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{{Infobox_gene}}
{{PBB_Controls
'''A-kinase anchor protein 9''' is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the ''AKAP9'' [[gene]].<ref name="pmid9482789">{{cite journal | vauthors = Lin JW, Wyszynski M, Madhavan R, Sealock R, Kim JU, Sheng M | title = Yotiao, a novel protein of neuromuscular junction and brain that interacts with specific splice variants of NMDA receptor subunit NR1 | journal = J Neurosci | volume = 18 | issue = 6 | pages = 2017–27 | date = Apr 1998 | pmid = 9482789 | pmc =  | doi =  }}</ref><ref name="pmid10390370">{{cite journal | vauthors = Westphal RS, Tavalin SJ, Lin JW, Alto NM, Fraser ID, Langeberg LK, Sheng M, Scott JD | title = Regulation of NMDA receptors by an associated phosphatase-kinase signaling complex | journal = Science | volume = 285 | issue = 5424 | pages = 93–6 | date = Jul 1999 | pmid = 10390370 | pmc = | doi = 10.1126/science.285.5424.93 }}</ref><ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: AKAP9 A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein (yotiao) 9| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=10142| accessdate = }}</ref>
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
== Function ==
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB =
| Name = A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein (yotiao) 9
| HGNCid = 379
| Symbol = AKAP9
| AltSymbols =; AKAP350; AKAP450; CG-NAP; HYPERION; KIAA0803; MU-RMS-40.16A; PRKA9; YOTIAO
| OMIM = 604001
| ECnumber = 
| Homologene = 17517
| MGIid = 2178217
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_AKAP9_210962_s_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005102 |text = receptor binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005813 |text = centrosome}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005856 |text = cytoskeleton}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006810 |text = transport}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007165 |text = signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007268 |text = synaptic transmission}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 10142
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000127914
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_005742
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_005751
    | Hs_GenLoc_db = 
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 7
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 91408128
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 91577925
    | Hs_Uniprot = Q99996
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 100986
    | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000040407
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_194462
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_919444
    | Mm_GenLoc_db = 
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 5
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 3934184
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 4086210
    | Mm_Uniprot = 
  }}
}}
'''A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein (yotiao) 9''', also known as '''AKAP9''', is a human [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: AKAP9 A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein (yotiao) 9| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=10142| accessdate = }}</ref>


<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
The A-kinase anchor proteins (AKAPs) are a group of structurally diverse proteins which have the common function of binding to the regulatory subunit of [[protein kinase A]] (PKA) and confining the holoenzyme to discrete locations within the cell. This gene encodes a member of the AKAP family. Alternate splicing of this gene results in many isoforms that localize to the centrosome and the [[Golgi apparatus]], and interact with numerous signaling proteins from multiple [[signal transduction]] pathways. These signaling proteins include type II protein kinase A, [[protein kinase N1|serine/threonine kinase protein kinase N]], [[protein phosphatase 1]], [[protein phosphatase 2]]a, [[PRKCE|protein kinase C-epsilon]] and [[PDE4D|phosphodiesterase 4D3]].<ref name="entrez" />
{{PBB_Summary
 
| section_title =
==Model organisms==
| summary_text = The A-kinase anchor proteins (AKAPs) are a group of structurally diverse proteins which have the common function of binding to the regulatory subunit of protein kinase A (PKA) and confining the holoenzyme to discrete locations within the cell. This gene encodes a member of the AKAP family. Alternate splicing of this gene results in many isoforms that localize to the centrosome and the Golgi apparatus, and interact with numerous signaling proteins from multiple signal transduction pathways. These signaling proteins include type II protein kinase A, serine/threonine kinase protein kinase N, protein phosphatase 1, protein phosphatase 2a, protein kinase C-epsilon and phosphodiesterase 4D3.<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: AKAP9 A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein (yotiao) 9| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=10142| accessdate = }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible collapsed" border="1" cellpadding="2" style="float: right;" |
}}
|+ ''Akap9'' knockout mouse phenotype
|-
! Characteristic!! Phenotype
 
|-
| [[Homozygote]] viability || bgcolor="#C40000"|Abnormal
|-
| [[Recessive]] lethal study || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
|-
| Fertility || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
|-
| Body weight || bgcolor="#C40000"|Abnormal<ref name="Body weight">{{cite web |url=http://www.sanger.ac.uk/mouseportal/phenotyping/MBFR/weight-curves/ |title=Body weight data for Akap9 |publisher=Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute}}</ref>
|-
| [[Open Field (animal test)|Anxiety]] || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
|-
| Neurological assessment || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
|-
| Grip strength || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
|-
| [[Hot plate test|Hot plate]] || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
|-
| [[Dysmorphology]] || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
|-
| [[Indirect calorimetry]] || bgcolor="#C40000"|Abnormal<ref name="Indirect calorimetry">{{cite web |url=http://www.sanger.ac.uk/mouseportal/phenotyping/MBFR/indirect-calorimetry/ |title=Indirect calorimetry data for Akap9 |publisher=Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute}}</ref>
|-
| [[Glucose tolerance test]] || bgcolor="#C40000"|Abnormal<ref name="Glucose tolerance test">{{cite web |url=http://www.sanger.ac.uk/mouseportal/phenotyping/MBFR/glucose-tolerance-ip/ |title=Glucose tolerance test data for Akap9 |publisher=Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute}}</ref>
|-
| [[Auditory brainstem response]] || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
|-
| [[Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry|DEXA]] || bgcolor="#C40000"|Abnormal<ref name="DEXA">{{cite web |url=http://www.sanger.ac.uk/mouseportal/phenotyping/MBFR/body-composition-dexa/ |title=DEXA data for Akap9 |publisher=Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute}}</ref>
|-
| [[Radiography]] || bgcolor="#C40000"|Abnormal<ref name="Radiography">{{cite web |url=http://www.sanger.ac.uk/mouseportal/phenotyping/MBFR/x-ray-imaging/ |title=Radiography data for Akap9 |publisher=Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute}}</ref>
|-
| Body temperature || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
|-
| Eye morphology || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
|-
| [[Clinical chemistry]] || bgcolor="#C40000"|Abnormal<ref name="Clinical chemistry">{{cite web |url=http://www.sanger.ac.uk/mouseportal/phenotyping/MBFR/plasma-chemistry/ |title=Clinical chemistry data for Akap9 |publisher=Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute}}</ref>
|-
| [[Haematology]] || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
|-
| [[Peripheral blood lymphocyte]]s || bgcolor="#C40000"|Abnormal
|-
| [[Micronucleus test]] || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
|-
| Heart weight || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
|-
| Skin Histopathology || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
|-
| Brain histopathology || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
|-
| Eye Histopathology || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
|-
| ''[[Salmonella]]'' infection || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal<ref name="''Salmonella'' infection">{{cite web |url=http://www.sanger.ac.uk/mouseportal/phenotyping/MBFR/salmonella-challenge/ |title=''Salmonella'' infection data for Akap9 |publisher=Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Citrobacter]]'' infection || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal<ref name="''Citrobacter'' infection">{{cite web |url=http://www.sanger.ac.uk/mouseportal/phenotyping/MBFR/citrobacter-challenge/ |title=''Citrobacter'' infection data for Akap9 |publisher=Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute}}</ref><ref>[http://www.sanger.ac.uk/mouseportal/ Mouse Resources Portal], Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.</ref>
|-
| colspan=2; style="text-align: center;" | All tests and analysis from<ref name="mgp_reference">{{cite journal | doi = 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2010.4142.x | title = The Sanger Mouse Genetics Programme: High throughput characterisation of knockout mice | year = 2010 | author = Gerdin AK | journal = Acta Ophthalmologica | volume = 88 | pages =  925–7 }}</ref>
|}
[[Model organism]]s have been used in the study of AKAP9 function. A conditional [[knockout mouse]] line, called ''Akap9<sup>tm1a(KOMP)Wtsi</sup>''<ref name="allele_ref">{{cite web |url=http://www.knockoutmouse.org/martsearch/search?query=Akap9 |title=International Knockout Mouse Consortium}}</ref><ref name="mgi_allele_ref">{{cite web |url=http://www.informatics.jax.org/searchtool/Search.do?query=MGI:4362642 |title=Mouse Genome Informatics}}</ref> was generated as part of the [[International Knockout Mouse Consortium]] program — a high-throughput mutagenesis project to generate and distribute animal models of disease to interested scientists.<ref name="pmid21677750">{{cite journal | vauthors = Skarnes WC, Rosen B, West AP, Koutsourakis M, Bushell W, Iyer V, Mujica AO, Thomas M, Harrow J, Cox T, Jackson D, Severin J, Biggs P, Fu J, Nefedov M, de Jong PJ, Stewart AF, Bradley A | title = A conditional knockout resource for the genome-wide study of mouse gene function | journal = Nature | volume = 474 | issue = 7351 | pages = 337–342 | year = 2011 | pmid = 21677750 | pmc = 3572410 | doi = 10.1038/nature10163 }}</ref><ref name="mouse_library">{{cite journal | author = Dolgin E | title = Mouse library set to be knockout | journal = Nature | volume = 474 | issue = 7351 | pages = 262–3 | year = 2011 | pmid = 21677718 | doi = 10.1038/474262a }}</ref><ref name="mouse_for_all_reasons">{{cite journal | vauthors = Collins FS, Rossant J, Wurst W | title = A Mouse for All Reasons | journal = Cell | volume = 128 | issue = 1 | pages = 9–13 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17218247 | doi = 10.1016/j.cell.2006.12.018 }}</ref>
 
Male and female animals underwent a standardized [[phenotypic screen]] to determine the effects of deletion.<ref name="mgp_reference" /><ref name="pmid21722353">{{cite journal | vauthors = van der Weyden L, White JK, Adams DJ, Logan DW | title = The mouse genetics toolkit: revealing function and mechanism. | journal = Genome Biol | volume = 12 | issue = 6 | pages = 224 | year = 2011 | pmid = 21722353 | pmc = 3218837 | doi = 10.1186/gb-2011-12-6-224 }}</ref> Twenty six tests were carried out on [[mutant]] mice and eight significant abnormalities were observed.<ref name="mgp_reference" /> Fewer than expected [[homozygous]] [[mutant]] mice survived until [[weaning]]. The remaining tests were carried out on both homozygous and [[heterozygous]] mutant adult mice. Animals of both sex displayed decreased body fat and body weight, [[hematopoietic]] abnormalities and an atypical plasma chemistry panel. Female homozygotes also displayed abnormal tooth morphology while males heterozygous animals displayed an abnormal [[pelvic girdle]] bone morphology.<ref name="mgp_reference" />
 
== Interactions ==
 
AKAP9 has been shown to [[Protein-protein interaction|interact]] with:
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[CALM2]],<ref name = pmid12221128/>
* [[Calmodulin 1|CALM1]],<ref name = pmid12221128>{{cite journal | vauthors = Takahashi M, Yamagiwa A, Nishimura T, Mukai H, Ono Y | title = Centrosomal proteins CG-NAP and kendrin provide microtubule nucleation sites by anchoring gamma-tubulin ring complex | journal = Mol. Biol. Cell | volume = 13 | issue = 9 | pages = 3235–45 | date = Sep 2002 | pmid = 12221128 | pmc = 124155 | doi = 10.1091/mbc.E02-02-0112 }}</ref>
* [[FNBP1]],<ref name = pmid15047863>{{cite journal | vauthors = Larocca MC, Shanks RA, Tian L, Nelson DL, Stewart DM, Goldenring JR | title = AKAP350 interaction with cdc42 interacting protein 4 at the Golgi apparatus | journal = Mol. Biol. Cell | volume = 15 | issue = 6 | pages = 2771–81 | date = Jun 2004 | pmid = 15047863 | pmc = 420101 | doi = 10.1091/mbc.E03-10-0757 }}</ref>
* [[KvLQT1]]<ref name = pmid11799244>{{cite journal | vauthors = Marx SO, Kurokawa J, Reiken S, Motoike H, D'Armiento J, Marks AR, Kass RS | title = Requirement of a macromolecular signaling complex for beta adrenergic receptor modulation of the KCNQ1-KCNE1 potassium channel | journal = Science | volume = 295 | issue = 5554 | pages = 496–9 | date = Jan 2002 | pmid = 11799244 | doi = 10.1126/science.1066843 }}</ref>
* [[PRKAR2A]],<ref name = pmid10358086/><ref name = pmid12672969>{{cite journal | vauthors = Alto NM, Soderling SH, Hoshi N, Langeberg LK, Fayos R, Jennings PA, Scott JD | title = Bioinformatic design of A-kinase anchoring protein-in silico: a potent and selective peptide antagonist of type II protein kinase A anchoring | journal = Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | volume = 100 | issue = 8 | pages = 4445–50 | date = Apr 2003 | pmid = 12672969 | pmc = 153575 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.0330734100 }}</ref>
* [[Protein kinase N1|PKN1]],<ref name = pmid10358086>{{cite journal | vauthors = Takahashi M, Shibata H, Shimakawa M, Miyamoto M, Mukai H, Ono Y | title = Characterization of a novel giant scaffolding protein, CG-NAP, that anchors multiple signaling enzymes to centrosome and the golgi apparatus | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 274 | issue = 24 | pages = 17267–74 | date = Jun 1999 | pmid = 10358086 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.274.24.17267 }}</ref>  and
* [[TRIP10]].<ref name = pmid15047863/>
{{Div col end}}
{{clear}}


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|35em}}
 
==Further reading==
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{refbegin|35em}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
*{{cite journal | vauthors = Nagase T, Ishikawa K, Suyama M, Kikuno R, Miyajima N, Tanaka A, Kotani H, Nomura N, Ohara O | title = Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. XI. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which code for large proteins in vitro | journal = DNA Res. | volume = 5 | issue = 5 | pages = 277–86 | year = 1999 | pmid = 9872452 | doi = 10.1093/dnares/5.5.277 }}
| citations =
*{{cite journal | vauthors = Schmidt PH, Dransfield DT, Claudio JO, Hawley RG, Trotter KW, Milgram SL, Goldenring JR | title = AKAP350, a multiply spliced protein kinase A-anchoring protein associated with centrosomes | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 274 | issue = 5 | pages = 3055–66 | year = 1999 | pmid = 9915845 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.274.5.3055 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Lin JW, Wyszynski M, Madhavan R, ''et al.'' |title=Yotiao, a novel protein of neuromuscular junction and brain that interacts with specific splice variants of NMDA receptor subunit NR1. |journal=J. Neurosci. |volume=18 |issue= 6 |pages= 2017-27 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9482789 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal | vauthors = Witczak O, Skålhegg BS, Keryer G, Bornens M, Taskén K, Jahnsen T, Orstavik S | title = Cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding an A-kinase anchoring protein located in the centrosome, AKAP450 | journal = EMBO J. | volume = 18 | issue = 7 | pages = 1858–68 | year = 1999 | pmid = 10202149 | pmc = 1171271 | doi = 10.1093/emboj/18.7.1858 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Nagase T, Ishikawa K, Suyama M, ''et al.'' |title=Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. XI. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which code for large proteins in vitro. |journal=DNA Res. |volume=5 |issue= 5 |pages= 277-86 |year= 1999 |pmid= 9872452 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | vauthors = Takahashi M, Shibata H, Shimakawa M, Miyamoto M, Mukai H, Ono Y | title = Characterization of a novel giant scaffolding protein, CG-NAP, that anchors multiple signaling enzymes to centrosome and the golgi apparatus | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 274 | issue = 24 | pages = 17267–74 | year = 1999 | pmid = 10358086 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.274.24.17267 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Schmidt PH, Dransfield DT, Claudio JO, ''et al.'' |title=AKAP350, a multiply spliced protein kinase A-anchoring protein associated with centrosomes. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=274 |issue= 5 |pages= 3055-66 |year= 1999 |pmid= 9915845 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | vauthors = Husi H, Ward MA, Choudhary JS, Blackstock WP, Grant SG | title = Proteomic analysis of NMDA receptor-adhesion protein signaling complexes | journal = Nat. Neurosci. | volume = 3 | issue = 7 | pages = 661–9 | year = 2000 | pmid = 10862698 | doi = 10.1038/76615 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Witczak O, Skålhegg BS, Keryer G, ''et al.'' |title=Cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding an A-kinase anchoring protein located in the centrosome, AKAP450. |journal=EMBO J. |volume=18 |issue= 7 |pages= 1858-68 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10202149 |doi= 10.1093/emboj/18.7.1858 }}
*{{cite journal | vauthors = Takahashi M, Mukai H, Oishi K, Isagawa T, Ono Y | title = Association of immature hypophosphorylated protein kinase cepsilon with an anchoring protein CG-NAP | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 275 | issue = 44 | pages = 34592–6 | year = 2000 | pmid = 10945988 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M005285200 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Takahashi M, Shibata H, Shimakawa M, ''et al.'' |title=Characterization of a novel giant scaffolding protein, CG-NAP, that anchors multiple signaling enzymes to centrosome and the golgi apparatus. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=274 |issue= 24 |pages= 17267-74 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10358086 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | vauthors = Marx SO, Kurokawa J, Reiken S, Motoike H, D'Armiento J, Marks AR, Kass RS | title = Requirement of a macromolecular signaling complex for beta adrenergic receptor modulation of the KCNQ1-KCNE1 potassium channel | journal = Science | volume = 295 | issue = 5554 | pages = 496–9 | year = 2002 | pmid = 11799244 | doi = 10.1126/science.1066843 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Westphal RS, Tavalin SJ, Lin JW, ''et al.'' |title=Regulation of NMDA receptors by an associated phosphatase-kinase signaling complex. |journal=Science |volume=285 |issue= 5424 |pages= 93-6 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10390370 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal | vauthors = Steadman BT, Schmidt PH, Shanks RA, Lapierre LA, Goldenring JR | title = Transforming acidic coiled-coil-containing protein 4 interacts with centrosomal AKAP350 and the mitotic spindle apparatus | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 277 | issue = 33 | pages = 30165–76 | year = 2002 | pmid = 12015314 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M201914200 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Husi H, Ward MA, Choudhary JS, ''et al.'' |title=Proteomic analysis of NMDA receptor-adhesion protein signaling complexes. |journal=Nat. Neurosci. |volume=3 |issue= 7 |pages= 661-9 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10862698 |doi= 10.1038/76615 }}
*{{cite journal | vauthors = Bray JD, Chennathukuzhi VM, Hecht NB | title = Identification and characterization of cDNAs encoding four novel proteins that interact with translin associated factor-X | journal = Genomics | volume = 79 | issue = 6 | pages = 799–808 | year = 2002 | pmid = 12036294 | doi = 10.1006/geno.2002.6779 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Takahashi M, Mukai H, Oishi K, ''et al.'' |title=Association of immature hypophosphorylated protein kinase cepsilon with an anchoring protein CG-NAP. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=275 |issue= 44 |pages= 34592-6 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10945988 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M005285200 }}
*{{cite journal | vauthors = Shanks RA, Larocca MC, Berryman M, Edwards JC, Urushidani T, Navarre J, Goldenring JR | title = AKAP350 at the Golgi apparatus. II. Association of AKAP350 with a novel chloride intracellular channel (CLIC) family member | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 277 | issue = 43 | pages = 40973–80 | year = 2002 | pmid = 12163479 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M112277200 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Marx SO, Kurokawa J, Reiken S, ''et al.'' |title=Requirement of a macromolecular signaling complex for beta adrenergic receptor modulation of the KCNQ1-KCNE1 potassium channel. |journal=Science |volume=295 |issue= 5554 |pages= 496-9 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11799244 |doi= 10.1126/science.1066843 }}
*{{cite journal | vauthors = Takahashi M, Yamagiwa A, Nishimura T, Mukai H, Ono Y | title = Centrosomal Proteins CG-NAP and Kendrin Provide Microtubule Nucleation Sites by Anchoring γ-Tubulin Ring Complex | journal = Mol. Biol. Cell | volume = 13 | issue = 9 | pages = 3235–45 | year = 2003 | pmid = 12221128 | pmc = 124155 | doi = 10.1091/mbc.E02-02-0112 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Steadman BT, Schmidt PH, Shanks RA, ''et al.'' |title=Transforming acidic coiled-coil-containing protein 4 interacts with centrosomal AKAP350 and the mitotic spindle apparatus. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=277 |issue= 33 |pages= 30165-76 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12015314 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M201914200 }}
*{{cite journal | vauthors = Sillibourne JE, Milne DM, Takahashi M, Ono Y, Meek DW | title = Centrosomal anchoring of the protein kinase CK1delta mediated by attachment to the large, coiled-coil scaffolding protein CG-NAP/AKAP450 | journal = J. Mol. Biol. | volume = 322 | issue = 4 | pages = 785–97 | year = 2002 | pmid = 12270714 | doi = 10.1016/S0022-2836(02)00857-4 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Bray JD, Chennathukuzhi VM, Hecht NB |title=Identification and characterization of cDNAs encoding four novel proteins that interact with translin associated factor-X. |journal=Genomics |volume=79 |issue= 6 |pages= 799-808 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12036294 |doi= 10.1006/geno.2002.6779 }}
*{{cite journal | vauthors = Tu H, Tang TS, Wang Z, Bezprozvanny I | title = Association of type 1 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor with AKAP9 (Yotiao) and protein kinase A | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 279 | issue = 18 | pages = 19375–82 | year = 2004 | pmid = 14982933 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M313476200 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Shanks RA, Larocca MC, Berryman M, ''et al.'' |title=AKAP350 at the Golgi apparatus. II. Association of AKAP350 with a novel chloride intracellular channel (CLIC) family member. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=277 |issue= 43 |pages= 40973-80 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12163479 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M112277200 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Takahashi M, Yamagiwa A, Nishimura T, ''et al.'' |title=Centrosomal proteins CG-NAP and kendrin provide microtubule nucleation sites by anchoring gamma-tubulin ring complex. |journal=Mol. Biol. Cell |volume=13 |issue= 9 |pages= 3235-45 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12221128 |doi= 10.1091/mbc.E02-02-0112 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Sillibourne JE, Milne DM, Takahashi M, ''et al.'' |title=Centrosomal anchoring of the protein kinase CK1delta mediated by attachment to the large, coiled-coil scaffolding protein CG-NAP/AKAP450. |journal=J. Mol. Biol. |volume=322 |issue= 4 |pages= 785-97 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12270714 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, ''et al.'' |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899-903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Scherer SW, Cheung J, MacDonald JR, ''et al.'' |title=Human chromosome 7: DNA sequence and biology. |journal=Science |volume=300 |issue= 5620 |pages= 767-72 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12690205 |doi= 10.1126/science.1083423 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Hillier LW, Fulton RS, Fulton LA, ''et al.'' |title=The DNA sequence of human chromosome 7. |journal=Nature |volume=424 |issue= 6945 |pages= 157-64 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12853948 |doi= 10.1038/nature01782 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, ''et al.'' |title=Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=36 |issue= 1 |pages= 40-5 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14702039 |doi= 10.1038/ng1285 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Tu H, Tang TS, Wang Z, Bezprozvanny I |title=Association of type 1 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor with AKAP9 (Yotiao) and protein kinase A. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=279 |issue= 18 |pages= 19375-82 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14982933 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M313476200 }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}


{{protein-stub}}
==External links==
{{WikiDoc Sources}}
* {{UCSC genome browser|AKAP9}}
* {{UCSC gene details|AKAP9}}
 
{{NLM content}}
 
[[Category:Genes mutated in mice]]
[[Category:A-kinase-anchoring proteins]]

Revision as of 17:55, 29 August 2017

VALUE_ERROR (nil)
Identifiers
Aliases
External IDsGeneCards: [1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

n/a

n/a

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A-kinase anchor protein 9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AKAP9 gene.[1][2][3]

Function

The A-kinase anchor proteins (AKAPs) are a group of structurally diverse proteins which have the common function of binding to the regulatory subunit of protein kinase A (PKA) and confining the holoenzyme to discrete locations within the cell. This gene encodes a member of the AKAP family. Alternate splicing of this gene results in many isoforms that localize to the centrosome and the Golgi apparatus, and interact with numerous signaling proteins from multiple signal transduction pathways. These signaling proteins include type II protein kinase A, serine/threonine kinase protein kinase N, protein phosphatase 1, protein phosphatase 2a, protein kinase C-epsilon and phosphodiesterase 4D3.[3]

Model organisms

Model organisms have been used in the study of AKAP9 function. A conditional knockout mouse line, called Akap9tm1a(KOMP)Wtsi[14][15] was generated as part of the International Knockout Mouse Consortium program — a high-throughput mutagenesis project to generate and distribute animal models of disease to interested scientists.[16][17][18]

Male and female animals underwent a standardized phenotypic screen to determine the effects of deletion.[13][19] Twenty six tests were carried out on mutant mice and eight significant abnormalities were observed.[13] Fewer than expected homozygous mutant mice survived until weaning. The remaining tests were carried out on both homozygous and heterozygous mutant adult mice. Animals of both sex displayed decreased body fat and body weight, hematopoietic abnormalities and an atypical plasma chemistry panel. Female homozygotes also displayed abnormal tooth morphology while males heterozygous animals displayed an abnormal pelvic girdle bone morphology.[13]

Interactions

AKAP9 has been shown to interact with:

References

  1. ↑ Lin JW, Wyszynski M, Madhavan R, Sealock R, Kim JU, Sheng M (Apr 1998). "Yotiao, a novel protein of neuromuscular junction and brain that interacts with specific splice variants of NMDA receptor subunit NR1". J Neurosci. 18 (6): 2017–27. PMID 9482789.
  2. ↑ Westphal RS, Tavalin SJ, Lin JW, Alto NM, Fraser ID, Langeberg LK, Sheng M, Scott JD (Jul 1999). "Regulation of NMDA receptors by an associated phosphatase-kinase signaling complex". Science. 285 (5424): 93–6. doi:10.1126/science.285.5424.93. PMID 10390370.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Entrez Gene: AKAP9 A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein (yotiao) 9".
  4. ↑ "Body weight data for Akap9". Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.
  5. ↑ "Indirect calorimetry data for Akap9". Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.
  6. ↑ "Glucose tolerance test data for Akap9". Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.
  7. ↑ "DEXA data for Akap9". Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.
  8. ↑ "Radiography data for Akap9". Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.
  9. ↑ "Clinical chemistry data for Akap9". Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.
  10. ↑ "Salmonella infection data for Akap9". Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.
  11. ↑ "Citrobacter infection data for Akap9". Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.
  12. ↑ Mouse Resources Portal, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 Gerdin AK (2010). "The Sanger Mouse Genetics Programme: High throughput characterisation of knockout mice". Acta Ophthalmologica. 88: 925–7. doi:10.1111/j.1755-3768.2010.4142.x.
  14. ↑ "International Knockout Mouse Consortium".
  15. ↑ "Mouse Genome Informatics".
  16. ↑ Skarnes WC, Rosen B, West AP, Koutsourakis M, Bushell W, Iyer V, Mujica AO, Thomas M, Harrow J, Cox T, Jackson D, Severin J, Biggs P, Fu J, Nefedov M, de Jong PJ, Stewart AF, Bradley A (2011). "A conditional knockout resource for the genome-wide study of mouse gene function". Nature. 474 (7351): 337–342. doi:10.1038/nature10163. PMC 3572410. PMID 21677750.
  17. ↑ Dolgin E (2011). "Mouse library set to be knockout". Nature. 474 (7351): 262–3. doi:10.1038/474262a. PMID 21677718.
  18. ↑ Collins FS, Rossant J, Wurst W (2007). "A Mouse for All Reasons". Cell. 128 (1): 9–13. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.12.018. PMID 17218247.
  19. ↑ van der Weyden L, White JK, Adams DJ, Logan DW (2011). "The mouse genetics toolkit: revealing function and mechanism". Genome Biol. 12 (6): 224. doi:10.1186/gb-2011-12-6-224. PMC 3218837. PMID 21722353.
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 Takahashi M, Yamagiwa A, Nishimura T, Mukai H, Ono Y (Sep 2002). "Centrosomal proteins CG-NAP and kendrin provide microtubule nucleation sites by anchoring gamma-tubulin ring complex". Mol. Biol. Cell. 13 (9): 3235–45. doi:10.1091/mbc.E02-02-0112. PMC 124155. PMID 12221128.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 Larocca MC, Shanks RA, Tian L, Nelson DL, Stewart DM, Goldenring JR (Jun 2004). "AKAP350 interaction with cdc42 interacting protein 4 at the Golgi apparatus". Mol. Biol. Cell. 15 (6): 2771–81. doi:10.1091/mbc.E03-10-0757. PMC 420101. PMID 15047863.
  22. ↑ Marx SO, Kurokawa J, Reiken S, Motoike H, D'Armiento J, Marks AR, Kass RS (Jan 2002). "Requirement of a macromolecular signaling complex for beta adrenergic receptor modulation of the KCNQ1-KCNE1 potassium channel". Science. 295 (5554): 496–9. doi:10.1126/science.1066843. PMID 11799244.
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 Takahashi M, Shibata H, Shimakawa M, Miyamoto M, Mukai H, Ono Y (Jun 1999). "Characterization of a novel giant scaffolding protein, CG-NAP, that anchors multiple signaling enzymes to centrosome and the golgi apparatus". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (24): 17267–74. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.24.17267. PMID 10358086.
  24. ↑ Alto NM, Soderling SH, Hoshi N, Langeberg LK, Fayos R, Jennings PA, Scott JD (Apr 2003). "Bioinformatic design of A-kinase anchoring protein-in silico: a potent and selective peptide antagonist of type II protein kinase A anchoring". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100 (8): 4445–50. doi:10.1073/pnas.0330734100. PMC 153575. PMID 12672969.

Further reading

External links

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

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