CRYGS: Difference between revisions
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| | '''Beta-crystallin S''' is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the ''CRYGS'' [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: CRYGS crystallin, gamma S| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=1427| accessdate = }}</ref> | ||
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{{PBB_Summary | {{PBB_Summary | ||
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| summary_text = Crystallins are separated into two classes: taxon-specific, or enzyme, and ubiquitous. The latter class constitutes the major proteins of vertebrate eye lens and maintains the transparency and refractive index of the lens. Since lens central fiber cells lose their nuclei during development, these crystallins are made and then retained throughout life, making them extremely stable proteins. Mammalian lens crystallins are divided into alpha, beta, and gamma families; beta and gamma crystallins are also considered as a superfamily. Alpha and beta families are further divided into acidic and basic groups. Seven protein regions exist in crystallins: four homologous motifs, a connecting peptide, and N- and C-terminal extensions. Gamma-crystallins are a homogeneous group of highly symmetrical, monomeric proteins typically lacking connecting peptides and terminal extensions. They are differentially regulated after early development. This gene encodes a protein initially considered to be a beta-crystallin but the encoded protein is monomeric and has greater sequence similarity to other gamma-crystallins. This gene encodes the most significant gamma-crystallin in adult eye lens tissue. Whether due to aging or mutations in specific genes, gamma-crystallins have been involved in cataract formation.<ref name="entrez" | | summary_text = Crystallins are separated into two classes: taxon-specific, or enzyme, and ubiquitous. The latter class constitutes the major proteins of vertebrate eye lens and maintains the transparency and refractive index of the lens. Since lens central fiber cells lose their nuclei during development, these crystallins are made and then retained throughout life, making them extremely stable proteins. Mammalian lens crystallins are divided into alpha, beta, and gamma families; beta and gamma crystallins are also considered as a superfamily. Alpha and beta families are further divided into acidic and basic groups. Seven protein regions exist in crystallins: four homologous motifs, a connecting peptide, and N- and C-terminal extensions. Gamma-crystallins are a homogeneous group of highly symmetrical, monomeric proteins typically lacking connecting peptides and terminal extensions. They are differentially regulated after early development. This gene encodes a protein initially considered to be a beta-crystallin but the encoded protein is monomeric and has greater sequence similarity to other gamma-crystallins. This gene encodes the most significant gamma-crystallin in adult eye lens tissue. Whether due to aging or mutations in specific genes, gamma-crystallins have been involved in cataract formation.<ref name="entrez" /> | ||
}} | }} | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist| | {{reflist}} | ||
==External links== | |||
* {{UCSC gene info|CRYGS}} | |||
==Further reading== | ==Further reading== | ||
{{refbegin | 2}} | {{refbegin | 2}} | ||
{{PBB_Further_reading | {{PBB_Further_reading | ||
| citations = | | citations = | ||
*{{cite journal | author=Graw J |title=The crystallins: genes, proteins and diseases | *{{cite journal | author=Graw J |title=The crystallins: genes, proteins and diseases |journal=Biol. Chem. |volume=378 |issue= 11 |pages= 1331–48 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9426193 |doi= 10.1515/bchm.1997.378.11.1299}} | ||
*{{cite journal | | *{{cite journal | vauthors=Slingsby C, Clout NJ |title=Structure of the crystallins |journal=Eye (London, England) |volume=13 ( Pt 3b) |issue= |pages= 395–402 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10627816 |doi= 10.1038/eye.1999.113}} | ||
*{{cite journal | | *{{cite journal | vauthors=Zarina S, Abbasi A, Zaidi ZH |title=Primary structure of beta s-crystallin from human lens |journal=Biochem. J. |volume=287 |issue= Pt 2|pages= 375–81 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1445197 |doi= 10.1042/bj2870375| pmc=1133175 }} | ||
*{{cite journal | author=Brakenhoff RH | *{{cite journal | author=Brakenhoff RH |title=Human gamma-crystallin genes. A gene family on its way to extinction |journal=J. Mol. Biol. |volume=216 |issue= 3 |pages= 519–32 |year= 1991 |pmid= 2258929 |doi=10.1016/0022-2836(90)90380-5 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Aarts HJ | author3=Reek FH | display-authors=3 | last4=Lubsen | first4=NH | last5=Schoenmakers | first5=JG }} | ||
*{{cite journal | vauthors=Meakin SO, Du RP, Tsui LC, Breitman ML |title=Gamma-crystallins of the human eye lens: expression analysis of five members of the gene family |journal=Mol. Cell. Biol. |volume=7 |issue= 8 |pages= 2671–9 |year= 1987 |pmid= 3670288 |doi= | pmc=367883 }} | |||
*{{cite journal | | *{{cite journal | author=Smith JB |title=The complete sequence of human lens gamma s-crystallin |journal=Biochem. J. |volume=307 |issue= Pt 2|pages= 407–10 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7733876 |doi= 10.1042/bj3070407| pmc=1136663 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Yang Z | author3=Lin P | display-authors=3 | last4=Zaidi | first4=Z | last5=Abbasi | first5=A | last6=Russell | first6=P }} | ||
*{{cite journal | author= | *{{cite journal | author=Zarina S |title=Three-dimensional model and quaternary structure of the human eye lens protein gamma S-crystallin based on beta- and gamma-crystallin X-ray coordinates and ultracentrifugation |journal=Protein Sci. |volume=3 |issue= 10 |pages= 1840–6 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7849599 |doi=10.1002/pro.5560031023 | pmc=2142617 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Slingsby C | author3=Jaenicke R | display-authors=3 | last4=Srinivasan | first4=N. | last5=Slingsby | first5=C. | last6=Jaenicke | first6=R. }} | ||
*{{cite journal | author=Lampi KJ |title=Sequence analysis of betaA3, betaB3, and betaA4 crystallins completes the identification of the major proteins in young human lens |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=272 |issue= 4 |pages= 2268–75 |year= 1997 |pmid= 8999933 |doi=10.1074/jbc.272.4.2268 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Ma Z | author3=Shih M | display-authors=3 | last4=Shearer | first4=TR | last5=Smith | first5=JB | last6=Smith | first6=DL | last7=David | first7=LL }} | |||
*{{cite journal | author= | *{{cite journal | vauthors=Wistow G, Sardarian L, Gan W, Wyatt MK |title=The human gene for gammaS-crystallin: alternative transcripts and expressed sequences from the first intron |journal=Mol. Vis. |volume=6 |issue= |pages= 79–84 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10837510 |doi= }} | ||
*{{cite journal | author=Purkiss AG |title=The X-ray crystal structure of human gamma S-crystallin C-terminal domain |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=277 |issue= 6 |pages= 4199–205 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11706012 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M110083200 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Bateman OA | author3=Goodfellow JM | display-authors=3 | last4=Lubsen | first4=NH | last5=Slingsby | first5=C }} | |||
*{{cite journal | author=MacCoss MJ |title=Shotgun identification of protein modifications from protein complexes and lens tissue |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 12 |pages= 7900–5 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12060738 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.122231399 | pmc=122992 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=McDonald WH | author3=Saraf A | display-authors=3 | last4=Sadygov | first4=R | last5=Clark | first5=JM | last6=Tasto | first6=JJ | last7=Gould | first7=KL | last8=Wolters | first8=D | last9=Washburn | first9=M }} | |||
*{{cite journal | vauthors=Lapko VN, Purkiss AG, Smith DL, Smith JB |title=Deamidation in human gamma S-crystallin from cataractous lenses is influenced by surface exposure |journal=Biochemistry |volume=41 |issue= 27 |pages= 8638–48 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12093281 |doi=10.1021/bi015924t }} | |||
*{{cite journal | | *{{cite journal | vauthors=Lapko VN, Smith DL, Smith JB |title=S-methylated cysteines in human lens gamma S-crystallins |journal=Biochemistry |volume=41 |issue= 50 |pages= 14645–51 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12475213 |doi=10.1021/bi0267700 }} | ||
*{{cite journal | author= | *{{cite journal | author=Strausberg RL |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899–903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 | pmc=139241 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Feingold EA | author3=Grouse LH | display-authors=3 | last4=Derge | first4=JG | last5=Klausner | first5=RD | last6=Collins | first6=FS | last7=Wagner | first7=L | last8=Shenmen | first8=CM | last9=Schuler | first9=GD }} | ||
*{{cite journal | vauthors=Annunziata O, Ogun O, Benedek GB |title=Observation of liquid–liquid phase separation for eye lens γS-crystallin |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=100 |issue= 3 |pages= 970–4 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12529503 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242746499 | pmc=298710 }} | |||
*{{cite journal | author= | *{{cite journal | vauthors=Craghill J, Cronshaw AD, Harding JJ |title=The identification of a reaction site of glutathione mixed-disulphide formation on gammaS-crystallin in human lens |journal=Biochem. J. |volume=379 |issue= Pt 3 |pages= 595–600 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14763903 |doi= 10.1042/BJ20031367 | pmc=1224128 }} | ||
*{{cite journal | author=Gerhard DS |title=The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 10B |pages= 2121–7 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15489334 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2596504 | pmc=528928 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Wagner L | author3=Feingold EA | display-authors=3 | last4=Shenmen | first4=CM | last5=Grouse | first5=LH | last6=Schuler | first6=G | last7=Klein | first7=SL | last8=Old | first8=S | last9=Rasooly | first9=R }} | |||
*{{cite journal | author=Sun H |title=Gamma-S crystallin gene (CRYGS) mutation causes dominant progressive cortical cataract in humans |journal=J. Med. Genet. |volume=42 |issue= 9 |pages= 706–10 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16141006 |doi= 10.1136/jmg.2004.028274 | pmc=1736139 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Ma Z | author3=Li Y | display-authors=3 | last4=Liu | first4=B | last5=Li | first5=Z | last6=Ding | first6=X | last7=Gao | first7=Y | last8=Ma | first8=W | last9=Tang | first9=X }} | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{refend}} | {{refend}} | ||
{{PDB Gallery|geneid=1427}} | |||
{{Eye proteins}} | |||
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Revision as of 10:05, 30 August 2017
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External IDs | GeneCards: [1] | ||||||
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Species | Human | Mouse | |||||
Entrez |
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Ensembl |
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UniProt |
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RefSeq (mRNA) |
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RefSeq (protein) |
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Location (UCSC) | n/a | n/a | |||||
PubMed search | n/a | n/a | |||||
Wikidata | |||||||
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Beta-crystallin S is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CRYGS gene.[1]
Crystallins are separated into two classes: taxon-specific, or enzyme, and ubiquitous. The latter class constitutes the major proteins of vertebrate eye lens and maintains the transparency and refractive index of the lens. Since lens central fiber cells lose their nuclei during development, these crystallins are made and then retained throughout life, making them extremely stable proteins. Mammalian lens crystallins are divided into alpha, beta, and gamma families; beta and gamma crystallins are also considered as a superfamily. Alpha and beta families are further divided into acidic and basic groups. Seven protein regions exist in crystallins: four homologous motifs, a connecting peptide, and N- and C-terminal extensions. Gamma-crystallins are a homogeneous group of highly symmetrical, monomeric proteins typically lacking connecting peptides and terminal extensions. They are differentially regulated after early development. This gene encodes a protein initially considered to be a beta-crystallin but the encoded protein is monomeric and has greater sequence similarity to other gamma-crystallins. This gene encodes the most significant gamma-crystallin in adult eye lens tissue. Whether due to aging or mutations in specific genes, gamma-crystallins have been involved in cataract formation.[1]
References
External links
- Human CRYGS genome location and CRYGS gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.
Further reading
- Graw J (1998). "The crystallins: genes, proteins and diseases". Biol. Chem. 378 (11): 1331–48. doi:10.1515/bchm.1997.378.11.1299. PMID 9426193.
- Slingsby C, Clout NJ (2000). "Structure of the crystallins". Eye (London, England). 13 ( Pt 3b): 395–402. doi:10.1038/eye.1999.113. PMID 10627816.
- Zarina S, Abbasi A, Zaidi ZH (1992). "Primary structure of beta s-crystallin from human lens". Biochem. J. 287 (Pt 2): 375–81. doi:10.1042/bj2870375. PMC 1133175. PMID 1445197.
- Brakenhoff RH, Aarts HJ, Reek FH, et al. (1991). "Human gamma-crystallin genes. A gene family on its way to extinction". J. Mol. Biol. 216 (3): 519–32. doi:10.1016/0022-2836(90)90380-5. PMID 2258929.
- Meakin SO, Du RP, Tsui LC, Breitman ML (1987). "Gamma-crystallins of the human eye lens: expression analysis of five members of the gene family". Mol. Cell. Biol. 7 (8): 2671–9. PMC 367883. PMID 3670288.
- Smith JB, Yang Z, Lin P, et al. (1995). "The complete sequence of human lens gamma s-crystallin". Biochem. J. 307 (Pt 2): 407–10. doi:10.1042/bj3070407. PMC 1136663. PMID 7733876.
- Zarina S, Slingsby C, Jaenicke R, et al. (1995). "Three-dimensional model and quaternary structure of the human eye lens protein gamma S-crystallin based on beta- and gamma-crystallin X-ray coordinates and ultracentrifugation". Protein Sci. 3 (10): 1840–6. doi:10.1002/pro.5560031023. PMC 2142617. PMID 7849599.
- Lampi KJ, Ma Z, Shih M, et al. (1997). "Sequence analysis of betaA3, betaB3, and betaA4 crystallins completes the identification of the major proteins in young human lens". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (4): 2268–75. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.4.2268. PMID 8999933.
- Wistow G, Sardarian L, Gan W, Wyatt MK (2000). "The human gene for gammaS-crystallin: alternative transcripts and expressed sequences from the first intron". Mol. Vis. 6: 79–84. PMID 10837510.
- Purkiss AG, Bateman OA, Goodfellow JM, et al. (2002). "The X-ray crystal structure of human gamma S-crystallin C-terminal domain". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (6): 4199–205. doi:10.1074/jbc.M110083200. PMID 11706012.
- MacCoss MJ, McDonald WH, Saraf A, et al. (2002). "Shotgun identification of protein modifications from protein complexes and lens tissue". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (12): 7900–5. doi:10.1073/pnas.122231399. PMC 122992. PMID 12060738.
- Lapko VN, Purkiss AG, Smith DL, Smith JB (2002). "Deamidation in human gamma S-crystallin from cataractous lenses is influenced by surface exposure". Biochemistry. 41 (27): 8638–48. doi:10.1021/bi015924t. PMID 12093281.
- Lapko VN, Smith DL, Smith JB (2003). "S-methylated cysteines in human lens gamma S-crystallins". Biochemistry. 41 (50): 14645–51. doi:10.1021/bi0267700. PMID 12475213.
- Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
- Annunziata O, Ogun O, Benedek GB (2003). "Observation of liquid–liquid phase separation for eye lens γS-crystallin". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100 (3): 970–4. doi:10.1073/pnas.242746499. PMC 298710. PMID 12529503.
- Craghill J, Cronshaw AD, Harding JJ (2004). "The identification of a reaction site of glutathione mixed-disulphide formation on gammaS-crystallin in human lens". Biochem. J. 379 (Pt 3): 595–600. doi:10.1042/BJ20031367. PMC 1224128. PMID 14763903.
- Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334.
- Sun H, Ma Z, Li Y, et al. (2006). "Gamma-S crystallin gene (CRYGS) mutation causes dominant progressive cortical cataract in humans". J. Med. Genet. 42 (9): 706–10. doi:10.1136/jmg.2004.028274. PMC 1736139. PMID 16141006.
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