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{{Underlinked|date=May 2016}}
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{{Infobox_gene}}
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'''Butyrophilin-like protein 2''' is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the ''BTNL2'' [[gene]].<ref name="pmid10803852">{{cite journal | vauthors = Stammers M, Rowen L, Rhodes D, Trowsdale J, Beck S | title = BTL-II: a polymorphic locus with homology to the butyrophilin gene family, located at the border of the major histocompatibility complex class II and class III regions in human and mouse | journal = Immunogenetics | volume = 51 | issue = 4–5 | pages = 373–82 |date=May 2000 | pmid = 10803852 | pmc =  | doi =10.1007/s002510050633  }}</ref><ref name="pmid15735647">{{cite journal | vauthors = Valentonyte R, Hampe J, Huse K, Rosenstiel P, Albrecht M, Stenzel A, Nagy M, Gaede KI, Franke A, Haesler R, Koch A, Lengauer T, Seegert D, Reiling N, Ehlers S, Schwinger E, Platzer M, Krawczak M, Muller-Quernheim J, Schurmann M, Schreiber S | title = Sarcoidosis is associated with a truncating splice site mutation in BTNL2 | journal = Nat Genet | volume = 37 | issue = 4 | pages = 357–64 |date=Mar 2005 | pmid = 15735647 | pmc = | doi = 10.1038/ng1519 }}</ref><ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: BTNL2 butyrophilin-like 2 (MHC class II associated)| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=56244| accessdate = }}</ref>
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Because it is associated with the immune system and the [[major histocompatibility complex]], it has been implicated in many diseases (see further reading list below). A large scale study found it to be the protein under the most stringent selection in the human genome in 8 out of 12 geographic regions using the [[HKA test]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Pagani|first1=Luca|last2=Lawson|first2=Daniel John|last3=Jagoda|first3=Evelyn|last4=Mörseburg|first4=Alexander|last5=Eriksson|first5=Anders|last6=Mitt|first6=Mario|last7=Clemente|first7=Florian|last8=Hudjashov|first8=Georgi|last9=DeGiorgio|first9=Michael|last10=Saag|first10=Lauri|last11=Wall|first11=Jeffrey D.|last12=Cardona|first12=Alexia|last13=Mägi|first13=Reedik|last14=Sayres|first14=Melissa A. Wilson|last15=Kaewert|first15=Sarah|last16=Inchley|first16=Charlotte|last17=Scheib|first17=Christiana L.|last18=Järve|first18=Mari|last19=Karmin|first19=Monika|last20=Jacobs|first20=Guy S.|last21=Antao|first21=Tiago|last22=Iliescu|first22=Florin Mircea|last23=Kushniarevich|first23=Alena|last24=Ayub|first24=Qasim|last25=Tyler-Smith|first25=Chris|last26=Xue|first26=Yali|last27=Yunusbayev|first27=Bayazit|last28=Tambets|first28=Kristiina|last29=Mallick|first29=Chandana Basu|last30=Saag|first30=Lehti|last31=Pocheshkhova|first31=Elvira|last32=Andriadze|first32=George|last33=Muller|first33=Craig|last34=Westaway|first34=Michael C.|last35=Lambert|first35=David M.|last36=Zoraqi|first36=Grigor|last37=Turdikulova|first37=Shahlo|last38=Dalimova|first38=Dilbar|last39=Sabitov|first39=Zhaxylyk|last40=Sultana|first40=Gazi Nurun Nahar|last41=Lachance|first41=Joseph|last42=Tishkoff|first42=Sarah|last43=Momynaliev|first43=Kuvat|last44=Isakova|first44=Jainagul|last45=Damba|first45=Larisa D.|last46=Gubina|first46=Marina|last47=Nymadawa|first47=Pagbajabyn|last48=Evseeva|first48=Irina|last49=Atramentova|first49=Lubov|last50=Utevska|first50=Olga|last51=Ricaut|first51=François-Xavier|last52=Brucato|first52=Nicolas|last53=Sudoyo|first53=Herawati|last54=Letellier|first54=Thierry|last55=Cox|first55=Murray P.|last56=Barashkov|first56=Nikolay A.|last57=Škaro|first57=Vedrana|last58=Mulahasanovic´|first58=Lejla|last59=Primorac|first59=Dragan|last60=Sahakyan|first60=Hovhannes|last61=Mormina|first61=Maru|last62=Eichstaedt|first62=Christina A.|last63=Lichman|first63=Daria V.|last64=Abdullah|first64=Syafiq|last65=Chaubey|first65=Gyaneshwer|last66=Wee|first66=Joseph T. S.|last67=Mihailov|first67=Evelin|last68=Karunas|first68=Alexandra|last69=Litvinov|first69=Sergei|last70=Khusainova|first70=Rita|last71=Ekomasova|first71=Natalya|last72=Akhmetova|first72=Vita|last73=Khidiyatova|first73=Irina|last74=Marjanović|first74=Damir|last75=Yepiskoposyan|first75=Levon|last76=Behar|first76=Doron M.|last77=Balanovska|first77=Elena|last78=Metspalu|first78=Andres|last79=Derenko|first79=Miroslava|last80=Malyarchuk|first80=Boris|last81=Voevoda|first81=Mikhail|last82=Fedorova|first82=Sardana A.|last83=Osipova|first83=Ludmila P.|last84=Lahr|first84=Marta Mirazón|last85=Gerbault|first85=Pascale|last86=Leavesley|first86=Matthew|last87=Migliano|first87=Andrea Bamberg|last88=Petraglia|first88=Michael|last89=Balanovsky|first89=Oleg|last90=Khusnutdinova|first90=Elza K.|last91=Metspalu|first91=Ene|last92=Thomas|first92=Mark G.|last93=Manica|first93=Andrea|last94=Nielsen|first94=Rasmus|last95=Villems|first95=Richard|last96=Willerslev|first96=Eske|last97=Kivisild|first97=Toomas|last98=Metspalu|first98=Mait|title=Genomic analyses inform on migration events during the peopling of Eurasia|journal=Nature|date=21 September 2016|volume=538|issue=7624|pages=238–242|doi=10.1038/nature19792}}</ref>
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB =  
| Name = Butyrophilin-like 2 (MHC class II associated)
| HGNCid = 1142
| Symbol = BTNL2
| AltSymbols =; BTL-II; HSBLMHC1
| OMIM = 606000
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 10482
| MGIid = 1859549
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_BTNL2_221457_s_at_tn.png
| Function =  
| Component =  
| Process =  
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 56244
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000204290
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_062548
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_019602
    | Hs_GenLoc_db =
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 6
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 32469724
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 32482878
    | Hs_Uniprot = Q9UIR0
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 547431
    | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000024340
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_079835
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_524574
    | Mm_GenLoc_db =
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 17
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 33962403
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 33977115
    | Mm_Uniprot = O70355
  }}
}}
'''Butyrophilin-like 2 (MHC class II associated)''', also known as '''BTNL2''', is a human [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: BTNL2 butyrophilin-like 2 (MHC class II associated)| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=56244| accessdate = }}</ref>


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==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist}}
 
==External links==
* {{UCSC gene info|BTNL2}}
 
==Further reading==
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading  
{{PBB_Further_reading  
| citations =  
| citations =  
*{{cite journal  | author=Stammers M, Rowen L, Rhodes D, ''et al.'' |title=BTL-II: a polymorphic locus with homology to the butyrophilin gene family, located at the border of the major histocompatibility complex class II and class III regions in human and mouse. |journal=Immunogenetics |volume=51 |issue= 4-5 |pages= 373-82 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10803852 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899–903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 | pmc=139241 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, ''et al.'' |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899-903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Mungall AJ, Palmer SA, Sims SK |title=The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6 |journal=Nature |volume=425 |issue= 6960 |pages= 805–11 |year= 2003 |pmid= 14574404 |doi= 10.1038/nature02055 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Mungall AJ, Palmer SA, Sims SK, ''et al.'' |title=The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6. |journal=Nature |volume=425 |issue= 6960 |pages= 805-11 |year= 2003 |pmid= 14574404 |doi= 10.1038/nature02055 }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Hiller M, Huse K, Szafranski K |title=Widespread occurrence of alternative splicing at NAGNAG acceptors contributes to proteome plasticity |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=36 |issue= 12 |pages= 1255–7 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15516930 |doi= 10.1038/ng1469 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Hiller M, Huse K, Szafranski K, ''et al.'' |title=Widespread occurrence of alternative splicing at NAGNAG acceptors contributes to proteome plasticity. |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=36 |issue= 12 |pages= 1255-7 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15516930 |doi= 10.1038/ng1469 }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Rybicki BA, Walewski JL, Maliarik MJ |title=The BTNL2 gene and sarcoidosis susceptibility in African Americans and Whites |journal=Am. J. Hum. Genet. |volume=77 |issue= 3 |pages= 491–9 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16080124 |doi= 10.1086/444435 | pmc=1226214 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Valentonyte R, Hampe J, Huse K, ''et al.'' |title=Sarcoidosis is associated with a truncating splice site mutation in BTNL2. |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=37 |issue= 4 |pages= 357-64 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15735647 |doi= 10.1038/ng1519 }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Traherne JA, Barcellos LF, Sawcer SJ |title=Association of the truncating splice site mutation in BTNL2 with multiple sclerosis is secondary to HLA-DRB1*15 |journal=Hum. Mol. Genet. |volume=15 |issue= 1 |pages= 155–61 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16321988 |doi= 10.1093/hmg/ddi436 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Rybicki BA, Walewski JL, Maliarik MJ, ''et al.'' |title=The BTNL2 gene and sarcoidosis susceptibility in African Americans and Whites. |journal=Am. J. Hum. Genet. |volume=77 |issue= 3 |pages= 491-9 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16080124 |doi= 10.1086/444435 }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Orozco G, Eerligh P, Sánchez E |title=Analysis of a functional BTNL2 polymorphism in type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus |journal=Hum. Immunol. |volume=66 |issue= 12 |pages= 1235–41 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16690410 |doi= 10.1016/j.humimm.2006.02.003 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Traherne JA, Barcellos LF, Sawcer SJ, ''et al.'' |title=Association of the truncating splice site mutation in BTNL2 with multiple sclerosis is secondary to HLA-DRB1*15. |journal=Hum. Mol. Genet. |volume=15 |issue= 1 |pages= 155-61 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16321988 |doi= 10.1093/hmg/ddi436 }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Campo I, Morbini P, Zorzetto M |title=Expression of receptor for advanced glycation end products in sarcoid granulomas |journal=Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. |volume=175 |issue= 5 |pages= 498–506 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17170388 |doi= 10.1164/rccm.200601-136OC |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Orozco G, Eerligh P, Sánchez E, ''et al.'' |title=Analysis of a functional BTNL2 polymorphism in type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. |journal=Hum. Immunol. |volume=66 |issue= 12 |pages= 1235-41 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16690410 |doi= 10.1016/j.humimm.2006.02.003 }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Arnett HA, Escobar SS, Gonzalez-Suarez E |title=BTNL2, a butyrophilin/B7-like molecule, is a negative costimulatory molecule modulated in intestinal inflammation |journal=J. Immunol. |volume=178 |issue= 3 |pages= 1523–33 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17237401 |doi=  10.4049/jimmunol.178.3.1523|display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Campo I, Morbini P, Zorzetto M, ''et al.'' |title=Expression of receptor for advanced glycation end products in sarcoid granulomas. |journal=Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. |volume=175 |issue= 5 |pages= 498-506 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17170388 |doi= 10.1164/rccm.200601-136OC }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Möller M, Kwiatkowski R, Nebel A |title=Allelic variation in BTNL2 and susceptibility to tuberculosis in a South African population |journal=Microbes Infect. |volume=9 |issue= 4 |pages= 522–8 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17347014 |doi= 10.1016/j.micinf.2007.01.011 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Arnett HA, Escobar SS, Gonzalez-Suarez E, ''et al.'' |title=BTNL2, a butyrophilin/B7-like molecule, is a negative costimulatory molecule modulated in intestinal inflammation. |journal=J. Immunol. |volume=178 |issue= 3 |pages= 1523-33 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17237401 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Johnson CM, Traherne JA, Jamieson SE |title=Analysis of the BTNL2 truncating splice site mutation in tuberculosis, leprosy and Crohn's disease |journal=Tissue Antigens |volume=69 |issue= 3 |pages= 236–41 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17493147 |doi= 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2006.00795.x |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Möller M, Kwiatkowski R, Nebel A, ''et al.'' |title=Allelic variation in BTNL2 and susceptibility to tuberculosis in a South African population. |journal=Microbes Infect. |volume=9 |issue= 4 |pages= 522-8 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17347014 |doi= 10.1016/j.micinf.2007.01.011 }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Mochida A, Kinouchi Y, Negoro K |title=Butyrophilin-like 2 gene is associated with ulcerative colitis in the Japanese under strong linkage disequilibrium with HLA-DRB1*1502 |journal=Tissue Antigens |volume=70 |issue= 2 |pages= 128–35 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17610417 |doi= 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2007.00866.x |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Johnson CM, Traherne JA, Jamieson SE, ''et al.'' |title=Analysis of the BTNL2 truncating splice site mutation in tuberculosis, leprosy and Crohn's disease. |journal=Tissue Antigens |volume=69 |issue= 3 |pages= 236-41 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17493147 |doi= 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2006.00795.x }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Spagnolo P, Sato H, Grutters JC |title=Analysis of BTNL2 genetic polymorphisms in British and Dutch patients with sarcoidosis |journal=Tissue Antigens |volume=70 |issue= 3 |pages= 219–27 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17661910 |doi= 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2007.00879.x |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Mochida A, Kinouchi Y, Negoro K, ''et al.'' |title=Butyrophilin-like 2 gene is associated with ulcerative colitis in the Japanese under strong linkage disequilibrium with HLA-DRB1*1502. |journal=Tissue Antigens |volume=70 |issue= 2 |pages= 128-35 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17610417 |doi= 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2007.00866.x }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Spagnolo P, Sato H, Grutters JC, ''et al.'' |title=Analysis of BTNL2 genetic polymorphisms in British and Dutch patients with sarcoidosis. |journal=Tissue Antigens |volume=70 |issue= 3 |pages= 219-27 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17661910 |doi= 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2007.00879.x }}
}}
}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}


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Revision as of 02:42, 30 August 2017

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Identifiers
Aliases
External IDsGeneCards: [1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

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Ensembl

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UniProt

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RefSeq (mRNA)

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RefSeq (protein)

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Location (UCSC)n/an/a
PubMed searchn/an/a
Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Butyrophilin-like protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BTNL2 gene.[1][2][3]

Because it is associated with the immune system and the major histocompatibility complex, it has been implicated in many diseases (see further reading list below). A large scale study found it to be the protein under the most stringent selection in the human genome in 8 out of 12 geographic regions using the HKA test.[4]


References

  1. ↑ Stammers M, Rowen L, Rhodes D, Trowsdale J, Beck S (May 2000). "BTL-II: a polymorphic locus with homology to the butyrophilin gene family, located at the border of the major histocompatibility complex class II and class III regions in human and mouse". Immunogenetics. 51 (4–5): 373–82. doi:10.1007/s002510050633. PMID 10803852.
  2. ↑ Valentonyte R, Hampe J, Huse K, Rosenstiel P, Albrecht M, Stenzel A, Nagy M, Gaede KI, Franke A, Haesler R, Koch A, Lengauer T, Seegert D, Reiling N, Ehlers S, Schwinger E, Platzer M, Krawczak M, Muller-Quernheim J, Schurmann M, Schreiber S (Mar 2005). "Sarcoidosis is associated with a truncating splice site mutation in BTNL2". Nat Genet. 37 (4): 357–64. doi:10.1038/ng1519. PMID 15735647.
  3. ↑ "Entrez Gene: BTNL2 butyrophilin-like 2 (MHC class II associated)".
  4. ↑ Pagani, Luca; Lawson, Daniel John; Jagoda, Evelyn; Mörseburg, Alexander; Eriksson, Anders; Mitt, Mario; Clemente, Florian; Hudjashov, Georgi; DeGiorgio, Michael; Saag, Lauri; Wall, Jeffrey D.; Cardona, Alexia; Mägi, Reedik; Sayres, Melissa A. Wilson; Kaewert, Sarah; Inchley, Charlotte; Scheib, Christiana L.; Järve, Mari; Karmin, Monika; Jacobs, Guy S.; Antao, Tiago; Iliescu, Florin Mircea; Kushniarevich, Alena; Ayub, Qasim; Tyler-Smith, Chris; Xue, Yali; Yunusbayev, Bayazit; Tambets, Kristiina; Mallick, Chandana Basu; Saag, Lehti; Pocheshkhova, Elvira; Andriadze, George; Muller, Craig; Westaway, Michael C.; Lambert, David M.; Zoraqi, Grigor; Turdikulova, Shahlo; Dalimova, Dilbar; Sabitov, Zhaxylyk; Sultana, Gazi Nurun Nahar; Lachance, Joseph; Tishkoff, Sarah; Momynaliev, Kuvat; Isakova, Jainagul; Damba, Larisa D.; Gubina, Marina; Nymadawa, Pagbajabyn; Evseeva, Irina; Atramentova, Lubov; Utevska, Olga; Ricaut, François-Xavier; Brucato, Nicolas; Sudoyo, Herawati; Letellier, Thierry; Cox, Murray P.; Barashkov, Nikolay A.; Škaro, Vedrana; Mulahasanovic´, Lejla; Primorac, Dragan; Sahakyan, Hovhannes; Mormina, Maru; Eichstaedt, Christina A.; Lichman, Daria V.; Abdullah, Syafiq; Chaubey, Gyaneshwer; Wee, Joseph T. S.; Mihailov, Evelin; Karunas, Alexandra; Litvinov, Sergei; Khusainova, Rita; Ekomasova, Natalya; Akhmetova, Vita; Khidiyatova, Irina; Marjanović, Damir; Yepiskoposyan, Levon; Behar, Doron M.; Balanovska, Elena; Metspalu, Andres; Derenko, Miroslava; Malyarchuk, Boris; Voevoda, Mikhail; Fedorova, Sardana A.; Osipova, Ludmila P.; Lahr, Marta Mirazón; Gerbault, Pascale; Leavesley, Matthew; Migliano, Andrea Bamberg; Petraglia, Michael; Balanovsky, Oleg; Khusnutdinova, Elza K.; Metspalu, Ene; Thomas, Mark G.; Manica, Andrea; Nielsen, Rasmus; Villems, Richard; Willerslev, Eske; Kivisild, Toomas; Metspalu, Mait (21 September 2016). "Genomic analyses inform on migration events during the peopling of Eurasia". Nature. 538 (7624): 238–242. doi:10.1038/nature19792.

External links

Further reading



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