry | volume = 82 | issue = 3 | pages = 550–62 | date = Aug 2002 | pmid = 12153479 | doi = 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2002.00987.x }}
*{{cite journal | author=Copie-Bergman C, Plonquet A, Alonso MA, ''et al.'' |title=MAL expression in lymphoid cells: further evidence for MAL as a distinct molecular marker of primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphomas. |journal=Mod. Pathol. |volume=15 |issue= 11 |pages= 1172-80 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12429796 |doi= 10.1097/01.MP.0000032534.81894.B3 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Copie-Bergman C, Plonquet A, Alonso MA, Boulland ML, Marquet J, Divine M, Möller P, Leroy K, Gaulard P | title = MAL expression in lymphoid cells: further evidence for MAL as a distinct molecular marker of primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphomas | journal = Modern Pathology | volume = 15 | issue = 11 | pages = 1172–80 | date = Nov 2002 | pmid = 12429796 | doi = 10.1097/01.MP.0000032534.81894.B3 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, ''et al.'' |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899-903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Kazemi-Noureini S, Colonna-Romano S, Ziaee AA, Malboobi MA, Yazdanbod M, Setayeshgar P, Maresca B | title = Differential gene expression between squamous cell carcinoma of esophageus and its normal epithelium; altered pattern of mal, akr1c2, and rab11a expression | journal = World Journal of Gastroenterology | volume = 10 | issue = 12 | pages = 1716–21 | date = Jun 2004 | pmid = 15188492 | doi =  10.3748/wjg.v10.i12.1716}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Kazemi-Noureini S, Colonna-Romano S, Ziaee AA, ''et al.'' |title=Differential gene expression between squamous cell carcinoma of esophageus and its normal epithelium; altered pattern of mal, akr1c2, and rab11a expression. |journal=World J. Gastroenterol. |volume=10 |issue= 12 |pages= 1716-21 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15188492 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Llorente A, de Marco MC, Alonso MA | title = Caveolin-1 and MAL are located on prostasomes secreted by the prostate cancer PC-3 cell line | journal = Journal of Cell Science | volume = 117 | issue = Pt 22 | pages = 5343–51 | date = Oct 2004 | pmid = 15466889 | doi = 10.1242/jcs.01420 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Llorente A, de Marco MC, Alonso MA |title=Caveolin-1 and MAL are located on prostasomes secreted by the prostate cancer PC-3 cell line. |journal=J. Cell. Sci. |volume=117 |issue= Pt 22 |pages= 5343-51 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15466889 |doi= 10.1242/jcs.01420 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Dukhovny A, Goldstein Magal L, Hirschberg K | title = The MAL proteolipid restricts detergent-mediated membrane pore expansion and percolation | journal = Molecular Membrane Biology | volume = 23 | issue = 3 | pages = 245–57 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16785208 | doi = 10.1080/09687860600601445 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, ''et al.'' |title=The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 10B |pages= 2121-7 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15489334 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2596504 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Mimori K, Nishida K, Nakamura Y, Ieta K, Yoshikawa Y, Sasaki A, Ishii H, Alonso MA, Mori M | title = Loss of MAL expression in precancerous lesions of the esophagus | journal = Annals of Surgical Oncology | volume = 14 | issue = 5 | pages = 1670–7 | date = May 2007 | pmid = 17151798 | doi = 10.1245/s10434-006-9064-2 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Dukhovny A, Goldstein Magal L, Hirschberg K |title=The MAL proteolipid restricts detergent-mediated membrane pore expansion and percolation. |journal=Mol. Membr. Biol. |volume=23 |issue= 3 |pages= 245-57 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16785208 |doi= 10.1080/09687860600601445 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Mimori K, Nishida K, Nakamura Y, ''et al.'' |title=Loss of MAL expression in precancerous lesions of the esophagus. |journal=Ann. Surg. Oncol. |volume=14 |issue= 5 |pages= 1670-7 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17151798 |doi= 10.1245/s10434-006-9064-2 }}
}}
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Latest revision as of 06:02, 4 September 2017

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Identifiers
Aliases
External IDsGeneCards: [1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

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Ensembl

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UniProt

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RefSeq (mRNA)

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RefSeq (protein)

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Location (UCSC)n/an/a
PubMed searchn/an/a
Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Myelin and lymphocyte protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MAL gene.[1]

Function

The protein encoded by this gene is a highly hydrophobic integral membrane protein belonging to the MAL family of proteolipids. The protein has been localized to the endoplasmic reticulum of T-cells and is a candidate linker protein in T-cell signal transduction. In addition, this proteolipid is localized in compact myelin of cells in the nervous system and has been implicated in myelin biogenesis and/or function. The protein plays a role in the formation, stabilization and maintenance of glycosphingolipid-enriched membrane microdomains. Alternative splicing produces four transcript variants which vary from each other by the presence or absence of alternatively spliced exons 2 and 3.[1] The MAL protein is also thought to interact with the protein encoded by LSMEM1 based on two-hybrid screening.[2]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Entrez Gene: MAL mal, T-cell differentiation protein".
  2. ↑ "LSMEM1". BioGRID. Retrieved 30 April 2015.

Further reading


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