PRKAR2A: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox_gene}}
{{PBB_Controls
'''cAMP-dependent protein kinase type II-alpha regulatory subunit''' is an [[enzyme]] that in humans is encoded by the ''PRKAR2A'' [[gene]].<ref name="pmid9676433">{{cite journal | vauthors = Taskén K, Naylor SL, Solberg R, Jahnsen T | title = Mapping of the gene encoding the regulatory subunit RII alpha of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (locus PRKAR2A) to human chromosome region 3p21.3-p21.2 | journal = Genomics | volume = 50 | issue = 3 | pages = 378–81 | date = Jun 1998 | pmid = 9676433 | pmc = | doi = 10.1006/geno.1998.5326 }}</ref>
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
== Function ==
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image = PBB_Protein_PRKAR2A_image.jpg
| image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1l6e.
| PDB = {{PDB2|1l6e}}, {{PDB2|1r2a}}, {{PDB2|2drn}}, {{PDB2|2h9r}}, {{PDB2|2hwn}}, {{PDB2|2izx}}, {{PDB2|2izy}}
| Name = Protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, regulatory, type II, alpha
| HGNCid = 9391
| Symbol = PRKAR2A
| AltSymbols =; MGC3606; PKR2; PRKAR2
| OMIM = 176910
| ECnumber = 
| Homologene = 3064
| MGIid = 108025
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_PRKAR2A_204842_x_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_PRKAR2A_204843_s_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image3 = PBB_GE_PRKAR2A_213052_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000166 |text = nucleotide binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008603 |text = cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulator activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016301 |text = kinase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030552 |text = cAMP binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005624 |text = membrane fraction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005737 |text = cytoplasm}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005886 |text = plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005952 |text = cAMP-dependent protein kinase complex}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006468 |text = protein amino acid phosphorylation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007165 |text = signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007242 |text = intracellular signaling cascade}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 5576
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000114302
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_004148
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_004157
    | Hs_GenLoc_db = 
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 3
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 48762099
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 48860274
    | Hs_Uniprot = P13861
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 19087
    | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000032601
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_008924
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_032950
    | Mm_GenLoc_db = 
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 9
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 108549547
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 108606747
    | Mm_Uniprot = Q8K1M3
  }}
}}
'''Protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, regulatory, type II, alpha''', also known as '''PRKAR2A''', is a human [[gene]].


<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
cAMP is a signaling molecule important for a variety of cellular functions. cAMP exerts its effects by activating the cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase, more commonly called [[Protein Kinase A]] (PKA), which transduces the signal through phosphorylation of different target proteins. The inactive holoenzyme of PKA is a tetramer composed of two regulatory and two catalytic subunits. cAMP causes the dissociation of the inactive holoenzyme into a dimer of regulatory subunits bound to four cAMP and two free monomeric catalytic subunits. Four different regulatory subunits and three catalytic subunits of PKA have been identified in humans. The protein encoded by this gene is one of the regulatory subunits. This subunit can be phosphorylated by the activated catalytic subunit. It may interact with various A-kinase anchoring proteins ([[AKAP]]s) and determine the subcellular localization of PKA. This subunit has been shown to regulate protein transport from endosomes to the Golgi apparatus and further to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: PRKAR2A protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, regulatory, type II, alpha| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=5576| accessdate = }}</ref>
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = cAMP is a signaling molecule important for a variety of cellular functions. cAMP exerts its effects by activating the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK), which transduces the signal through phosphorylation of different target proteins. The inactive holoenzyme of AMPK is a tetramer composed of two regulatory and two catalytic subunits. cAMP causes the dissociation of the inactive holoenzyme into a dimer of regulatory subunits bound to four cAMP and two free monomeric catalytic subunits. Four different regulatory subunits and three catalytic subunits of AMPK have been identified in humans. The protein encoded by this gene is one of the regulatory subunits. This subunit can be phosphorylated by the activated catalytic subunit. It may interact with various A-kinase anchoring proteins and determine the subcellular localization of AMPK. This subunit has been shown to regulate protein transport from endosomes to the Golgi apparatus and further to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: PRKAR2A protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, regulatory, type II, alpha| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=5576| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}


==See also==
== Interactions ==
 
PRKAR2A has been shown to [[Protein-protein interaction|interact]] with:
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[AKAP11]],<ref name = pmid12672969/><ref name = pmid12147701>{{cite journal | vauthors = Tanji C, Yamamoto H, Yorioka N, Kohno N, Kikuchi K, Kikuchi A | title = A-kinase anchoring protein AKAP220 binds to glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta ) and mediates protein kinase A-dependent inhibition of GSK-3beta | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 277 | issue = 40 | pages = 36955–61 | date = Oct 2002 | pmid = 12147701 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M206210200 }}</ref><ref name = pmid8621616>{{cite journal | vauthors = Lester LB, Coghlan VM, Nauert B, Scott JD | title = Cloning and characterization of a novel A-kinase anchoring protein. AKAP 220, association with testicular peroxisomes | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 271 | issue = 16 | pages = 9460–5 | date = Apr 1996 | pmid = 8621616 | doi =  10.1074/jbc.271.16.9460}}</ref>
* [[AKAP13]],<ref name = pmid12672969/><ref name = pmid1618839>{{cite journal | vauthors = Carr DW, Hausken ZE, Fraser ID, Stofko-Hahn RE, Scott JD | title = Association of the type II cAMP-dependent protein kinase with a human thyroid RII-anchoring protein. Cloning and characterization of the RII-binding domain | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 267 | issue = 19 | pages = 13376–82 | date = Jul 1992 | pmid = 1618839 | doi =  }}</ref>
* [[AKAP1]],<ref name = pmid10764601>{{cite journal | vauthors = Herberg FW, Maleszka A, Eide T, Vossebein L, Tasken K | title = Analysis of A-kinase anchoring protein (AKAP) interaction with protein kinase A (PKA) regulatory subunits: PKA isoform specificity in AKAP binding | journal = Journal of Molecular Biology | volume = 298 | issue = 2 | pages = 329–39 | date = Apr 2000 | pmid = 10764601 | doi = 10.1006/jmbi.2000.3662 }}</ref><ref name = pmid10413680>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kapiloff MS, Schillace RV, Westphal AM, Scott JD | title = mAKAP: an A-kinase anchoring protein targeted to the nuclear membrane of differentiated myocytes | journal = Journal of Cell Science | volume = 112 | issue =  16| pages = 2725–36 | date = Aug 1999 | pmid = 10413680 | doi =  }}</ref>
* [[AKAP2]],<ref name = pmid12672969>{{cite journal | vauthors = Alto NM, Soderling SH, Hoshi N, Langeberg LK, Fayos R, Jennings PA, Scott JD | title = Bioinformatic design of A-kinase anchoring protein-in silico: a potent and selective peptide antagonist of type II protein kinase A anchoring | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 100 | issue = 8 | pages = 4445–50 | date = Apr 2003 | pmid = 12672969 | pmc = 153575 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.0330734100 }}</ref><ref name = pmid9497389>{{cite journal | vauthors = Dong F, Feldmesser M, Casadevall A, Rubin CS | title = Molecular characterization of a cDNA that encodes six isoforms of a novel murine A kinase anchor protein | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 273 | issue = 11 | pages = 6533–41 | date = Mar 1998 | pmid = 9497389 | doi =  10.1074/jbc.273.11.6533}}</ref>
* [[AKAP3]],<ref name = pmid10319321>{{cite journal | vauthors = Vijayaraghavan S, Liberty GA, Mohan J, Winfrey VP, Olson GE, Carr DW | title = Isolation and molecular characterization of AKAP110, a novel, sperm-specific protein kinase A-anchoring protein | journal = Molecular Endocrinology | volume = 13 | issue = 5 | pages = 705–17 | date = May 1999 | pmid = 10319321 | doi = 10.1210/mend.13.5.0278 }}</ref><ref name = pmid11278869>{{cite journal | vauthors = Carr DW, Fujita A, Stentz CL, Liberty GA, Olson GE, Narumiya S | title = Identification of sperm-specific proteins that interact with A-kinase anchoring proteins in a manner similar to the type II regulatory subunit of PKA | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 276 | issue = 20 | pages = 17332–8 | date = May 2001 | pmid = 11278869 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M011252200 }}</ref>
* [[AKAP8]],<ref name = pmid9473338>{{cite journal | vauthors = Eide T, Coghlan V, Orstavik S, Holsve C, Solberg R, Skâlhegg BS, Lamb NJ, Langeberg L, Fernandez A, Scott JD, Jahnsen T, Taskén K | title = Molecular cloning, chromosomal localization, and cell cycle-dependent subcellular distribution of the A-kinase anchoring protein, AKAP95 | journal = Experimental Cell Research | volume = 238 | issue = 2 | pages = 305–16 | date = Feb 1998 | pmid = 9473338 | doi = 10.1006/excr.1997.3855 }}</ref><ref name = pmid10601332>{{cite journal | vauthors = Collas P, Le Guellec K, Taskén K | title = The A-kinase-anchoring protein AKAP95 is a multivalent protein with a key role in chromatin condensation at mitosis | journal = The Journal of Cell Biology | volume = 147 | issue = 6 | pages = 1167–80 | date = Dec 1999 | pmid = 10601332 | pmc = 2168084 | doi =  10.1083/jcb.147.6.1167}}</ref>
* [[AKAP9]],<ref name = pmid12672969/><ref name = pmid10358086>{{cite journal | vauthors = Takahashi M, Shibata H, Shimakawa M, Miyamoto M, Mukai H, Ono Y | title = Characterization of a novel giant scaffolding protein, CG-NAP, that anchors multiple signaling enzymes to centrosome and the golgi apparatus | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 274 | issue = 24 | pages = 17267–74 | date = Jun 1999 | pmid = 10358086 | doi =  10.1074/jbc.274.24.17267}}</ref>
* [[ARFGEF2]],<ref name = pmid12571360>{{cite journal | vauthors = Li H, Adamik R, Pacheco-Rodriguez G, Moss J, Vaughan M | title = Protein kinase A-anchoring (AKAP) domains in brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange protein 2 (BIG2) | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 100 | issue = 4 | pages = 1627–32 | date = Feb 2003 | pmid = 12571360 | pmc = 149883 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.0337678100 }}</ref>
* [[CBFA2T3]]<ref name = pmid11823486>{{cite journal | vauthors = Schillace RV, Andrews SF, Liberty GA, Davey MP, Carr DW | title = Identification and characterization of myeloid translocation gene 16b as a novel a kinase anchoring protein in T lymphocytes | journal = Journal of Immunology | volume = 168 | issue = 4 | pages = 1590–9 | date = Feb 2002 | pmid = 11823486 | doi =  10.4049/jimmunol.168.4.1590}}</ref>
* [[GSK3B]],<ref name = pmid12147701/>
* [[PDE4A]],<ref name = pmid11296225>{{cite journal | vauthors = Dodge KL, Khouangsathiene S, Kapiloff MS, Mouton R, Hill EV, Houslay MD, Langeberg LK, Scott JD | title = mAKAP assembles a protein kinase A/PDE4 phosphodiesterase cAMP signaling module | journal = The EMBO Journal | volume = 20 | issue = 8 | pages = 1921–30 | date = Apr 2001 | pmid = 11296225 | pmc = 125429 | doi = 10.1093/emboj/20.8.1921 }}</ref> and
* [[RUNX1T1]].<ref name = pmid11593431>{{cite journal | vauthors = Fukuyama T, Sueoka E, Sugio Y, Otsuka T, Niho Y, Akagi K, Kozu T | title = MTG8 proto-oncoprotein interacts with the regulatory subunit of type II cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase in lymphocytes | journal = Oncogene | volume = 20 | issue = 43 | pages = 6225–32 | date = Sep 2001 | pmid = 11593431 | doi = 10.1038/sj.onc.1204794 }}</ref>
{{Div col end}}
 
== See also ==
* [[Protein kinase]]
* [[Protein kinase]]
* [[AMP-activated protein kinase|AMPK]]
* [[AMP-activated protein kinase|AMPK]]
* [[Cyclic adenosine monophosphate|cAMP]]
* [[Cyclic adenosine monophosphate|cAMP]]


==References==
== References ==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|33em}}
==Further reading==
 
{{refbegin | 2}}
== Further reading ==
{{PBB_Further_reading
{{refbegin |33em}}
| citations =
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Cho-Chung YS, Nesterova MV | title = Tumor reversion: protein kinase A isozyme switching | journal = Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences | volume = 1058 | issue =  | pages = 76–86 | date = Nov 2005 | pmid = 16394127 | doi = 10.1196/annals.1359.014 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Cho-Chung YS, Nesterova MV |title=Tumor reversion: protein kinase A isozyme switching. |journal=Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. |volume=1058 |issue=  |pages= 76-86 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16394127 |doi= 10.1196/annals.1359.014 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Harrich D, McMillan N, Munoz L, Apolloni A, Meredith L | title = Will diverse Tat interactions lead to novel antiretroviral drug targets? | journal = Current Drug Targets | volume = 7 | issue = 12 | pages = 1595–606 | date = Dec 2006 | pmid = 17168834 | doi = 10.2174/138945006779025338 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Harrich D, McMillan N, Munoz L, ''et al.'' |title=Will diverse Tat interactions lead to novel antiretroviral drug targets? |journal=Current drug targets |volume=7 |issue= 12 |pages= 1595-606 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17168834 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Skålhegg BS, Landmark B, Foss KB, Lohmann SM, Hansson V, Lea T, Jahnsen T | title = Identification, purification, and characterization of subunits of cAMP-dependent protein kinase in human testis. Reverse mobilities of human RII alpha and RII beta on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis compared with rat and bovine RIIs | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 267 | issue = 8 | pages = 5374–9 | date = Mar 1992 | pmid = 1544918 | doi =  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Skålhegg BS, Landmark B, Foss KB, ''et al.'' |title=Identification, purification, and characterization of subunits of cAMP-dependent protein kinase in human testis. Reverse mobilities of human RII alpha and RII beta on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis compared with rat and bovine RIIs. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=267 |issue= 8 |pages= 5374-9 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1544918 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Carr DW, Hausken ZE, Fraser ID, Stofko-Hahn RE, Scott JD | title = Association of the type II cAMP-dependent protein kinase with a human thyroid RII-anchoring protein. Cloning and characterization of the RII-binding domain | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 267 | issue = 19 | pages = 13376–82 | date = Jul 1992 | pmid = 1618839 | doi =  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Carr DW, Hausken ZE, Fraser ID, ''et al.'' |title=Association of the type II cAMP-dependent protein kinase with a human thyroid RII-anchoring protein. Cloning and characterization of the RII-binding domain. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=267 |issue= 19 |pages= 13376-82 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1618839 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Hofmann B, Nishanian P, Baldwin RL, Insixiengmay P, Nel A, Fahey JL | title = HIV inhibits the early steps of lymphocyte activation, including initiation of inositol phospholipid metabolism | journal = Journal of Immunology | volume = 145 | issue = 11 | pages = 3699–705 | date = Dec 1990 | pmid = 1978848 | doi =  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Hofmann B, Nishanian P, Baldwin RL, ''et al.'' |title=HIV inhibits the early steps of lymphocyte activation, including initiation of inositol phospholipid metabolism. |journal=J. Immunol. |volume=145 |issue= 11 |pages= 3699-705 |year= 1991 |pmid= 1978848 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Scott JD, Stofko RE, McDonald JR, Comer JD, Vitalis EA, Mangili JA | title = Type II regulatory subunit dimerization determines the subcellular localization of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 265 | issue = 35 | pages = 21561–6 | date = Dec 1990 | pmid = 2147685 | doi =  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Scott JD, Stofko RE, McDonald JR, ''et al.'' |title=Type II regulatory subunit dimerization determines the subcellular localization of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=265 |issue= 35 |pages= 21561-6 |year= 1991 |pmid= 2147685 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Oyen O, Myklebust F, Scott JD, Hansson V, Jahnsen T | title = Human testis cDNA for the regulatory subunit RII alpha of cAMP-dependent protein kinase encodes an alternate amino-terminal region | journal = FEBS Letters | volume = 246 | issue = 1-2 | pages = 57–64 | date = Mar 1989 | pmid = 2540040 | doi = 10.1016/0014-5793(89)80253-4 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Oyen O, Myklebust F, Scott JD, ''et al.'' |title=Human testis cDNA for the regulatory subunit RII alpha of cAMP-dependent protein kinase encodes an alternate amino-terminal region. |journal=FEBS Lett. |volume=246 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 57-64 |year= 1989 |pmid= 2540040 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Obar RA, Dingus J, Bayley H, Vallee RB | title = The RII subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase binds to a common amino-terminal domain in microtubule-associated proteins 2A, 2B, and 2C | journal = Neuron | volume = 3 | issue = 5 | pages = 639–45 | date = Nov 1989 | pmid = 2561973 | doi = 10.1016/0896-6273(89)90274-2 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Obar RA, Dingus J, Bayley H, Vallee RB |title=The RII subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase binds to a common amino-terminal domain in microtubule-associated proteins 2A, 2B, and 2C. |journal=Neuron |volume=3 |issue= 5 |pages= 639-45 |year= 1990 |pmid= 2561973 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Rubino HM, Dammerman M, Shafit-Zagardo B, Erlichman J | title = Localization and characterization of the binding site for the regulatory subunit of type II cAMP-dependent protein kinase on MAP2 | journal = Neuron | volume = 3 | issue = 5 | pages = 631–8 | date = Nov 1989 | pmid = 2701845 | doi = 10.1016/0896-6273(89)90273-0 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Rubino HM, Dammerman M, Shafit-Zagardo B, Erlichman J |title=Localization and characterization of the binding site for the regulatory subunit of type II cAMP-dependent protein kinase on MAP2. |journal=Neuron |volume=3 |issue= 5 |pages= 631-8 |year= 1990 |pmid= 2701845 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Hemmings BA, Aitken A, Cohen P, Rymond M, Hofmann F | title = Phosphorylation of the type-II regulatory subunit of cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase by glycogen synthase kinase 3 and glycogen synthase kinase 5 | journal = European Journal of Biochemistry / FEBS | volume = 127 | issue = 3 | pages = 473–81 | date = Oct 1982 | pmid = 6293815 | doi = 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1982.tb06896.x }}
*{{cite journal | author=Hemmings BA, Aitken A, Cohen P, ''et al.'' |title=Phosphorylation of the type-II regulatory subunit of cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase by glycogen synthase kinase 3 and glycogen synthase kinase 5. |journal=Eur. J. Biochem. |volume=127 |issue= 3 |pages= 473-81 |year= 1983 |pmid= 6293815 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Hofmann B, Nishanian P, Nguyen T, Insixiengmay P, Fahey JL | title = Human immunodeficiency virus proteins induce the inhibitory cAMP/protein kinase A pathway in normal lymphocytes | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 90 | issue = 14 | pages = 6676–80 | date = Jul 1993 | pmid = 7688126 | pmc = 46995 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.90.14.6676 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Hofmann B, Nishanian P, Nguyen T, ''et al.'' |title=Human immunodeficiency virus proteins induce the inhibitory cAMP/protein kinase A pathway in normal lymphocytes. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=90 |issue= 14 |pages= 6676-80 |year= 1993 |pmid= 7688126 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Pariset C, Weinman S | title = Differential localization of two isoforms of the regulatory subunit RII alpha of cAMP-dependent protein kinase in human sperm: biochemical and cytochemical study | journal = Molecular Reproduction and Development | volume = 39 | issue = 4 | pages = 415–22 | date = Dec 1994 | pmid = 7893490 | doi = 10.1002/mrd.1080390410 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Pariset C, Weinman S |title=Differential localization of two isoforms of the regulatory subunit RII alpha of cAMP-dependent protein kinase in human sperm: biochemical and cytochemical study. |journal=Mol. Reprod. Dev. |volume=39 |issue= 4 |pages= 415-22 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7893490 |doi= 10.1002/mrd.1080390410 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Cheley S, Panchal RG, Carr DW, Scott JD, Bayley H | title = Type II regulatory subunits of cAMP-dependent protein kinase and their binding proteins in the nervous system of Aplysia californica | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 269 | issue = 4 | pages = 2911–20 | date = Jan 1994 | pmid = 7905481 | doi =  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Cheley S, Panchal RG, Carr DW, ''et al.'' |title=Type II regulatory subunits of cAMP-dependent protein kinase and their binding proteins in the nervous system of Aplysia californica. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=269 |issue= 4 |pages= 2911-20 |year= 1994 |pmid= 7905481 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Hausken ZE, Coghlan VM, Hastings CA, Reimann EM, Scott JD | title = Type II regulatory subunit (RII) of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase interaction with A-kinase anchor proteins requires isoleucines 3 and 5 | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 269 | issue = 39 | pages = 24245–51 | date = Sep 1994 | pmid = 7929081 | doi =  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Hausken ZE, Coghlan VM, Hastings CA, ''et al.'' |title=Type II regulatory subunit (RII) of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase interaction with A-kinase anchor proteins requires isoleucines 3 and 5. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=269 |issue= 39 |pages= 24245-51 |year= 1994 |pmid= 7929081 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Hofmann B, Nishanian P, Fan J, Nguyen T, Fahey JL | title = HIV Gag p17 protein impairs proliferation of normal lymphocytes in vitro | journal = AIDS | volume = 8 | issue = 7 | pages = 1016–7 | date = Jul 1994 | pmid = 7946090 | doi = 10.1097/00002030-199407000-00025 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Hofmann B, Nishanian P, Fan J, ''et al.'' |title=HIV Gag p17 protein impairs proliferation of normal lymphocytes in vitro. |journal=AIDS |volume=8 |issue= 7 |pages= 1016-7 |year= 1994 |pmid= 7946090 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Beebe SJ, Salomonsky P, Holroyd C, Becker D | title = Differential expression of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase isozymes in normal human melanocytes and malignant melanomas | journal = Cell Growth & Differentiation | volume = 4 | issue = 12 | pages = 1005–12 | date = Dec 1993 | pmid = 8117614 | doi =  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Beebe SJ, Salomonsky P, Holroyd C, Becker D |title=Differential expression of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase isozymes in normal human melanocytes and malignant melanomas. |journal=Cell Growth Differ. |volume=4 |issue= 12 |pages= 1005-12 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8117614 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Coghlan VM, Langeberg LK, Fernandez A, Lamb NJ, Scott JD | title = Cloning and characterization of AKAP 95, a nuclear protein that associates with the regulatory subunit of type II cAMP-dependent protein kinase | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 269 | issue = 10 | pages = 7658–65 | date = Mar 1994 | pmid = 8125992 | doi =  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Coghlan VM, Langeberg LK, Fernandez A, ''et al.'' |title=Cloning and characterization of AKAP 95, a nuclear protein that associates with the regulatory subunit of type II cAMP-dependent protein kinase. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=269 |issue= 10 |pages= 7658-65 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8125992 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Lester LB, Coghlan VM, Nauert B, Scott JD | title = Cloning and characterization of a novel A-kinase anchoring protein. AKAP 220, association with testicular peroxisomes | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 271 | issue = 16 | pages = 9460–5 | date = Apr 1996 | pmid = 8621616 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.271.16.9460 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Lester LB, Coghlan VM, Nauert B, Scott JD |title=Cloning and characterization of a novel A-kinase anchoring protein. AKAP 220, association with testicular peroxisomes. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=271 |issue= 16 |pages= 9460-5 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8621616 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Foss KB, Solberg R, Simard J, Myklebust F, Hansson V, Jahnsen T, Taskén K | title = Molecular cloning, upstream sequence and promoter studies of the human gene for the regulatory subunit RII alpha of cAMP-dependent protein kinase | journal = Biochimica et Biophysica Acta | volume = 1350 | issue = 1 | pages = 98–108 | date = Jan 1997 | pmid = 9003463 | doi = 10.1016/S0167-4781(96)00152-2 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Foss KB, Solberg R, Simard J, ''et al.'' |title=Molecular cloning, upstream sequence and promoter studies of the human gene for the regulatory subunit RII alpha of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. |journal=Biochim. Biophys. Acta |volume=1350 |issue= 1 |pages= 98-108 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9003463 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Dransfield DT, Bradford AJ, Smith J, Martin M, Roy C, Mangeat PH, Goldenring JR | title = Ezrin is a cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase anchoring protein | journal = The EMBO Journal | volume = 16 | issue = 1 | pages = 35–43 | date = Jan 1997 | pmid = 9009265 | pmc = 1169611 | doi = 10.1093/emboj/16.1.35 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Dransfield DT, Bradford AJ, Smith J, ''et al.'' |title=Ezrin is a cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase anchoring protein. |journal=EMBO J. |volume=16 |issue= 1 |pages= 35-43 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9009265 |doi= 10.1093/emboj/16.1.35 }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}
 
{{PDB Gallery|geneid=5576}}
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Latest revision as of 18:41, 7 September 2017

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Identifiers
Aliases
External IDsGeneCards: [1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

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Ensembl

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UniProt

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RefSeq (mRNA)

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RefSeq (protein)

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Location (UCSC)n/an/a
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View/Edit Human

cAMP-dependent protein kinase type II-alpha regulatory subunit is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PRKAR2A gene.[1]

Function

cAMP is a signaling molecule important for a variety of cellular functions. cAMP exerts its effects by activating the cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase, more commonly called Protein Kinase A (PKA), which transduces the signal through phosphorylation of different target proteins. The inactive holoenzyme of PKA is a tetramer composed of two regulatory and two catalytic subunits. cAMP causes the dissociation of the inactive holoenzyme into a dimer of regulatory subunits bound to four cAMP and two free monomeric catalytic subunits. Four different regulatory subunits and three catalytic subunits of PKA have been identified in humans. The protein encoded by this gene is one of the regulatory subunits. This subunit can be phosphorylated by the activated catalytic subunit. It may interact with various A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) and determine the subcellular localization of PKA. This subunit has been shown to regulate protein transport from endosomes to the Golgi apparatus and further to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).[2]

Interactions

PRKAR2A has been shown to interact with:

See also

References

  1. ↑ Taskén K, Naylor SL, Solberg R, Jahnsen T (Jun 1998). "Mapping of the gene encoding the regulatory subunit RII alpha of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (locus PRKAR2A) to human chromosome region 3p21.3-p21.2". Genomics. 50 (3): 378–81. doi:10.1006/geno.1998.5326. PMID 9676433.
  2. ↑ "Entrez Gene: PRKAR2A protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, regulatory, type II, alpha".
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Alto NM, Soderling SH, Hoshi N, Langeberg LK, Fayos R, Jennings PA, Scott JD (Apr 2003). "Bioinformatic design of A-kinase anchoring protein-in silico: a potent and selective peptide antagonist of type II protein kinase A anchoring". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 100 (8): 4445–50. doi:10.1073/pnas.0330734100. PMC 153575. PMID 12672969.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Tanji C, Yamamoto H, Yorioka N, Kohno N, Kikuchi K, Kikuchi A (Oct 2002). "A-kinase anchoring protein AKAP220 binds to glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta ) and mediates protein kinase A-dependent inhibition of GSK-3beta". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (40): 36955–61. doi:10.1074/jbc.M206210200. PMID 12147701.
  5. ↑ Lester LB, Coghlan VM, Nauert B, Scott JD (Apr 1996). "Cloning and characterization of a novel A-kinase anchoring protein. AKAP 220, association with testicular peroxisomes". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 271 (16): 9460–5. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.16.9460. PMID 8621616.
  6. ↑ Carr DW, Hausken ZE, Fraser ID, Stofko-Hahn RE, Scott JD (Jul 1992). "Association of the type II cAMP-dependent protein kinase with a human thyroid RII-anchoring protein. Cloning and characterization of the RII-binding domain". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 267 (19): 13376–82. PMID 1618839.
  7. ↑ Herberg FW, Maleszka A, Eide T, Vossebein L, Tasken K (Apr 2000). "Analysis of A-kinase anchoring protein (AKAP) interaction with protein kinase A (PKA) regulatory subunits: PKA isoform specificity in AKAP binding". Journal of Molecular Biology. 298 (2): 329–39. doi:10.1006/jmbi.2000.3662. PMID 10764601.
  8. ↑ Kapiloff MS, Schillace RV, Westphal AM, Scott JD (Aug 1999). "mAKAP: an A-kinase anchoring protein targeted to the nuclear membrane of differentiated myocytes". Journal of Cell Science. 112 (16): 2725–36. PMID 10413680.
  9. ↑ Dong F, Feldmesser M, Casadevall A, Rubin CS (Mar 1998). "Molecular characterization of a cDNA that encodes six isoforms of a novel murine A kinase anchor protein". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 273 (11): 6533–41. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.11.6533. PMID 9497389.
  10. ↑ Vijayaraghavan S, Liberty GA, Mohan J, Winfrey VP, Olson GE, Carr DW (May 1999). "Isolation and molecular characterization of AKAP110, a novel, sperm-specific protein kinase A-anchoring protein". Molecular Endocrinology. 13 (5): 705–17. doi:10.1210/mend.13.5.0278. PMID 10319321.
  11. ↑ Carr DW, Fujita A, Stentz CL, Liberty GA, Olson GE, Narumiya S (May 2001). "Identification of sperm-specific proteins that interact with A-kinase anchoring proteins in a manner similar to the type II regulatory subunit of PKA". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 276 (20): 17332–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M011252200. PMID 11278869.
  12. ↑ Eide T, Coghlan V, Orstavik S, Holsve C, Solberg R, Skâlhegg BS, Lamb NJ, Langeberg L, Fernandez A, Scott JD, Jahnsen T, Taskén K (Feb 1998). "Molecular cloning, chromosomal localization, and cell cycle-dependent subcellular distribution of the A-kinase anchoring protein, AKAP95". Experimental Cell Research. 238 (2): 305–16. doi:10.1006/excr.1997.3855. PMID 9473338.
  13. ↑ Collas P, Le Guellec K, Taskén K (Dec 1999). "The A-kinase-anchoring protein AKAP95 is a multivalent protein with a key role in chromatin condensation at mitosis". The Journal of Cell Biology. 147 (6): 1167–80. doi:10.1083/jcb.147.6.1167. PMC 2168084. PMID 10601332.
  14. ↑ Takahashi M, Shibata H, Shimakawa M, Miyamoto M, Mukai H, Ono Y (Jun 1999). "Characterization of a novel giant scaffolding protein, CG-NAP, that anchors multiple signaling enzymes to centrosome and the golgi apparatus". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 274 (24): 17267–74. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.24.17267. PMID 10358086.
  15. ↑ Li H, Adamik R, Pacheco-Rodriguez G, Moss J, Vaughan M (Feb 2003). "Protein kinase A-anchoring (AKAP) domains in brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange protein 2 (BIG2)". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 100 (4): 1627–32. doi:10.1073/pnas.0337678100. PMC 149883. PMID 12571360.
  16. ↑ Schillace RV, Andrews SF, Liberty GA, Davey MP, Carr DW (Feb 2002). "Identification and characterization of myeloid translocation gene 16b as a novel a kinase anchoring protein in T lymphocytes". Journal of Immunology. 168 (4): 1590–9. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.168.4.1590. PMID 11823486.
  17. ↑ Dodge KL, Khouangsathiene S, Kapiloff MS, Mouton R, Hill EV, Houslay MD, Langeberg LK, Scott JD (Apr 2001). "mAKAP assembles a protein kinase A/PDE4 phosphodiesterase cAMP signaling module". The EMBO Journal. 20 (8): 1921–30. doi:10.1093/emboj/20.8.1921. PMC 125429. PMID 11296225.
  18. ↑ Fukuyama T, Sueoka E, Sugio Y, Otsuka T, Niho Y, Akagi K, Kozu T (Sep 2001). "MTG8 proto-oncoprotein interacts with the regulatory subunit of type II cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase in lymphocytes". Oncogene. 20 (43): 6225–32. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1204794. PMID 11593431.

Further reading

  • Cho-Chung YS, Nesterova MV (Nov 2005). "Tumor reversion: protein kinase A isozyme switching". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1058: 76–86. doi:10.1196/annals.1359.014. PMID 16394127.
  • Harrich D, McMillan N, Munoz L, Apolloni A, Meredith L (Dec 2006). "Will diverse Tat interactions lead to novel antiretroviral drug targets?". Current Drug Targets. 7 (12): 1595–606. doi:10.2174/138945006779025338. PMID 17168834.
  • Skålhegg BS, Landmark B, Foss KB, Lohmann SM, Hansson V, Lea T, Jahnsen T (Mar 1992). "Identification, purification, and characterization of subunits of cAMP-dependent protein kinase in human testis. Reverse mobilities of human RII alpha and RII beta on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis compared with rat and bovine RIIs". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 267 (8): 5374–9. PMID 1544918.
  • Carr DW, Hausken ZE, Fraser ID, Stofko-Hahn RE, Scott JD (Jul 1992). "Association of the type II cAMP-dependent protein kinase with a human thyroid RII-anchoring protein. Cloning and characterization of the RII-binding domain". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 267 (19): 13376–82. PMID 1618839.
  • Hofmann B, Nishanian P, Baldwin RL, Insixiengmay P, Nel A, Fahey JL (Dec 1990). "HIV inhibits the early steps of lymphocyte activation, including initiation of inositol phospholipid metabolism". Journal of Immunology. 145 (11): 3699–705. PMID 1978848.
  • Scott JD, Stofko RE, McDonald JR, Comer JD, Vitalis EA, Mangili JA (Dec 1990). "Type II regulatory subunit dimerization determines the subcellular localization of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 265 (35): 21561–6. PMID 2147685.
  • Oyen O, Myklebust F, Scott JD, Hansson V, Jahnsen T (Mar 1989). "Human testis cDNA for the regulatory subunit RII alpha of cAMP-dependent protein kinase encodes an alternate amino-terminal region". FEBS Letters. 246 (1–2): 57–64. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(89)80253-4. PMID 2540040.
  • Obar RA, Dingus J, Bayley H, Vallee RB (Nov 1989). "The RII subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase binds to a common amino-terminal domain in microtubule-associated proteins 2A, 2B, and 2C". Neuron. 3 (5): 639–45. doi:10.1016/0896-6273(89)90274-2. PMID 2561973.
  • Rubino HM, Dammerman M, Shafit-Zagardo B, Erlichman J (Nov 1989). "Localization and characterization of the binding site for the regulatory subunit of type II cAMP-dependent protein kinase on MAP2". Neuron. 3 (5): 631–8. doi:10.1016/0896-6273(89)90273-0. PMID 2701845.
  • Hemmings BA, Aitken A, Cohen P, Rymond M, Hofmann F (Oct 1982). "Phosphorylation of the type-II regulatory subunit of cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase by glycogen synthase kinase 3 and glycogen synthase kinase 5". European Journal of Biochemistry / FEBS. 127 (3): 473–81. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1982.tb06896.x. PMID 6293815.
  • Hofmann B, Nishanian P, Nguyen T, Insixiengmay P, Fahey JL (Jul 1993). "Human immunodeficiency virus proteins induce the inhibitory cAMP/protein kinase A pathway in normal lymphocytes". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 90 (14): 6676–80. doi:10.1073/pnas.90.14.6676. PMC 46995. PMID 7688126.
  • Pariset C, Weinman S (Dec 1994). "Differential localization of two isoforms of the regulatory subunit RII alpha of cAMP-dependent protein kinase in human sperm: biochemical and cytochemical study". Molecular Reproduction and Development. 39 (4): 415–22. doi:10.1002/mrd.1080390410. PMID 7893490.
  • Cheley S, Panchal RG, Carr DW, Scott JD, Bayley H (Jan 1994). "Type II regulatory subunits of cAMP-dependent protein kinase and their binding proteins in the nervous system of Aplysia californica". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 269 (4): 2911–20. PMID 7905481.
  • Hausken ZE, Coghlan VM, Hastings CA, Reimann EM, Scott JD (Sep 1994). "Type II regulatory subunit (RII) of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase interaction with A-kinase anchor proteins requires isoleucines 3 and 5". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 269 (39): 24245–51. PMID 7929081.
  • Hofmann B, Nishanian P, Fan J, Nguyen T, Fahey JL (Jul 1994). "HIV Gag p17 protein impairs proliferation of normal lymphocytes in vitro". AIDS. 8 (7): 1016–7. doi:10.1097/00002030-199407000-00025. PMID 7946090.
  • Beebe SJ, Salomonsky P, Holroyd C, Becker D (Dec 1993). "Differential expression of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase isozymes in normal human melanocytes and malignant melanomas". Cell Growth & Differentiation. 4 (12): 1005–12. PMID 8117614.
  • Coghlan VM, Langeberg LK, Fernandez A, Lamb NJ, Scott JD (Mar 1994). "Cloning and characterization of AKAP 95, a nuclear protein that associates with the regulatory subunit of type II cAMP-dependent protein kinase". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 269 (10): 7658–65. PMID 8125992.
  • Lester LB, Coghlan VM, Nauert B, Scott JD (Apr 1996). "Cloning and characterization of a novel A-kinase anchoring protein. AKAP 220, association with testicular peroxisomes". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 271 (16): 9460–5. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.16.9460. PMID 8621616.
  • Foss KB, Solberg R, Simard J, Myklebust F, Hansson V, Jahnsen T, Taskén K (Jan 1997). "Molecular cloning, upstream sequence and promoter studies of the human gene for the regulatory subunit RII alpha of cAMP-dependent protein kinase". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 1350 (1): 98–108. doi:10.1016/S0167-4781(96)00152-2. PMID 9003463.
  • Dransfield DT, Bradford AJ, Smith J, Martin M, Roy C, Mangeat PH, Goldenring JR (Jan 1997). "Ezrin is a cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase anchoring protein". The EMBO Journal. 16 (1): 35–43. doi:10.1093/emboj/16.1.35. PMC 1169611. PMID 9009265.
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