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{{Infobox_gene}}
{{PBB_Controls
'''Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate-dependent Rac exchanger 1 protein''' is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the ''PREX1'' [[gene]].<ref name="pmid11955434">{{cite journal | vauthors = Welch HC, Coadwell WJ, Ellson CD, Ferguson GJ, Andrews SR, Erdjument-Bromage H, Tempst P, Hawkins PT, Stephens LR | title = P-Rex1, a PtdIns(3,4,5)P3- and Gbetagamma-regulated guanine-nucleotide exchange factor for Rac | journal = Cell | volume = 108 | issue = 6 | pages = 809–21 |date=Apr 2002 | pmid = 11955434 | pmc =  | doi =10.1016/S0092-8674(02)00663-3  }}</ref><ref name="pmid15545267">{{cite journal | vauthors = Hill K, Krugmann S, Andrews SR, Coadwell WJ, Finan P, Welch HC, Hawkins PT, Stephens LR | title = Regulation of P-Rex1 by phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate and Gbetagamma subunits | journal = J Biol Chem | volume = 280 | issue = 6 | pages = 4166–73 |date=Feb 2005 | pmid = 15545267 | pmc =  | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M411262200 }}</ref><ref name="pmid16301320">{{cite journal | vauthors = Mayeenuddin LH, Garrison JC | title = Phosphorylation of P-Rex1 by the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase inhibits the phosphatidylinositiol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate and Gbetagamma-mediated regulation of its activity | journal = J Biol Chem | volume = 281 | issue = 4 | pages = 1921–8 |date=Jan 2006 | pmid = 16301320 | pmc = | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M506035200 }}</ref><ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: PREX1 phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate-dependent RAC exchanger 1| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=57580| accessdate = }}</ref>
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
== Function ==
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB =
| Name = Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate-dependent RAC exchanger 1
| HGNCid = 
| Symbol = PREX1
| AltSymbols =; KIAA1415
| OMIM = 606905
| ECnumber = 
| Homologene = 10821
| MGIid = 3040696
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_PREX1_gnf1h08616_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005085 |text = guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005089 |text = Rho guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005100 |text = Rho GTPase activator activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005543 |text = phospholipid binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0019899 |text = enzyme binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005622 |text = intracellular}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005829 |text = cytosol}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005886 |text = plasma membrane}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006801 |text = superoxide metabolic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007242 |text = intracellular signaling cascade}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030041 |text = actin filament polymerization}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0035023 |text = regulation of Rho protein signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042119 |text = neutrophil activation}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 57580
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000124126
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_065871
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_020820
    | Hs_GenLoc_db = 
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 20
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 46674197
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 46877827
    | Hs_Uniprot = Q8TCU6
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 277360
    | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000039621
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = XM_485102
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = XP_485102
    | Mm_GenLoc_db = 
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 2
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 166257550
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 166405037
    | Mm_Uniprot = 
  }}
}}
'''Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate-dependent RAC exchanger 1''', also known as '''PREX1''', is a human [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: PREX1 phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate-dependent RAC exchanger 1| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=57580| accessdate = }}</ref>


<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
The protein encoded by this gene acts as a [[guanine nucleotide exchange factor]] for the RHO family of small GTP-binding proteins (RACs).  It has been shown to bind to and activate [[RAC1]] by exchanging bound [[guanosine diphosphate|GDP]] for free [[guanosine triphosphate|GTP]]. The encoded protein, which is found mainly in the [[cytoplasm]], is activated by phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate and the beta-gamma subunits of [[heterotrimeric G protein]]s.<ref name="entrez"/>
{{PBB_Summary
 
| section_title =
== Clinical significance ==
| summary_text = The protein encoded by this gene acts as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the RHO family of small GTP-binding proteins (RACs).  It has been shown to bind to and activate RAC1 by exchanging bound GDP for free GTP. The encoded protein, which is found mainly in the cytoplasm, is activated by phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate and the beta-gamma subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins.<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: PREX1 phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate-dependent RAC exchanger 1| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=57580| accessdate = }}</ref>
 
}}
The protein has been implicated in the spread of [[melanoma]] skin cancer.<ref name=Lindsay_2011>{{cite journal  |vauthors=Lindsay CR, Lawn S, Campbell AD, etal | title = P-Rex1 is required for efficient melanoblast migration and melanoma metastasis | journal = Nature Communications | year=2011 | volume = 2 | pages = 555 | doi = 10.1038/ncomms1560 | laysummary = http://info.cancerresearchuk.org/news/archive/cancernews/2011-11-22-Protein-linked-to-spread-of-skin-cancer | laysource = Cancer Research UK | pmid=22109529 | pmc=3400057}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist}}
 
==Further reading==
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Nakajima D, Okazaki N, Yamakawa H, etal |title=Construction of expression-ready cDNA clones for KIAA genes: manual curation of 330 KIAA cDNA clones. |journal=DNA Res. |volume=9 |issue= 3 |pages= 99–106 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12168954 |doi=10.1093/dnares/9.3.99 }}
| citations =
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Nagase T, Kikuno R, Ishikawa KI, etal |title=Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. XVI. The complete sequences of 150 new cDNA clones from brain which code for large proteins in vitro. |journal=DNA Res. |volume=7 |issue= 1 |pages= 65–73 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10718198 |doi=10.1093/dnares/7.1.65 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Nakajima D, Okazaki N, Yamakawa H, ''et al.'' |title=Construction of expression-ready cDNA clones for KIAA genes: manual curation of 330 KIAA cDNA clones. |journal=DNA Res. |volume=9 |issue= 3 |pages= 99-106 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12168954 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Wiemann S, Weil B, Wellenreuther R, etal |title=Toward a catalog of human genes and proteins: sequencing and analysis of 500 novel complete protein coding human cDNAs. |journal=Genome Res. |volume=11 |issue= 3 |pages= 422–35 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11230166 |doi= 10.1101/gr.GR1547R  | pmc=311072 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Nagase T, Kikuno R, Ishikawa KI, ''et al.'' |title=Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. XVI. The complete sequences of 150 new cDNA clones from brain which code for large proteins in vitro. |journal=DNA Res. |volume=7 |issue= 1 |pages= 65-73 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10718198 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Fossey SC, Mychaleckyj JC, Pendleton JK, etal |title=A high-resolution 6.0-megabase transcript map of the type 2 diabetes susceptibility region on human chromosome 20. |journal=Genomics |volume=76 |issue= 1–3 |pages= 45–57 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11549316 |doi= 10.1006/geno.2001.6584 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Wiemann S, Weil B, Wellenreuther R, ''et al.'' |title=Toward a catalog of human genes and proteins: sequencing and analysis of 500 novel complete protein coding human cDNAs. |journal=Genome Res. |volume=11 |issue= 3 |pages= 422-35 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11230166 |doi= 10.1101/gr.154701 }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Deloukas P, Matthews LH, Ashurst J, etal |title=The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 20. |journal=Nature |volume=414 |issue= 6866 |pages= 865–71 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11780052 |doi= 10.1038/414865a }}
*{{cite journal | author=Fossey SC, Mychaleckyj JC, Pendleton JK, ''et al.'' |title=A high-resolution 6.0-megabase transcript map of the type 2 diabetes susceptibility region on human chromosome 20. |journal=Genomics |volume=76 |issue= 1-3 |pages= 45-57 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11549316 |doi= 10.1006/geno.2001.6584 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Weiner OD |title=Rac activation: P-Rex1 - a convergence point for PIP(3) and Gbetagamma? |journal=Curr. Biol. |volume=12 |issue= 12 |pages= R429–31 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12123595 |doi=10.1016/S0960-9822(02)00917-X  | pmc=2819105 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Deloukas P, Matthews LH, Ashurst J, ''et al.'' |title=The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 20. |journal=Nature |volume=414 |issue= 6866 |pages= 865-71 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11780052 |doi= 10.1038/414865a }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, etal |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899–903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 | pmc=139241 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Welch HC, Coadwell WJ, Ellson CD, ''et al.'' |title=P-Rex1, a PtdIns(3,4,5)P3- and Gbetagamma-regulated guanine-nucleotide exchange factor for Rac. |journal=Cell |volume=108 |issue= 6 |pages= 809-21 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11955434 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, etal |title=Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=36 |issue= 1 |pages= 40–5 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14702039 |doi= 10.1038/ng1285 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Weiner OD |title=Rac activation: P-Rex1 - a convergence point for PIP(3) and Gbetagamma? |journal=Curr. Biol. |volume=12 |issue= 12 |pages= R429-31 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12123595 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, etal |title=The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 10B |pages= 2121–7 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15489334 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2596504  | pmc=528928 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, ''et al.'' |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899-903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Zhao T, Nalbant P, Hoshino M, etal |title=Signaling requirements for translocation of P-Rex1, a key Rac2 exchange factor involved in chemoattractant-stimulated human neutrophil function. |journal=J. Leukoc. Biol. |volume=81 |issue= 4 |pages= 1127–36 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17227822 |doi= 10.1189/jlb.0406251 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, ''et al.'' |title=Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=36 |issue= 1 |pages= 40-5 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14702039 |doi= 10.1038/ng1285 }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Ewing RM, Chu P, Elisma F, etal |title=Large-scale mapping of human protein-protein interactions by mass spectrometry. |journal=Mol. Syst. Biol. |volume=3 |issue=  1|pages= 89 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17353931 |doi= 10.1038/msb4100134 | pmc=1847948 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, ''et al.'' |title=The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 10B |pages= 2121-7 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15489334 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2596504 }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Hernández-Negrete I, Carretero-Ortega J, Rosenfeldt H, etal |title=P-Rex1 links mammalian target of rapamycin signaling to Rac activation and cell migration. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=282 |issue= 32 |pages= 23708–15 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17565979 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M703771200 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Hill K, Krugmann S, Andrews SR, ''et al.'' |title=Regulation of P-Rex1 by phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate and Gbetagamma subunits. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=280 |issue= 6 |pages= 4166-73 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15545267 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M411262200 }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Barber MA, Donald S, Thelen S, etal |title=Membrane translocation of P-Rex1 is mediated by G protein betagamma subunits and phosphoinositide 3-kinase. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=282 |issue= 41 |pages= 29967–76 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17698854 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M701877200 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Mayeenuddin LH, Garrison JC |title=Phosphorylation of P-Rex1 by the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase inhibits the phosphatidylinositiol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate and Gbetagamma-mediated regulation of its activity. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=281 |issue= 4 |pages= 1921-8 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16301320 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M506035200 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Zhao T, Nalbant P, Hoshino M, ''et al.'' |title=Signaling requirements for translocation of P-Rex1, a key Rac2 exchange factor involved in chemoattractant-stimulated human neutrophil function. |journal=J. Leukoc. Biol. |volume=81 |issue= 4 |pages= 1127-36 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17227822 |doi= 10.1189/jlb.0406251 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Ewing RM, Chu P, Elisma F, ''et al.'' |title=Large-scale mapping of human protein-protein interactions by mass spectrometry. |journal=Mol. Syst. Biol. |volume=3 |issue=  |pages= 89 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17353931 |doi= 10.1038/msb4100134 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Hernández-Negrete I, Carretero-Ortega J, Rosenfeldt H, ''et al.'' |title=P-Rex1 links mammalian target of rapamycin signaling to Rac activation and cell migration. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=282 |issue= 32 |pages= 23708-15 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17565979 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M703771200 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Barber MA, Donald S, Thelen S, ''et al.'' |title=Membrane translocation of P-Rex1 is mediated by G protein betagamma subunits and phosphoinositide 3-kinase. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=282 |issue= 41 |pages= 29967-76 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17698854 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M701877200 }}
}}
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{{refend}}


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Latest revision as of 18:39, 7 September 2017

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Identifiers
Aliases
External IDsGeneCards: [1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

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Ensembl

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UniProt

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RefSeq (mRNA)

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RefSeq (protein)

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Location (UCSC)n/an/a
PubMed searchn/an/a
Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate-dependent Rac exchanger 1 protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PREX1 gene.[1][2][3][4]

Function

The protein encoded by this gene acts as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the RHO family of small GTP-binding proteins (RACs). It has been shown to bind to and activate RAC1 by exchanging bound GDP for free GTP. The encoded protein, which is found mainly in the cytoplasm, is activated by phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate and the beta-gamma subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins.[4]

Clinical significance

The protein has been implicated in the spread of melanoma skin cancer.[5]

References

  1. ↑ Welch HC, Coadwell WJ, Ellson CD, Ferguson GJ, Andrews SR, Erdjument-Bromage H, Tempst P, Hawkins PT, Stephens LR (Apr 2002). "P-Rex1, a PtdIns(3,4,5)P3- and Gbetagamma-regulated guanine-nucleotide exchange factor for Rac". Cell. 108 (6): 809–21. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(02)00663-3. PMID 11955434.
  2. ↑ Hill K, Krugmann S, Andrews SR, Coadwell WJ, Finan P, Welch HC, Hawkins PT, Stephens LR (Feb 2005). "Regulation of P-Rex1 by phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate and Gbetagamma subunits". J Biol Chem. 280 (6): 4166–73. doi:10.1074/jbc.M411262200. PMID 15545267.
  3. ↑ Mayeenuddin LH, Garrison JC (Jan 2006). "Phosphorylation of P-Rex1 by the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase inhibits the phosphatidylinositiol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate and Gbetagamma-mediated regulation of its activity". J Biol Chem. 281 (4): 1921–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M506035200. PMID 16301320.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Entrez Gene: PREX1 phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate-dependent RAC exchanger 1".
  5. ↑ Lindsay CR, Lawn S, Campbell AD, et al. (2011). "P-Rex1 is required for efficient melanoblast migration and melanoma metastasis". Nature Communications. 2: 555. doi:10.1038/ncomms1560. PMC 3400057. PMID 22109529. Lay summary – Cancer Research UK.

Further reading


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