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{{Infobox_gene}}
{{PBB_Controls
'''Scavenger receptor class B member 1''' (SRB1) also known as '''SR-BI''' is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the ''SCARB1'' [[gene]].<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: SCARB1 Scavenger receptor class B, member 1| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=949| accessdate = }}</ref> SR-BI functions as a receptor for [[high-density lipoprotein]].<ref name="pmid8560269">{{cite journal | vauthors = Acton S, Rigotti A, Landschulz KT, Xu S, Hobbs HH, Krieger M | title = Identification of scavenger receptor SR-BI as a high density lipoprotein receptor | journal = Science | volume = 271 | issue = 5248 | pages = 518–20 | date = January 1996 | pmid = 8560269 | doi = 10.1126/science.271.5248.518 }}</ref>
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
== Function ==
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB =
| Name = Scavenger receptor class B, member 1
| HGNCid = 1664
| Symbol = SCARB1
| AltSymbols =; CD36L1; CLA-1; CLA1; MGC138242; SR-BI; SRB1
| OMIM = 601040
| ECnumber = 
| Homologene = 21132
| MGIid = 893578
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_SCARB1_201819_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_SCARB1_215834_x_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004872 |text = receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005215 |text = transporter activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000299 |text = integral to membrane of membrane fraction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005886 |text = plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005887 |text = integral to plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016020 |text = membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016599 |text = caveolar membrane}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006810 |text = transport}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006915 |text = apoptosis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007155 |text = cell adhesion}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008203 |text = cholesterol metabolic process}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 949
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000073060
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_005496
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_005505
    | Hs_GenLoc_db = 
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 12
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 123828139
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 123914346
    | Hs_Uniprot = Q8WTV0
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 20778
    | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000037936
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_016741
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_058021
    | Mm_GenLoc_db = 
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 5
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 125570084
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 125629861
    | Mm_Uniprot = Q3TZ42
  }}
}}
'''Scavenger receptor class B, member 1''', also known as '''SCARB1''' (sometimes abbraviated to '''SRB1'''), is a human [[gene]].<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: SCARB1 Scavenger receptor class B, member 1| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=949| accessdate = }}</ref>


<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
[[Scavenger receptor (immunology)|Scavenger receptor]] class B, type I ('''SR-BI''') is an [[integral membrane protein]] found in numerous cell types/tissues, including the [[liver]] and [[adrenal]]. It is best known for its role in facilitating the uptake of cholesteryl esters from [[high-density lipoprotein]]s in the liver. This process drives the movement of [[cholesterol]] from peripheral tissues towards the [[liver]], where cholesterol can either be secreted via the bile duct or be used to synthesise steroid hormones.<ref name="pmid14592533">{{cite journal | vauthors = Rhainds D, Brissette L | title = The role of scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) in lipid trafficking. defining the rules for lipid traders | journal = The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology | volume = 36 | issue = 1 | pages = 39–77 | date = January 2004 | pmid = 14592533 | doi =  }}</ref> This movement of [[cholesterol]] is known as [[reverse cholesterol transport]] and is a protective mechanism against the development of [[atherosclerosis]], which is the principal cause of [[heart disease]] and [[stroke]]. 
{{PBB_Summary
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| summary_text =  
}}


==References==
SR-BI is crucial in lipid soluble [[vitamin]] uptake.<ref name="pmid22239457">{{cite journal | vauthors = Valacchi G, Sticozzi C, Lim Y, Pecorelli A | title = Scavenger receptor class B type I: a multifunctional receptor | journal = Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences | volume = 1229 | issue = | pages = E1-7 | date = July 2011 | pmid = 22239457 | doi = 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06205.x }}</ref>
{{reflist|2}}


==Further reading==
In melanocytic cells SCARB1 gene expression may be regulated by the [[microphthalmia-associated transcription factor|MITF]].<ref name="pmid19067971">{{cite journal | vauthors = Hoek KS, Schlegel NC, Eichhoff OM, Widmer DS, Praetorius C, Einarsson SO, Valgeirsdottir S, Bergsteinsdottir K, Schepsky A, Dummer R, Steingrimsson E | title = Novel MITF targets identified using a two-step DNA microarray strategy | journal = Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research | volume = 21 | issue = 6 | pages = 665–76 | date = December 2008 | pmid = 19067971 | doi = 10.1111/j.1755-148X.2008.00505.x }}</ref>
{{refbegin | 2}}
 
{{PBB_Further_reading
== Species distribution ==
| citations =  
 
*{{cite journal | author=Williams DL, Temel RE, Connelly MA |title=Roles of scavenger receptor BI and APO A-I in selective uptake of HDL cholesterol by adrenal cells. |journal=Endocr. Res. |volume=26 |issue= 4 |pages= 639-51 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11196441 |doi= }}
SR-BI has also been identified in the livers of non-mammalian species ([[turtle]], [[goldfish]], [[shark]], [[chicken]], [[frog]], and [[skate (fish)|skate]]), suggesting it emerged early in vertebrate evolutionary history. The turtle also seems to upregulate SB-RI during [[Spawn (biology)#Egg development|egg development]], indicating that cholesterol efflux may be at peak levels during developmental stages.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Duggan AE, Marie RS, Callard IP | title = Expression of SR-BI (Scavenger Receptor Class B Type I) in turtle (Chrysemys picta) tissues and other nonmammalian vertebrates | journal = The Journal of Experimental Zoology | volume = 292 | issue = 5 | pages = 430–4 | date = April 2002 | pmid = 11857477 | doi = 10.1002/jez.10067 }}</ref>
*{{cite journal  | author=Krause BR, Auerbach BJ |title=Reverse cholesterol transport and future pharmacological approaches to the treatment of atherosclerosis. |journal=Current opinion in investigational drugs (London, England : 2000) |volume=2 |issue= 3 |pages= 375-81 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11575708 |doi= }}
 
*{{cite journal  | author=Connelly MA, Williams DL |title=Scavenger receptor BI: a scavenger receptor with a mission to transport high density lipoprotein lipids. |journal=Curr. Opin. Lipidol. |volume=15 |issue= 3 |pages= 287-95 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15166784 |doi= }}
== Clinical significance ==
*{{cite journal  | author=Phillips RW |title=The new era in restorative dental materials. |journal=Oper Dent |volume=1 |issue= 1 |pages= 29-35 |year= 1978 |pmid= 1076467 |doi=  }}
 
*{{cite journal | author=Skre H, Berg K |title=Cerebellar ataxia and total albinism: a kindred suggesting pleitotropism or linkage. |journal=Clin. Genet. |volume=5 |issue= 3 |pages= 196-204 |year= 1974 |pmid= 4838888 |doi= }}
SCARB1 along with [[CD81]] is the receptor for the entry of the [[Hepatitis C virus]] into liver cells.<ref name="pmid17050612">{{cite journal | vauthors = Kapadia SB, Barth H, Baumert T, McKeating JA, Chisari FV | title = Initiation of hepatitis C virus infection is dependent on cholesterol and cooperativity between CD81 and scavenger receptor B type I | journal = Journal of Virology | volume = 81 | issue = 1 | pages = 374–83 | date = January 2007 | pmid = 17050612 | pmc = 1797271 | doi = 10.1128/JVI.01134-06 }}</ref>
*{{cite journal | author=Calvo D, Dopazo J, Vega MA |title=The CD36, CLA-1 (CD36L1), and LIMPII (CD36L2) gene family: cellular distribution, chromosomal location, and genetic evolution. |journal=Genomics |volume=25 |issue= 1 |pages= 100-6 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7539776 |doi= }}
 
*{{cite journal | author=Calvo D, Vega MA |title=Identification, primary structure, and distribution of CLA-1, a novel member of the CD36/LIMPII gene family. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=268 |issue= 25 |pages= 18929-35 |year= 1993 |pmid= 7689561 |doi= }}
== Preclinical research ==
*{{cite journal  | author=Murao K, Terpstra V, Green SR, ''et al.'' |title=Characterization of CLA-1, a human homologue of rodent scavenger receptor BI, as a receptor for high density lipoprotein and apoptotic thymocytes. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=272 |issue= 28 |pages= 17551-7 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9211901 |doi= }}
 
*{{cite journal | author=Ikemoto M, Arai H, Feng D, ''et al.'' |title=Identification of a PDZ-domain-containing protein that interacts with the scavenger receptor class B type I. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=97 |issue= 12 |pages= 6538-43 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10829064 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.100114397 }}
Although malignant tumors are known to display extreme [[heterogeneity]], overexpression of SR-B1 is a relatively consistent marker in cancerous tissues. While SR-B1 normally mediates the transfer of cholesterol between [[high-density lipoprotein]]s (HDL) and healthy cells, it also facilitates the selective uptake of cholesterol by malignant cells.  In this way, upregulation of the SR-B1 receptor becomes an enabling factor for self-sufficient [[Cell proliferation|proliferation]] in cancerous tissue.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Mooberry LK, Sabnis NA, Panchoo M, Nagarajan B, Lacko AG | title = Targeting the SR-B1 Receptor as a Gateway for Cancer Therapy and Imaging | journal = Frontiers in Pharmacology | volume = 7 | issue = 466 | pages = 466 | date = December 2016 | pmid = 28018216 | doi = 10.3389/fphar.2016.00466 }}</ref><ref name="pmid27774064">{{cite journal | vauthors = Gutierrez-Pajares JL, Ben Hassen C, Chevalier S, Frank PG | title = SR-BI: Linking Cholesterol and Lipoprotein Metabolism with Breast and Prostate Cancer | journal = Frontiers in Pharmacology | volume = 7 | issue = | pages = 338 | year = 2016 | pmid = 27774064 | pmc = 5054001 | doi = 10.3389/fphar.2016.00338 }}</ref>
*{{cite journal | author=Husemann J, Silverstein SC |title=Expression of scavenger receptor class B, type I, by astrocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells in normal adult mouse and human brain and in Alzheimer's disease brain. |journal=Am. J. Pathol. |volume=158 |issue= 3 |pages= 825-32 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11238031 |doi= }}
 
*{{cite journal | author=Li XA, Titlow WB, Jackson BA, ''et al.'' |title=High density lipoprotein binding to scavenger receptor, Class B, type I activates endothelial nitric-oxide synthase in a ceramide-dependent manner. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=277 |issue= 13 |pages= 11058-63 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11792700 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M110985200 }}
SR-B1 mediated delivery has also been used in the transfection of cancer cells with [[siRNA]], or small interfering RNAs. This therapy causes RNA interference, in which short segments of double stranded RNA acts to silence targeted [[oncogenes]] post-transcription.  SR-B1 mediation reduces siRNA degradation and off-target accumulation while enhancing delivery to targeted tissues. In "metastatic and [[taxane]]-resistant models of ovarian cancer, rHDL-mediated siren delivery improved responses.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Rajora MA, Zheng G | title = Targeting SR-BI for Cancer Diagnostics, Imaging and Therapy | journal = Frontiers in Pharmacology | volume = 7 | issue = Art. 326 | pages = 326 | date = 2016 | pmid = 27729859 | doi = 10.3389/fphar.2016.00326 }}</ref>
*{{cite journal | author=Duncan KG, Bailey KR, Kane JP, Schwartz DM |title=Human retinal pigment epithelial cells express scavenger receptors BI and BII. |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=292 |issue= 4 |pages= 1017-22 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11944916 |doi= 10.1006/bbrc.2002.6756 }}
 
*{{cite journal | author=Kawasaki Y, Nakagawa A, Nagaosa K, ''et al.'' |title=Phosphatidylserine binding of class B scavenger receptor type I, a phagocytosis receptor of testicular sertoli cells. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=277 |issue= 30 |pages= 27559-66 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12016218 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M202879200 }}
==Interactive pathway map==
*{{cite journal | author=Qi C, Chang J, Zhu Y, ''et al.'' |title=Identification of protein arginine methyltransferase 2 as a coactivator for estrogen receptor alpha. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=277 |issue= 32 |pages= 28624-30 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12039952 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M201053200 }}
{{StatinPathway_WP430|highlight=SCARB1}}
*{{cite journal | author=Johnson MS, Svensson PA, Borén J, ''et al.'' |title=Expression of scavenger receptor class B type I in gallbladder columnar epithelium. |journal=J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. |volume=17 |issue= 6 |pages= 713-20 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12100619 |doi= }}
 
*{{cite journal | author=Silver DL |title=A carboxyl-terminal PDZ-interacting domain of scavenger receptor B, type I is essential for cell surface expression in liver. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=277 |issue= 37 |pages= 34042-7 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12119305 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M206584200 }}
== References ==
*{{cite journal | author=Bultel-Brienne S, Lestavel S, Pilon A, ''et al.'' |title=Lipid free apolipoprotein E binds to the class B Type I scavenger receptor I (SR-BI) and enhances cholesteryl ester uptake from lipoproteins. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=277 |issue= 39 |pages= 36092-9 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12138091 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M201943200 }}
{{reflist|33em}}
*{{cite journal | author=Strauss JG, Zimmermann R, Hrzenjak A, ''et al.'' |title=Endothelial cell-derived lipase mediates uptake and binding of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles and the selective uptake of HDL-associated cholesterol esters independent of its enzymic activity. |journal=Biochem. J. |volume=368 |issue= Pt 1 |pages= 69-79 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12164779 |doi= 10.1042/BJ20020306 }}
 
}}
== Further reading ==
{{refbegin|33em}}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Williams DL, Temel RE, Connelly MA | title = Roles of scavenger receptor BI and APO A-I in selective uptake of HDL cholesterol by adrenal cells | journal = Endocrine Research | volume = 26 | issue = 4 | pages = 639–51 | date = November 2000 | pmid = 11196441 | doi = 10.3109/07435800009048584 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Krause BR, Auerbach BJ | title = Reverse cholesterol transport and future pharmacological approaches to the treatment of atherosclerosis | journal = Current Opinion in Investigational Drugs | volume = 2 | issue = 3 | pages = 375–81 | date = March 2001 | pmid = 11575708 | doi = }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Connelly MA, Williams DL | title = Scavenger receptor BI: a scavenger receptor with a mission to transport high density lipoprotein lipids | journal = Current Opinion in Lipidology | volume = 15 | issue = 3 | pages = 287–95 | date = June 2004 | pmid = 15166784 | doi = 10.1097/00041433-200406000-00008 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Phillips RW | title = The new era in restorative dental materials | journal = Operative Dentistry | volume = 1 | issue = 1 | pages = 29–35 | year = 1978 | pmid = 1076467 | doi = }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Skre H, Berg K | title = Cerebellar ataxia and total albinism: a kindred suggesting pleitotropism or linkage | journal = Clinical Genetics | volume = 5 | issue = 3 | pages = 196–204 | year = 1974 | pmid = 4838888 | doi = 10.1111/j.1399-0004.1974.tb01682.x }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Calvo D, Dopazo J, Vega MA | title = The CD36, CLA-1 (CD36L1), and LIMPII (CD36L2) gene family: cellular distribution, chromosomal location, and genetic evolution | journal = Genomics | volume = 25 | issue = 1 | pages = 100–6 | date = January 1995 | pmid = 7539776 | doi = 10.1016/0888-7543(95)80114-2 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Calvo D, Vega MA | title = Identification, primary structure, and distribution of CLA-1, a novel member of the CD36/LIMPII gene family | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 268 | issue = 25 | pages = 18929–35 | date = September 1993 | pmid = 7689561 | doi = }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Murao K, Terpstra V, Green SR, Kondratenko N, Steinberg D, Quehenberger O | title = Characterization of CLA-1, a human homologue of rodent scavenger receptor BI, as a receptor for high density lipoprotein and apoptotic thymocytes | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 272 | issue = 28 | pages = 17551–7 | date = July 1997 | pmid = 9211901 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.272.28.17551 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Ikemoto M, Arai H, Feng D, Tanaka K, Aoki J, Dohmae N, Takio K, Adachi H, Tsujimoto M, Inoue K | title = Identification of a PDZ-domain-containing protein that interacts with the scavenger receptor class B type I | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 97 | issue = 12 | pages = 6538–43 | date = June 2000 | pmid = 10829064 | pmc = 18651 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.100114397 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Husemann J, Silverstein SC | title = Expression of scavenger receptor class B, type I, by astrocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells in normal adult mouse and human brain and in Alzheimer's disease brain | journal = The American Journal of Pathology | volume = 158 | issue = 3 | pages = 825–32 | date = March 2001 | pmid = 11238031 | pmc = 1850374 | doi = 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)64030-8 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Li XA, Titlow WB, Jackson BA, Giltiay N, Nikolova-Karakashian M, Uittenbogaard A, Smart EJ | title = High density lipoprotein binding to scavenger receptor, Class B, type I activates endothelial nitric-oxide synthase in a ceramide-dependent manner | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 277 | issue = 13 | pages = 11058–63 | date = March 2002 | pmid = 11792700 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M110985200 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Duncan KG, Bailey KR, Kane JP, Schwartz DM | title = Human retinal pigment epithelial cells express scavenger receptors BI and BII | journal = Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications | volume = 292 | issue = 4 | pages = 1017–22 | date = April 2002 | pmid = 11944916 | doi = 10.1006/bbrc.2002.6756 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Kawasaki Y, Nakagawa A, Nagaosa K, Shiratsuchi A, Nakanishi Y | title = Phosphatidylserine binding of class B scavenger receptor type I, a phagocytosis receptor of testicular sertoli cells | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 277 | issue = 30 | pages = 27559–66 | date = July 2002 | pmid = 12016218 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M202879200 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Qi C, Chang J, Zhu Y, Yeldandi AV, Rao SM, Zhu YJ | title = Identification of protein arginine methyltransferase 2 as a coactivator for estrogen receptor alpha | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 277 | issue = 32 | pages = 28624–30 | date = August 2002 | pmid = 12039952 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M201053200 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Johnson MS, Svensson PA, Borén J, Billig H, Carlsson LM, Carlsson B | title = Expression of scavenger receptor class B type I in gallbladder columnar epithelium | journal = Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology | volume = 17 | issue = 6 | pages = 713–20 | date = June 2002 | pmid = 12100619 | doi = 10.1046/j.1440-1746.2002.02776.x }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Silver DL | title = A carboxyl-terminal PDZ-interacting domain of scavenger receptor B, type I is essential for cell surface expression in liver | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 277 | issue = 37 | pages = 34042–7 | date = September 2002 | pmid = 12119305 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M206584200 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Bultel-Brienne S, Lestavel S, Pilon A, Laffont I, Tailleux A, Fruchart JC, Siest G, Clavey V | title = Lipid free apolipoprotein E binds to the class B Type I scavenger receptor I (SR-BI) and enhances cholesteryl ester uptake from lipoproteins | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 277 | issue = 39 | pages = 36092–9 | date = September 2002 | pmid = 12138091 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M201943200 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Strauss JG, Zimmermann R, Hrzenjak A, Zhou Y, Kratky D, Levak-Frank S, Kostner GM, Zechner R, Frank S | title = Endothelial cell-derived lipase mediates uptake and binding of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles and the selective uptake of HDL-associated cholesterol esters independent of its enzymic activity | journal = The Biochemical Journal | volume = 368 | issue = Pt 1 | pages = 69–79 | date = November 2002 | pmid = 12164779 | pmc = 1222966 | doi = 10.1042/BJ20020306 }}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}


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{{WikiDoc Sources}}
[[Category:Scavenger receptors]]

Revision as of 05:58, 11 September 2017

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Identifiers
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Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Scavenger receptor class B member 1 (SRB1) also known as SR-BI is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SCARB1 gene.[1] SR-BI functions as a receptor for high-density lipoprotein.[2]

Function

Scavenger receptor class B, type I (SR-BI) is an integral membrane protein found in numerous cell types/tissues, including the liver and adrenal. It is best known for its role in facilitating the uptake of cholesteryl esters from high-density lipoproteins in the liver. This process drives the movement of cholesterol from peripheral tissues towards the liver, where cholesterol can either be secreted via the bile duct or be used to synthesise steroid hormones.[3] This movement of cholesterol is known as reverse cholesterol transport and is a protective mechanism against the development of atherosclerosis, which is the principal cause of heart disease and stroke.

SR-BI is crucial in lipid soluble vitamin uptake.[4]

In melanocytic cells SCARB1 gene expression may be regulated by the MITF.[5]

Species distribution

SR-BI has also been identified in the livers of non-mammalian species (turtle, goldfish, shark, chicken, frog, and skate), suggesting it emerged early in vertebrate evolutionary history. The turtle also seems to upregulate SB-RI during egg development, indicating that cholesterol efflux may be at peak levels during developmental stages.[6]

Clinical significance

SCARB1 along with CD81 is the receptor for the entry of the Hepatitis C virus into liver cells.[7]

Preclinical research

Although malignant tumors are known to display extreme heterogeneity, overexpression of SR-B1 is a relatively consistent marker in cancerous tissues. While SR-B1 normally mediates the transfer of cholesterol between high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and healthy cells, it also facilitates the selective uptake of cholesterol by malignant cells. In this way, upregulation of the SR-B1 receptor becomes an enabling factor for self-sufficient proliferation in cancerous tissue.[8][9]

SR-B1 mediated delivery has also been used in the transfection of cancer cells with siRNA, or small interfering RNAs. This therapy causes RNA interference, in which short segments of double stranded RNA acts to silence targeted oncogenes post-transcription. SR-B1 mediation reduces siRNA degradation and off-target accumulation while enhancing delivery to targeted tissues. In "metastatic and taxane-resistant models of ovarian cancer, rHDL-mediated siren delivery improved responses.[10]

Interactive pathway map

Click on genes, proteins and metabolites below to link to respective articles. [§ 1]

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Statin Pathway edit
  1. ↑ The interactive pathway map can be edited at WikiPathways: "Statin_Pathway_WP430".

References

  1. ↑ "Entrez Gene: SCARB1 Scavenger receptor class B, member 1".
  2. ↑ Acton S, Rigotti A, Landschulz KT, Xu S, Hobbs HH, Krieger M (January 1996). "Identification of scavenger receptor SR-BI as a high density lipoprotein receptor". Science. 271 (5248): 518–20. doi:10.1126/science.271.5248.518. PMID 8560269.
  3. ↑ Rhainds D, Brissette L (January 2004). "The role of scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) in lipid trafficking. defining the rules for lipid traders". The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology. 36 (1): 39–77. PMID 14592533.
  4. ↑ Valacchi G, Sticozzi C, Lim Y, Pecorelli A (July 2011). "Scavenger receptor class B type I: a multifunctional receptor". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1229: E1–7. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06205.x. PMID 22239457.
  5. ↑ Hoek KS, Schlegel NC, Eichhoff OM, Widmer DS, Praetorius C, Einarsson SO, Valgeirsdottir S, Bergsteinsdottir K, Schepsky A, Dummer R, Steingrimsson E (December 2008). "Novel MITF targets identified using a two-step DNA microarray strategy". Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research. 21 (6): 665–76. doi:10.1111/j.1755-148X.2008.00505.x. PMID 19067971.
  6. ↑ Duggan AE, Marie RS, Callard IP (April 2002). "Expression of SR-BI (Scavenger Receptor Class B Type I) in turtle (Chrysemys picta) tissues and other nonmammalian vertebrates". The Journal of Experimental Zoology. 292 (5): 430–4. doi:10.1002/jez.10067. PMID 11857477.
  7. ↑ Kapadia SB, Barth H, Baumert T, McKeating JA, Chisari FV (January 2007). "Initiation of hepatitis C virus infection is dependent on cholesterol and cooperativity between CD81 and scavenger receptor B type I". Journal of Virology. 81 (1): 374–83. doi:10.1128/JVI.01134-06. PMC 1797271. PMID 17050612.
  8. ↑ Mooberry LK, Sabnis NA, Panchoo M, Nagarajan B, Lacko AG (December 2016). "Targeting the SR-B1 Receptor as a Gateway for Cancer Therapy and Imaging". Frontiers in Pharmacology. 7 (466): 466. doi:10.3389/fphar.2016.00466. PMID 28018216.
  9. ↑ Gutierrez-Pajares JL, Ben Hassen C, Chevalier S, Frank PG (2016). "SR-BI: Linking Cholesterol and Lipoprotein Metabolism with Breast and Prostate Cancer". Frontiers in Pharmacology. 7: 338. doi:10.3389/fphar.2016.00338. PMC 5054001. PMID 27774064.
  10. ↑ Rajora MA, Zheng G (2016). "Targeting SR-BI for Cancer Diagnostics, Imaging and Therapy". Frontiers in Pharmacology. 7 (Art. 326): 326. doi:10.3389/fphar.2016.00326. PMID 27729859.

Further reading

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