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{{Infobox_gene}}
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'''Serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 2''' is an [[enzyme]] that in humans is encoded by the ''PON2'' [[gene]].<ref name="pmid8661009">{{cite journal | vauthors = Primo-Parmo SL, Sorenson RC, Teiber J, La Du BN | title = The human serum paraoxonase/arylesterase gene (PON1) is one member of a multigene family | journal = Genomics | volume = 33 | issue = 3 | pages = 498–507 |date=Sep 1996 | pmid = 8661009 | pmc =  | doi =10.1006/geno.1996.0225 }}</ref><ref name="pmid9714608">{{cite journal | vauthors = Mochizuki H, Scherer SW, Xi T, Nickle DC, Majer M, Huizenga JJ, Tsui LC, Prochazka M | title = Human PON2 gene at 7q21.3: cloning, multiple mRNA forms, and missense polymorphisms in the coding sequence | journal = Gene | volume = 213 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 149–57 |date=Aug 1998 | pmid = 9714608 | pmc =  | doi =10.1016/S0378-1119(98)00193-0 }}</ref><ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: PON2 paraoxonase 2| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=5445| accessdate = }}</ref>
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{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB =  
| Name = Paraoxonase 2
| HGNCid = 9205
| Symbol = PON2
| AltSymbols =;
| OMIM = 602447
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 385
| MGIid = 106687
  | GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_PON2_201876_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_PON2_210830_s_at_tn.png
  | Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004063 |text = aryldialkylphosphatase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004064 |text = arylesterase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016787 |text = hydrolase activity}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005576 |text = extracellular region}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016020 |text = membrane}}
| Process =
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 5445
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000105854
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000296
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000305
    | Hs_GenLoc_db =   
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 7
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 94872111
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 94902320
    | Hs_Uniprot = Q15165
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 330260
    | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000032667
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_183308
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_899131
    | Mm_GenLoc_db =   
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 6
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 5214624
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 5248373
    | Mm_Uniprot = Q3TAD3
  }}
}}
'''[[Paraoxonase]] 2''', also known as '''PON2''', is a human [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: PON2 paraoxonase 2| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=5445| accessdate = }}</ref>


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{{PBB_Summary
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =  
| section_title =  
| summary_text = This gene encodes a member of the paraoxonase gene family, which includes three known members located adjacent to each other on the long arm of chromosome 7. The encoded protein is ubiquitously expressed in human tissues, membrane-bound, and may act as a cellular antioxidant, protecting cells from oxidative stress. Hydrolytic activity against acylhomoserine lactones, important bacterial quorum-sensing mediators, suggests the encoded protein may also play a role in defense responses to pathogenic bacteria. Mutations in this gene may be associated with vascular disease and a number of quantitative phenotypes related to diabetes. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described.<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: PON2 paraoxonase 2| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=5445| accessdate = }}</ref>
| summary_text = This gene encodes a member of the [[paraoxonase]] gene family, which includes three known members located adjacent to each other on the long arm of [[chromosome 7]]. The encoded protein is ubiquitously expressed in human tissues, membrane-bound, and may act as a cellular antioxidant, protecting cells from oxidative stress. Hydrolytic activity against acylhomoserine lactones, important bacterial quorum-sensing mediators, suggests the encoded protein may also play a role in defense responses to pathogenic bacteria. Mutations in this gene may be associated with vascular disease and a number of quantitative phenotypes related to diabetes. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described.<ref name="entrez"/>
}}
}}


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist}}
 
==Further reading==
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading  
{{PBB_Further_reading  
| citations =  
| citations =  
*{{cite journal  | author=Mackness B, Durrington PN, Mackness MI |title=The paraoxonase gene family and coronary heart disease. |journal=Curr. Opin. Lipidol. |volume=13 |issue= 4 |pages= 357-62 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12151850 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Mackness B, Durrington PN, Mackness MI |title=The paraoxonase gene family and coronary heart disease |journal=Curr. Opin. Lipidol. |volume=13 |issue= 4 |pages= 357–62 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12151850 |doi=10.1097/00041433-200208000-00002 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Getz GS, Reardon CA |title=Paraoxonase, a cardioprotective enzyme: continuing issues. |journal=Curr. Opin. Lipidol. |volume=15 |issue= 3 |pages= 261-7 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15166781 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Getz GS, Reardon CA |title=Paraoxonase, a cardioprotective enzyme: continuing issues |journal=Curr. Opin. Lipidol. |volume=15 |issue= 3 |pages= 261–7 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15166781 |doi=10.1097/00041433-200406000-00005 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Ng CJ, Shih DM, Hama SY, ''et al.'' |title=The paraoxonase gene family and atherosclerosis. |journal=Free Radic. Biol. Med. |volume=38 |issue= 2 |pages= 153-63 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15607899 |doi= 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2004.09.035 }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Ng CJ, Shih DM, Hama SY, etal |title=The paraoxonase gene family and atherosclerosis |journal=Free Radic. Biol. Med. |volume=38 |issue= 2 |pages= 153–63 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15607899 |doi= 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2004.09.035 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Primo-Parmo SL, Sorenson RC, Teiber J, La Du BN |title=The human serum paraoxonase/arylesterase gene (PON1) is one member of a multigene family. |journal=Genomics |volume=33 |issue= 3 |pages= 498-507 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8661009 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Hegele RA, Connelly PW, Scherer SW, etal |title=Paraoxonase-2 gene (PON2) G148 variant associated with elevated fasting plasma glucose in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus |journal=J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. |volume=82 |issue= 10 |pages= 3373–7 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9329371 |doi=10.1210/jc.82.10.3373 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Hegele RA, Connelly PW, Scherer SW, ''et al.'' |title=Paraoxonase-2 gene (PON2) G148 variant associated with elevated fasting plasma glucose in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. |journal=J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. |volume=82 |issue= 10 |pages= 3373-7 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9329371 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Sanghera DK, Aston CE, Saha N, Kamboh MI |title=DNA polymorphisms in two paraoxonase genes (PON1 and PON2) are associated with the risk of coronary heart disease |journal=Am. J. Hum. Genet. |volume=62 |issue= 1 |pages= 36–44 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9443862 |doi=10.1086/301669 | pmc=1376796 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Sanghera DK, Aston CE, Saha N, Kamboh MI |title=DNA polymorphisms in two paraoxonase genes (PON1 and PON2) are associated with the risk of coronary heart disease. |journal=Am. J. Hum. Genet. |volume=62 |issue= 1 |pages= 36-44 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9443862 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  |title=Toward a complete human genome sequence |journal=Genome Res. |volume=8 |issue= 11 |pages= 1097–108 |year= 1999 |pmid= 9847074 |doi=  10.1101/gr.8.11.1097}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Mochizuki H, Scherer SW, Xi T, ''et al.'' |title=Human PON2 gene at 7q21.3: cloning, multiple mRNA forms, and missense polymorphisms in the coding sequence. |journal=Gene |volume=213 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 149-57 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9714608 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Ng CJ, Wadleigh DJ, Gangopadhyay A, etal |title=Paraoxonase-2 is a ubiquitously expressed protein with antioxidant properties and is capable of preventing cell-mediated oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=276 |issue= 48 |pages= 44444–9 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11579088 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M105660200 }}
*{{cite journal  | author= |title=Toward a complete human genome sequence. |journal=Genome Res. |volume=8 |issue= 11 |pages= 1097-108 |year= 1999 |pmid= 9847074 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Hong SH, Song J, Min WK, Kim JQ |title=Genetic variations of the paraoxonase gene in patients with coronary artery disease |journal=Clin. Biochem. |volume=34 |issue= 6 |pages= 475–81 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11676977 |doi=10.1016/S0009-9120(01)00257-0 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Ng CJ, Wadleigh DJ, Gangopadhyay A, ''et al.'' |title=Paraoxonase-2 is a ubiquitously expressed protein with antioxidant properties and is capable of preventing cell-mediated oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=276 |issue= 48 |pages= 44444-9 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11579088 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M105660200 }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Obineche EN, Frossard PM, Bokhari AM |title=An association study of five genetic loci and left ventricular hypertrophy amongst Gulf Arabs |journal=Hypertens. Res. |volume=24 |issue= 6 |pages= 635–9 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11768721 |doi=10.1291/hypres.24.635 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Hong SH, Song J, Min WK, Kim JQ |title=Genetic variations of the paraoxonase gene in patients with coronary artery disease. |journal=Clin. Biochem. |volume=34 |issue= 6 |pages= 475-81 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11676977 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Janka Z, Juhász A, Rimanóczy AA, etal |title=Codon 311 (Cys --> Ser) polymorphism of paraoxonase-2 gene is associated with apolipoprotein E4 allele in both Alzheimer's and vascular dementias |journal=Mol. Psychiatry |volume=7 |issue= 1 |pages= 110–2 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11803456 |doi= 10.1038/sj/mp/4000916 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Obineche EN, Frossard PM, Bokhari AM |title=An association study of five genetic loci and left ventricular hypertrophy amongst Gulf Arabs. |journal=Hypertens. Res. |volume=24 |issue= 6 |pages= 635-9 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11768721 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Kao Y, Donaghue KC, Chan A, etal |title=Paraoxonase gene cluster is a genetic marker for early microvascular complications in type 1 diabetes |journal=Diabet. Med. |volume=19 |issue= 3 |pages= 212–5 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11918623 |doi=10.1046/j.1464-5491.2002.00660.x }}
*{{cite journal | author=Janka Z, Juhász A, Rimanóczy A A, ''et al.'' |title=Codon 311 (Cys --> Ser) polymorphism of paraoxonase-2 gene is associated with apolipoprotein E4 allele in both Alzheimer's and vascular dementias. |journal=Mol. Psychiatry |volume=7 |issue= 1 |pages= 110-2 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11803456 |doi= 10.1038/sj/mp/4000916 }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Chen Q, Reis SE, Kammerer CM, etal |title=Association between the severity of angiographic coronary artery disease and paraoxonase gene polymorphisms in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute-sponsored Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) study |journal=Am. J. Hum. Genet. |volume=72 |issue= 1 |pages= 13–22 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12454802 |doi=10.1086/345312  | pmc=378617 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Kao Y, Donaghue KC, Chan A, ''et al.'' |title=Paraoxonase gene cluster is a genetic marker for early microvascular complications in type 1 diabetes. |journal=Diabet. Med. |volume=19 |issue= 3 |pages= 212-5 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11918623 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, etal |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899–903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 | pmc=139241 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Chen Q, Reis SE, Kammerer CM, ''et al.'' |title=Association between the severity of angiographic coronary artery disease and paraoxonase gene polymorphisms in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute-sponsored Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) study. |journal=Am. J. Hum. Genet. |volume=72 |issue= 1 |pages= 13-22 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12454802 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Hillier LW, Fulton RS, Fulton LA, etal |title=The DNA sequence of human chromosome 7 |journal=Nature |volume=424 |issue= 6945 |pages= 157–64 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12853948 |doi= 10.1038/nature01782 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, ''et al.'' |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899-903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Yamada Y, Ando F, Niino N, etal |title=Association of polymorphisms of paraoxonase 1 and 2 genes, alone or in combination, with bone mineral density in community-dwelling Japanese |journal=J. Hum. Genet. |volume=48 |issue= 9 |pages= 469–75 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12955589 |doi= 10.1007/s10038-003-0063-x }}
*{{cite journal | author=Hillier LW, Fulton RS, Fulton LA, ''et al.'' |title=The DNA sequence of human chromosome 7. |journal=Nature |volume=424 |issue= 6945 |pages= 157-64 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12853948 |doi= 10.1038/nature01782 }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Shi J, Zhang S, Tang M, etal |title=Possible association between Cys311Ser polymorphism of paraoxonase 2 gene and late-onset Alzheimer's disease in Chinese |journal=Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. |volume=120 |issue= 2 |pages= 201–4 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14741412 |doi=10.1016/j.molbrainres.2003.10.018 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Yamada Y, Ando F, Niino N, ''et al.'' |title=Association of polymorphisms of paraoxonase 1 and 2 genes, alone or in combination, with bone mineral density in community-dwelling Japanese. |journal=J. Hum. Genet. |volume=48 |issue= 9 |pages= 469-75 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12955589 |doi= 10.1007/s10038-003-0063-x }}
*{{cite journal | author=Shi J, Zhang S, Tang M, ''et al.'' |title=Possible association between Cys311Ser polymorphism of paraoxonase 2 gene and late-onset Alzheimer's disease in Chinese. |journal=Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. |volume=120 |issue= 2 |pages= 201-4 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14741412 |doi=  }}
}}
}}
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{{refend}}


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Latest revision as of 18:27, 7 September 2017

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Identifiers
Aliases
External IDsGeneCards: [1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

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Ensembl

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UniProt

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RefSeq (mRNA)

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RefSeq (protein)

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Location (UCSC)n/an/a
PubMed searchn/an/a
Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PON2 gene.[1][2][3]

This gene encodes a member of the paraoxonase gene family, which includes three known members located adjacent to each other on the long arm of chromosome 7. The encoded protein is ubiquitously expressed in human tissues, membrane-bound, and may act as a cellular antioxidant, protecting cells from oxidative stress. Hydrolytic activity against acylhomoserine lactones, important bacterial quorum-sensing mediators, suggests the encoded protein may also play a role in defense responses to pathogenic bacteria. Mutations in this gene may be associated with vascular disease and a number of quantitative phenotypes related to diabetes. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described.[3]

References

  1. ↑ Primo-Parmo SL, Sorenson RC, Teiber J, La Du BN (Sep 1996). "The human serum paraoxonase/arylesterase gene (PON1) is one member of a multigene family". Genomics. 33 (3): 498–507. doi:10.1006/geno.1996.0225. PMID 8661009.
  2. ↑ Mochizuki H, Scherer SW, Xi T, Nickle DC, Majer M, Huizenga JJ, Tsui LC, Prochazka M (Aug 1998). "Human PON2 gene at 7q21.3: cloning, multiple mRNA forms, and missense polymorphisms in the coding sequence". Gene. 213 (1–2): 149–57. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(98)00193-0. PMID 9714608.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Entrez Gene: PON2 paraoxonase 2".

Further reading



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