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{{Infobox_gene}}
{{PBB_Controls
'''A-kinase anchor protein 12''' is an [[enzyme]] that in humans is encoded by the ''AKAP12'' [[gene]].<ref name="pmid9000000">{{cite journal | vauthors = Nauert JB, Klauck TM, Langeberg LK, Scott JD | title = Gravin, an autoantigen recognized by serum from myasthenia gravis patients, is a kinase scaffold protein | journal = Curr. Biol. | volume = 7 | issue = 1 | pages = 52–62  | date = Mar 1997 | pmid = 9000000 | pmc =  | doi = 10.1016/S0960-9822(06)00027-3 }}</ref><ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: AKAP12 A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein (gravin) 12| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=9590| accessdate = }}</ref>
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}


<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
== Function ==
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB =
| Name = A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein (gravin) 12
| HGNCid = 370
| Symbol = AKAP12
| AltSymbols =; AKAP250; DKFZp686M0430; DKFZp686O0331
| OMIM = 604698
| ECnumber = 
| Homologene = 3740
| MGIid = 1932576
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_AKAP12_210517_s_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0051018 |text = protein kinase A binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005737 |text = cytoplasm}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006605 |text = protein targeting}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007165 |text = signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007186 |text = G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 9590
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000131016
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_005091
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_005100
    | Hs_GenLoc_db = 
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 6
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 151603202
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 151719601
    | Hs_Uniprot = Q02952
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 83397
    | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000038587
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = XM_987919
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = XP_993013
    | Mm_GenLoc_db = 
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 10
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 5987070
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 6080178
    | Mm_Uniprot = 
  }}
}}
'''A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein (gravin) 12''', also known as '''AKAP12''', is a human [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: AKAP12 A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein (gravin) 12| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=9590| accessdate = }}</ref>


<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
The A-kinase anchor proteins (AKAPs) are a group of structurally diverse proteins, which have the common function of binding to the regulatory subunit of [[protein kinase A]] (PKA) and confining the holoenzyme to discrete locations within the cell. This gene encodes a member of the AKAP family. The encoded protein is expressed in [[endothelial]] cells, cultured [[fibroblast]]s, and [[osteosarcoma]] cells. It associates with [[protein kinase A]] and [[protein kinase C|C]] and [[phosphatase]], and serves as a scaffold protein in [[signal transduction]]. This protein and RII PKA colocalize at the cell periphery. This protein is a cell growth-related protein. Antibodies to this protein can be produced by patients with myasthenia gravis. Alternative splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants encoding different isoforms.<ref name="entrez"/>
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = The A-kinase anchor proteins (AKAPs) are a group of structurally diverse proteins, which have the common function of binding to the regulatory subunit of protein kinase A (PKA) and confining the holoenzyme to discrete locations within the cell. This gene encodes a member of the AKAP family. The encoded protein is expressed in endothelial cells, cultured fibroblasts, and osteosarcoma cells. It associates with protein kinases A and C and phosphatase, and serves as a scaffold protein in signal transduction. This protein and RII PKA colocalize at the cell periphery. This protein is a cell growth-related protein. Antibodies to this protein can be produced by patients with myasthenia gravis. Alternative splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants encoding different isoforms.<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: AKAP12 A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein (gravin) 12| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=9590| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}


==References==
== Interactions ==
{{reflist|2}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal  | author=Lester LB, Scott JD |title=Anchoring and scaffold proteins for kinases and phosphatases. |journal=Recent Prog. Horm. Res. |volume=52 |issue=  |pages= 409-29; discussion 429-30 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9238861 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Michel JJ, Scott JD |title=AKAP mediated signal transduction. |journal=Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. |volume=42 |issue=  |pages= 235-57 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11807172 |doi= 10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.42.083101.135801 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Yildirim M, Paydas S, Tanriverdi K, ''et al.'' |title=Gravin gene expression in acute leukaemias: clinical importance and review of the literature. |journal=Leuk. Lymphoma |volume=48 |issue= 6 |pages= 1167-72 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17577780 |doi= 10.1080/10428190701377055 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Gordon T, Grove B, Loftus JC, ''et al.'' |title=Molecular cloning and preliminary characterization of a novel cytoplasmic antigen recognized by myasthenia gravis sera. |journal=J. Clin. Invest. |volume=90 |issue= 3 |pages= 992-9 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1522245 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Nauert JB, Klauck TM, Langeberg LK, Scott JD |title=Gravin, an autoantigen recognized by serum from myasthenia gravis patients, is a kinase scaffold protein. |journal=Curr. Biol. |volume=7 |issue= 1 |pages= 52-62 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9000000 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Sato N, Kokame K, Shimokado K, ''et al.'' |title=Changes of gene expression by lysophosphatidylcholine in vascular endothelial cells: 12 up-regulated distinct genes including 5 cell growth-related, 3 thrombosis-related, and 4 others. |journal=J. Biochem. |volume=123 |issue= 6 |pages= 1119-26 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9604001 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Shih M, Lin F, Scott JD, ''et al.'' |title=Dynamic complexes of beta2-adrenergic receptors with protein kinases and phosphatases and the role of gravin. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=274 |issue= 3 |pages= 1588-95 |year= 1999 |pmid= 9880537 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Lin F, Wang H, Malbon CC |title=Gravin-mediated formation of signaling complexes in beta 2-adrenergic receptor desensitization and resensitization. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=275 |issue= 25 |pages= 19025-34 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10858453 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Fan  G, Shumay E, Wang  H, Malbon CC |title=The scaffold protein gravin (cAMP-dependent protein kinase-anchoring protein 250) binds the beta 2-adrenergic receptor via the receptor cytoplasmic Arg-329 to Leu-413 domain and provides a mobile scaffold during desensitization. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=276 |issue= 26 |pages= 24005-14 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11309381 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M011199200 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Grove BD, Bruchey AK |title=Intracellular distribution of gravin, a PKA and PKC binding protein, in vascular endothelial cells. |journal=J. Vasc. Res. |volume=38 |issue= 2 |pages= 163-75 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11316952 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Sasaki H, Kunimatsu M, Fujii Y, ''et al.'' |title=Autoantibody to gravin is expressed more strongly in younger and nonthymomatous patients with myasthenia gravis. |journal=Surg. Today |volume=31 |issue= 11 |pages= 1036-7 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11766078 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, ''et al.'' |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899-903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Piontek J, Brandt R |title=Differential and regulated binding of cAMP-dependent protein kinase and protein kinase C isoenzymes to gravin in human model neurons: Evidence that gravin provides a dynamic platform for the localization for kinases during neuronal development. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=278 |issue= 40 |pages= 38970-9 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12857743 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M306749200 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Tao J, Wang HY, Malbon CC |title=Protein kinase A regulates AKAP250 (gravin) scaffold binding to the beta2-adrenergic receptor. |journal=EMBO J. |volume=22 |issue= 24 |pages= 6419-29 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14657015 |doi= 10.1093/emboj/cdg628 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Choi MC, Jong HS, Kim TY, ''et al.'' |title=AKAP12/Gravin is inactivated by epigenetic mechanism in human gastric carcinoma and shows growth suppressor activity. |journal=Oncogene |volume=23 |issue= 42 |pages= 7095-103 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15258566 |doi= 10.1038/sj.onc.1207932 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Ballif BA, Villén J, Beausoleil SA, ''et al.'' |title=Phosphoproteomic analysis of the developing mouse brain. |journal=Mol. Cell Proteomics |volume=3 |issue= 11 |pages= 1093-101 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15345747 |doi= 10.1074/mcp.M400085-MCP200 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Streb JW, Miano JM |title=AKAP12alpha, an atypical serum response factor-dependent target gene. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=280 |issue= 6 |pages= 4125-34 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15590635 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M412466200 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Streb JW, Miano JM |title=Cross-species sequence analysis reveals multiple charged residue-rich domains that regulate nuclear/cytoplasmic partitioning and membrane localization of a kinase anchoring protein 12 (SSeCKS/Gravin). |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=280 |issue= 30 |pages= 28007-14 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15923193 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M414017200 }}
}}
{{refend}}


{{protein-stub}}
AKAP12 has been shown to [[Protein-protein interaction|interact]] with [[Beta-2 adrenergic receptor]].<ref name = pmid11309381>{{cite journal | vauthors = Fan G, Shumay E, Wang H, Malbon CC | title = The scaffold protein gravin (cAMP-dependent protein kinase-anchoring protein 250) binds the beta 2-adrenergic receptor via the receptor cytoplasmic Arg-329 to Leu-413 domain and provides a mobile scaffold during desensitization | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 276 | issue = 26 | pages = 24005–14  | date = Jun 2001 | pmid = 11309381 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M011199200 }}</ref><ref name = pmid9880537>{{cite journal | vauthors = Shih M, Lin F, Scott JD, Wang HY, Malbon CC | title = Dynamic complexes of beta2-adrenergic receptors with protein kinases and phosphatases and the role of gravin | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 274 | issue = 3 | pages = 1588–95  | date = Jan 1999 | pmid = 9880537 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.274.3.1588 }}</ref>
{{WikiDoc Sources}}
 
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
 
==External links==
* {{UCSC gene info|AKAP12}}
 
== Further reading ==
{{Refbegin | 2}}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Lester LB, Scott JD | title = Anchoring and scaffold proteins for kinases and phosphatases | journal = Recent Prog. Horm. Res. | volume = 52 | issue =  | pages = 409-29; discussion 429-30 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9238861 | doi =  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Michel JJ, Scott JD | title = AKAP mediated signal transduction | journal = Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. | volume = 42 | issue =  | pages = 235–57 | year = 2002 | pmid = 11807172 | doi = 10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.42.083101.135801 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Yildirim M, Paydas S, Tanriverdi K, Seydaoglu G, Disel U, Yavuz S | title = Gravin gene expression in acute leukaemias: clinical importance and review of the literature | journal = Leuk. Lymphoma | volume = 48 | issue = 6 | pages = 1167–72 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17577780 | doi = 10.1080/10428190701377055 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Gordon T, Grove B, Loftus JC, O'Toole T, McMillan R, Lindstrom J, Ginsberg MH | title = Molecular cloning and preliminary characterization of a novel cytoplasmic antigen recognized by myasthenia gravis sera | journal = J. Clin. Invest. | volume = 90 | issue = 3 | pages = 992–9 | year = 1992 | pmid = 1522245 | pmc = 329955 | doi = 10.1172/JCI115976 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Sato N, Kokame K, Shimokado K, Kato H, Miyata T | title = Changes of gene expression by lysophosphatidylcholine in vascular endothelial cells: 12 up-regulated distinct genes including 5 cell growth-related, 3 thrombosis-related, and 4 others | journal = J. Biochem. | volume = 123 | issue = 6 | pages = 1119–26 | year = 1998 | pmid = 9604001 | doi = 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a022051 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Shih M, Lin F, Scott JD, Wang HY, Malbon CC | title = Dynamic complexes of beta2-adrenergic receptors with protein kinases and phosphatases and the role of gravin | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 274 | issue = 3 | pages = 1588–95 | year = 1999 | pmid = 9880537 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.274.3.1588 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Lin F, ((Wang Hy)), Malbon CC | title = Gravin-mediated formation of signaling complexes in beta 2-adrenergic receptor desensitization and resensitization | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 275 | issue = 25 | pages = 19025–34 | year = 2000 | pmid = 10858453 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.275.25.19025 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Fan G, Shumay E, Wang H, Malbon CC | title = The scaffold protein gravin (cAMP-dependent protein kinase-anchoring protein 250) binds the beta 2-adrenergic receptor via the receptor cytoplasmic Arg-329 to Leu-413 domain and provides a mobile scaffold during desensitization | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 276 | issue = 26 | pages = 24005–14 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11309381 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M011199200 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Grove BD, Bruchey AK | title = Intracellular distribution of gravin, a PKA and PKC binding protein, in vascular endothelial cells | journal = J. Vasc. Res. | volume = 38 | issue = 2 | pages = 163–75 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11316952 | doi = 10.1159/000051043 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Sasaki H, Kunimatsu M, Fujii Y, Yamakawa Y, Fukai I, Kiriyama M, Nonaka M, Sasaki M | title = Autoantibody to gravin is expressed more strongly in younger and nonthymomatous patients with myasthenia gravis | journal = Surg. Today | volume = 31 | issue = 11 | pages = 1036–7 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11766078 | doi = 10.1007/s005950170020 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Piontek J, Brandt R | title = Differential and regulated binding of cAMP-dependent protein kinase and protein kinase C isoenzymes to gravin in human model neurons: Evidence that gravin provides a dynamic platform for the localization for kinases during neuronal development | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 278 | issue = 40 | pages = 38970–9 | year = 2003 | pmid = 12857743 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M306749200 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Tao J, Wang HY, Malbon CC | title = Protein kinase A regulates AKAP250 (gravin) scaffold binding to the beta2-adrenergic receptor | journal = EMBO J. | volume = 22 | issue = 24 | pages = 6419–29 | year = 2003 | pmid = 14657015 | pmc = 291823 | doi = 10.1093/emboj/cdg628 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Choi MC, Jong HS, Kim TY, Song SH, Lee DS, Lee JW, Kim TY, Kim NK, Bang YJ | title = AKAP12/Gravin is inactivated by epigenetic mechanism in human gastric carcinoma and shows growth suppressor activity | journal = Oncogene | volume = 23 | issue = 42 | pages = 7095–103 | year = 2004 | pmid = 15258566 | doi = 10.1038/sj.onc.1207932 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Ballif BA, Villén J, Beausoleil SA, Schwartz D, Gygi SP | title = Phosphoproteomic analysis of the developing mouse brain | journal = Mol. Cell. Proteomics | volume = 3 | issue = 11 | pages = 1093–101 | year = 2004 | pmid = 15345747 | doi = 10.1074/mcp.M400085-MCP200 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Streb JW, Miano JM | title = AKAP12alpha, an atypical serum response factor-dependent target gene | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 280 | issue = 6 | pages = 4125–34 | year = 2005 | pmid = 15590635 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M412466200 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Streb JW, Miano JM | title = Cross-species sequence analysis reveals multiple charged residue-rich domains that regulate nuclear/cytoplasmic partitioning and membrane localization of a kinase anchoring protein 12 (SSeCKS/Gravin) | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 280 | issue = 30 | pages = 28007–14 | year = 2005 | pmid = 15923193 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M414017200 }}
{{Refend}}
 
[[Category:A-kinase-anchoring proteins]]
 
 
{{Gene-6-stub}}

Revision as of 02:03, 27 October 2017

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Identifiers
Aliases
External IDsGeneCards: [1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

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Ensembl

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UniProt

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RefSeq (mRNA)

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RefSeq (protein)

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Location (UCSC)n/an/a
PubMed searchn/an/a
Wikidata
View/Edit Human

A-kinase anchor protein 12 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the AKAP12 gene.[1][2]

Function

The A-kinase anchor proteins (AKAPs) are a group of structurally diverse proteins, which have the common function of binding to the regulatory subunit of protein kinase A (PKA) and confining the holoenzyme to discrete locations within the cell. This gene encodes a member of the AKAP family. The encoded protein is expressed in endothelial cells, cultured fibroblasts, and osteosarcoma cells. It associates with protein kinase A and C and phosphatase, and serves as a scaffold protein in signal transduction. This protein and RII PKA colocalize at the cell periphery. This protein is a cell growth-related protein. Antibodies to this protein can be produced by patients with myasthenia gravis. Alternative splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants encoding different isoforms.[2]

Interactions

AKAP12 has been shown to interact with Beta-2 adrenergic receptor.[3][4]

References

  1. ↑ Nauert JB, Klauck TM, Langeberg LK, Scott JD (Mar 1997). "Gravin, an autoantigen recognized by serum from myasthenia gravis patients, is a kinase scaffold protein". Curr. Biol. 7 (1): 52–62. doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(06)00027-3. PMID 9000000.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Entrez Gene: AKAP12 A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein (gravin) 12".
  3. ↑ Fan G, Shumay E, Wang H, Malbon CC (Jun 2001). "The scaffold protein gravin (cAMP-dependent protein kinase-anchoring protein 250) binds the beta 2-adrenergic receptor via the receptor cytoplasmic Arg-329 to Leu-413 domain and provides a mobile scaffold during desensitization". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (26): 24005–14. doi:10.1074/jbc.M011199200. PMID 11309381.
  4. ↑ Shih M, Lin F, Scott JD, Wang HY, Malbon CC (Jan 1999). "Dynamic complexes of beta2-adrenergic receptors with protein kinases and phosphatases and the role of gravin". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (3): 1588–95. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.3.1588. PMID 9880537.

External links

Further reading


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