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{{Infobox_gene}}
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'''Hyaluronidase PH-20''' is an [[enzyme]] that in humans is encoded by the ''SPAM1'' [[gene]].<ref name="pmid8282124">{{cite journal | vauthors = Gmachl M, Sagan S, Ketter S, Kreil G | title = The human sperm protein PH-20 has hyaluronidase activity | journal = FEBS Lett | volume = 336 | issue = 3 | pages = 545–8 |date=Feb 1994 | pmid = 8282124 | pmc =  | doi =10.1016/0014-5793(93)80873-S }}</ref><ref name="pmid8575780">{{cite journal | vauthors = Jones MH, Davey PM, Aplin H, Affara NA | title = Expression analysis, genomic structure, and mapping to 7q31 of the human sperm adhesion molecule gene SPAM1 | journal = Genomics | volume = 29 | issue = 3 | pages = 796–800 |date=Mar 1996 | pmid = 8575780 | pmc =  | doi = 10.1006/geno.1995.9931 }}</ref><ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: SPAM1 sperm adhesion molecule 1 (PH-20 hyaluronidase, zona pellucida binding)| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=6677| accessdate = }}</ref>
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{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB =
| Name = Sperm adhesion molecule 1 (PH-20 hyaluronidase, zona pellucida binding)
| HGNCid = 11217
| Symbol = SPAM1
| AltSymbols =; HYAL1; HYA1; HYAL3; HYAL5; MGC26532; PH-20; PH20; SPAG15
| OMIM = 600930
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 50610
| MGIid = 1921718
  | GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_SPAM1_210536_s_at_tn.png
  | Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003824 |text = catalytic activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004415 |text = hyalurononglucosaminidase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016798 |text = hydrolase activity, acting on glycosyl bonds}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0048503 |text = GPI anchor binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005886 |text = plasma membrane}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005975 |text = carbohydrate metabolic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007155 |text = cell adhesion}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007339 |text = binding of sperm to zona pellucida}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007342 |text = fusion of sperm to egg plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008152 |text = metabolic process}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 6677
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000106304
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_003108
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_003117
    | Hs_GenLoc_db =   
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 7
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 123374990
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 123397538
    | Hs_Uniprot = P38567
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 74468
    | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000029678
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_028957
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_083233
    | Mm_GenLoc_db = 
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 6
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 24825953
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 24841968
    | Mm_Uniprot = 
  }}
}}
'''Sperm adhesion molecule 1 (PH-20 hyaluronidase, zona pellucida binding)''', also known as '''SPAM1''', is a human [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: SPAM1 sperm adhesion molecule 1 (PH-20 hyaluronidase, zona pellucida binding)| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=6677| accessdate = }}</ref>


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{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =  
| section_title =  
| summary_text = Hyaluronidase degrades hyaluronic acid, a major structural proteoglycan found in extracellular matrices and basement membranes. Six members of the hyaluronidase family are clustered into two tightly linked groups on chromosome 3p21.3 and 7q31.3. This gene was previously referred to as HYAL1 and HYA1 and has since been assigned the official symbol SPAM1; another family member on chromosome 3p21.3 has been assigned HYAL1. This gene encodes a GPI-anchored enzyme located on the human sperm surface and inner acrosomal membrane. This multifunctional protein is a hyaluronidase that enables sperm to penetrate through the hyaluronic acid-rich cumulus cell layer surrounding the oocyte, a receptor that plays a role in hyaluronic acid induced cell signaling, and a receptor that is involved in sperm-zona pellucida adhesion. Abnormal expression of this gene in tumors has implicated this protein in degradation of basement membranes leading to tumor invasion and metastasis. Multiple protein isoforms are encoded by transcript variants of this gene.<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: SPAM1 sperm adhesion molecule 1 (PH-20 hyaluronidase, zona pellucida binding)| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=6677| accessdate = }}</ref>
| summary_text = [[Hyaluronidase]] degrades hyaluronic acid, a major structural proteoglycan found in extracellular matrices and basement membranes. Six members of the hyaluronidase family are clustered into two tightly linked groups on chromosome 3p21.3 and 7q31.3. This gene was previously referred to as HYAL1 and HYA1 and has since been assigned the official symbol SPAM1; another family member on chromosome 3p21.3 has been assigned HYAL1. This gene encodes a GPI-anchored enzyme located on the human sperm surface and inner acrosomal membrane. This multifunctional protein is a hyaluronidase that enables sperm to penetrate through the hyaluronic acid-rich cumulus cell layer surrounding the oocyte, a receptor that plays a role in hyaluronic acid induced cell signaling, and a receptor that is involved in sperm-zona pellucida adhesion. Abnormal expression of this gene in tumors has implicated this protein in degradation of basement membranes leading to tumor invasion and metastasis. Multiple protein isoforms are encoded by transcript variants of this gene.<ref name="entrez" />
}}
}}


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist}}
 
==Further reading==
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading  
{{PBB_Further_reading  
| citations =  
| citations =  
*{{cite journal  | author=Jansen S, Ekhlasi-Hundrieser M, Töpfer-Petersen E |title=Sperm adhesion molecules: structure and function. |journal=Cells Tissues Organs (Print) |volume=168 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 82-92 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11114590 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Jansen S, Ekhlasi-Hundrieser M, Töpfer-Petersen E |title=Sperm adhesion molecules: structure and function. |journal=Cells Tissues Organs (Print) |volume=168 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 82–92 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11114590 |doi=10.1159/000016809 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Csoka AB, Frost GI, Stern R |title=The six hyaluronidase-like genes in the human and mouse genomes. |journal=Matrix Biol. |volume=20 |issue= 8 |pages= 499-508 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11731267 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Csoka AB, Frost GI, Stern R |title=The six hyaluronidase-like genes in the human and mouse genomes. |journal=Matrix Biol. |volume=20 |issue= 8 |pages= 499–508 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11731267 |doi=10.1016/S0945-053X(01)00172-X }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Cherr GN, Yudin AI, Overstreet JW |title=The dual functions of GPI-anchored PH-20: hyaluronidase and intracellular signaling. |journal=Matrix Biol. |volume=20 |issue= 8 |pages= 515-25 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11731269 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Cherr GN, Yudin AI, Overstreet JW |title=The dual functions of GPI-anchored PH-20: hyaluronidase and intracellular signaling. |journal=Matrix Biol. |volume=20 |issue= 8 |pages= 515–25 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11731269 |doi=10.1016/S0945-053X(01)00171-8 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Lathrop WF, Carmichael EP, Myles DG, Primakoff P |title=cDNA cloning reveals the molecular structure of a sperm surface protein, PH-20, involved in sperm-egg adhesion and the wide distribution of its gene among mammals. |journal=J. Cell Biol. |volume=111 |issue= 6 Pt 2 |pages= 2939-49 |year= 1991 |pmid= 2269661 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Lathrop WF, Carmichael EP, Myles DG, Primakoff P |title=cDNA cloning reveals the molecular structure of a sperm surface protein, PH-20, involved in sperm-egg adhesion and the wide distribution of its gene among mammals. |journal=J. Cell Biol. |volume=111 |issue= 6 Pt 2 |pages= 2939–49 |year= 1991 |pmid= 2269661 |doi=10.1083/jcb.111.6.2939  | pmc=2116349 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Lin Y, Mahan K, Lathrop WF, ''et al.'' |title=A hyaluronidase activity of the sperm plasma membrane protein PH-20 enables sperm to penetrate the cumulus cell layer surrounding the egg. |journal=J. Cell Biol. |volume=125 |issue= 5 |pages= 1157-63 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8195297 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Lin Y, Mahan K, Lathrop WF, etal |title=A hyaluronidase activity of the sperm plasma membrane protein PH-20 enables sperm to penetrate the cumulus cell layer surrounding the egg. |journal=J. Cell Biol. |volume=125 |issue= 5 |pages= 1157–63 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8195297 |doi=10.1083/jcb.125.5.1157  | pmc=2120058 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Lin Y, Kimmel LH, Myles DG, Primakoff P |title=Molecular cloning of the human and monkey sperm surface protein PH-20. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=90 |issue= 21 |pages= 10071-5 |year= 1993 |pmid= 8234258 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Lin Y, Kimmel LH, Myles DG, Primakoff P |title=Molecular cloning of the human and monkey sperm surface protein PH-20. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=90 |issue= 21 |pages= 10071–5 |year= 1993 |pmid= 8234258 |doi=10.1073/pnas.90.21.10071  | pmc=47715 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Gmachl M, Sagan S, Ketter S, Kreil G |title=The human sperm protein PH-20 has hyaluronidase activity. |journal=FEBS Lett. |volume=336 |issue= 3 |pages= 545-8 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8282124 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Csóka AB, Scherer SW, Stern R |title=Expression analysis of six paralogous human hyaluronidase genes clustered on chromosomes 3p21 and 7q31. |journal=Genomics |volume=60 |issue= 3 |pages= 356–61 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10493834 |doi= 10.1006/geno.1999.5876 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Jones MH, Davey PM, Aplin H, Affara NA |title=Expression analysis, genomic structure, and mapping to 7q31 of the human sperm adhesion molecule gene SPAM1. |journal=Genomics |volume=29 |issue= 3 |pages= 796-800 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8575780 |doi= 10.1006/geno.1995.9931 }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, etal |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899–903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 | pmc=139241 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Csóka AB, Scherer SW, Stern R |title=Expression analysis of six paralogous human hyaluronidase genes clustered on chromosomes 3p21 and 7q31. |journal=Genomics |volume=60 |issue= 3 |pages= 356-61 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10493834 |doi= 10.1006/geno.1999.5876 }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Scherer SW, Cheung J, MacDonald JR, etal |title=Human chromosome 7: DNA sequence and biology. |journal=Science |volume=300 |issue= 5620 |pages= 767–72 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12690205 | pmc=2882961 |doi= 10.1126/science.1083423 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, ''et al.'' |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899-903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Hillier LW, Fulton RS, Fulton LA, etal |title=The DNA sequence of human chromosome 7. |journal=Nature |volume=424 |issue= 6945 |pages= 157–64 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12853948 |doi= 10.1038/nature01782 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Scherer SW, Cheung J, MacDonald JR, ''et al.'' |title=Human chromosome 7: DNA sequence and biology. |journal=Science |volume=300 |issue= 5620 |pages= 767-72 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12690205 |doi= 10.1126/science.1083423 }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Evans EA, Zhang H, Martin-DeLeon PA |title=SPAM1 (PH-20) protein and mRNA expression in the epididymides of humans and macaques: utilizing laser microdissection/RT-PCR. |journal=Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol. |volume=1 |issue=  1|pages= 54 |year= 2004 |pmid= 12932297 |doi= 10.1186/1477-7827-1-54 | pmc=184449 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Hillier LW, Fulton RS, Fulton LA, ''et al.'' |title=The DNA sequence of human chromosome 7. |journal=Nature |volume=424 |issue= 6945 |pages= 157-64 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12853948 |doi= 10.1038/nature01782 }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Dunn CA, Mager DL |title=Transcription of the human and rodent SPAM1 / PH-20 genes initiates within an ancient endogenous retrovirus. |journal=BMC Genomics |volume=6 |pages= 47 |year= 2006 |pmid= 15804358 |doi= 10.1186/1471-2164-6-47 | pmc=1079825 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Evans EA, Zhang H, Martin-DeLeon PA |title=SPAM1 (PH-20) protein and mRNA expression in the epididymides of humans and macaques: utilizing laser microdissection/RT-PCR. |journal=Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol. |volume=1 |issue=  |pages= 54 |year= 2004 |pmid= 12932297 |doi= 10.1186/1477-7827-1-54 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Dunn CA, Mager DL |title=Transcription of the human and rodent SPAM1 / PH-20 genes initiates within an ancient endogenous retrovirus. |journal=BMC Genomics |volume=6 |issue= 1 |pages= 47 |year= 2006 |pmid= 15804358 |doi= 10.1186/1471-2164-6-47 }}
}}
}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}


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Latest revision as of 06:52, 11 September 2017

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Identifiers
Aliases
External IDsGeneCards: [1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

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Ensembl

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UniProt

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RefSeq (mRNA)

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RefSeq (protein)

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Location (UCSC)n/an/a
PubMed searchn/an/a
Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Hyaluronidase PH-20 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SPAM1 gene.[1][2][3]

Hyaluronidase degrades hyaluronic acid, a major structural proteoglycan found in extracellular matrices and basement membranes. Six members of the hyaluronidase family are clustered into two tightly linked groups on chromosome 3p21.3 and 7q31.3. This gene was previously referred to as HYAL1 and HYA1 and has since been assigned the official symbol SPAM1; another family member on chromosome 3p21.3 has been assigned HYAL1. This gene encodes a GPI-anchored enzyme located on the human sperm surface and inner acrosomal membrane. This multifunctional protein is a hyaluronidase that enables sperm to penetrate through the hyaluronic acid-rich cumulus cell layer surrounding the oocyte, a receptor that plays a role in hyaluronic acid induced cell signaling, and a receptor that is involved in sperm-zona pellucida adhesion. Abnormal expression of this gene in tumors has implicated this protein in degradation of basement membranes leading to tumor invasion and metastasis. Multiple protein isoforms are encoded by transcript variants of this gene.[3]

References

  1. ↑ Gmachl M, Sagan S, Ketter S, Kreil G (Feb 1994). "The human sperm protein PH-20 has hyaluronidase activity". FEBS Lett. 336 (3): 545–8. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(93)80873-S. PMID 8282124.
  2. ↑ Jones MH, Davey PM, Aplin H, Affara NA (Mar 1996). "Expression analysis, genomic structure, and mapping to 7q31 of the human sperm adhesion molecule gene SPAM1". Genomics. 29 (3): 796–800. doi:10.1006/geno.1995.9931. PMID 8575780.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Entrez Gene: SPAM1 sperm adhesion molecule 1 (PH-20 hyaluronidase, zona pellucida binding)".

Further reading



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